Taiwanese Braille

Taiwanese Braille
⠅⠒⠂⠳⠈⠀⠙⠞⠈⠓⠱⠐
Taiwanese Braille; ⠅⠒⠂⠳⠈⠀⠙⠞⠈⠓⠱⠐
Script type	Semisyllabary
Print basis	Zhuyin
Languages	Standard Mandarin
Related scripts
Parent systems	Night writing Braille Taiwanese Braille; ;

Taiwanese Braille is the braille script used in Taiwan for Taiwanese Mandarin (Guoyu).^[1] Although based marginally on international braille, most consonants have been reassigned;^[2] also, like Chinese Braille, Taiwanese Braille is a semi-syllabary.

An example is,

國			語		點			字			記			號

ㄍ	ㄨㄛ	ˊ	ㄩ	ˇ	ㄉ	ㄧㄢ	ˇ	ㄗ	ㄭ	ˋ	ㄐ	ㄧ	ˋ	ㄏ	ㄠ	ˋ
guó			yǔ		diǎn			zì			jì			hào

Charts

Initials

Zhuyin	ㄅ	ㄆ	ㄇ	ㄈ	ㄉ	ㄊ	ㄋ	ㄌ	ㄍ	ㄎ	ㄏ	ㄐ	ㄑ	ㄒ	ㄓ	ㄔ	ㄕ	ㄖ	ㄗ	ㄘ	ㄙ
Pinyin	b	p	m	f	d	t	n	l	g	k	h	j	q	x	zh	ch	sh	r	z	c	s
Braille

The braille letters for zhuyin/pinyin ㄍ g (/k/), ㄘ c (/tsʰ/), and ㄙ s (/s/) double for the alveolo-palatal consonants ㄐ j (/tɕ/), ㄑ q (/tɕʰ/), and ㄒ x (/ɕ/).^[3] The latter are followed by close front vowels, namely ㄧ i (/i/) and ㄩ ü (/y/), so the distinction between g, c, s (or z, k, h) and j, q, x in zhuyin and pinyin is redundant.

Medial + rime

Each medial + rime in zhuyin is written with a single letter in braille.


Zhuyin	/ㄦ	ㄚ	ㄛ	ㄜ	ㄝ	ㄞ	ㄟ	ㄠ	ㄡ	ㄢ	ㄣ	ㄤ	ㄥ
Pinyin	-i/er	a	o	e	ê	ai	ei	ao	ou	an	en	ang	eng
Braille
Zhuyin	ㄧ	ㄧㄚ	ㄧㄛ		ㄧㄝ	ㄧㄞ		ㄧㄠ	ㄧㄡ	ㄧㄢ	ㄧㄣ	ㄧㄤ	ㄧㄥ
Pinyin	i	ia	io		ie	iai		iao	iu	ian	in	iang	ing
Braille

Zhuyin	ㄨ	ㄨㄚ	ㄨㄛ			ㄨㄞ	ㄨㄟ			ㄨㄢ	ㄨㄣ	ㄨㄤ	ㄨㄥ
Pinyin	u	ua	uo			uai	ui			uan	un	uang	ong
Braille

Zhuyin	ㄩ				ㄩㄝ					ㄩㄢ	ㄩㄣ		ㄩㄥ
Pinyin	ü				üe					üan	ün		iong
Braille

⠱ is used for both the empty rime -i ([ɨ]), which is not written in zhuyin, and the rime ㄦ er ([ɐɚ]). See for example 斯 sī (⠑⠱⠄) located above the word Daguerre in the image at right.

Tone Marks

Tone:	1	2	3	4	0
Zhuyin	N/a	ˊ	ˇ	ˋ	˙
Pinyin	ˉ	ˊ	ˇ	ˋ	N/a
Braille	⠄	⠂	⠈	⠐	⠁

Tone is always marked.^[4] This includes toneless syllables such as 了 le, rendered ⠉⠮⠁lė in the image above-right.

Punctuation marks

Punctuation^[5]

Print	。・	，	；	、	？	！	：
Braille	⠤	⠆	⠰	⠠	⠕	⠇	⠒⠒

Print	＿＿	﹏﹏	……	—	—— ——	※	◎
Braille	⠰⠰	⠠⠤	⠐⠐⠐	⠐⠂	⠐⠂ ⠐⠂	⠈⠼	⠪⠕

Print	「 ... 」	『 ... 』	（ ... ）	〔 ... 〕	｛ ... ｝
Braille	⠰⠤ ... ⠤⠆	⠦⠦ ... ⠴⠴	⠪ ... ⠕	⠯ ... ⠽	⠦ ... ⠴

References

↑ Not for Taiwanese Hokkien, which commonly goes by the name "Taiwanese"
↑ Only p m d n g c a e ê ü (from p m d n k j ä è dropped-e ü) approximate the French norm. Other letters have been reassigned so that the sets of letters in groups such as d t n l and g k h are similar in shape.
↑ [sic] One might expect ㄐ j (/tɕ/) to pair with ㄗ z (/ts/), by analogy with the others. Compare here Archived 2020-08-07 at the Wayback Machine, where the character 學 xué is rendered ⠑⠦⠂ "süé". Historically it could have been either. The principal behind the assignments seems to be that, of the historically appropriate pairs of letters g~z, k~c, and h~s, the letter with the fewer dots is used for j, q, x.
↑ "JAPANESE BRAILLE. : languagehat.com". languagehat.com. Retrieved 2022-02-27.
↑ 萬明美, 2001, 「視障教育」, 五南圖書出版股份有限公司, p. 74 ff

External links

國語點字自學手冊 Archived 2016-05-05 at the Wayback Machine, National Taiwan Library
(a copy here)

[1] Not for Taiwanese Hokkien, which commonly goes by the name "Taiwanese"

[2] Only p m d n g c a e ê ü (from p m d n k j ä è dropped-e ü) approximate the French norm. Other letters have been reassigned so that the sets of letters in groups such as d t n l and g k h are similar in shape.

[3] [sic] One might expect ㄐ j (/tɕ/) to pair with ㄗ z (/ts/), by analogy with the others. Compare here Archived 2020-08-07 at the Wayback Machine, where the character 學 xué is rendered ⠑⠦⠂ "süé". Historically it could have been either. The principal behind the assignments seems to be that, of the historically appropriate pairs of letters g~z, k~c, and h~s, the letter with the fewer dots is used for j, q, x.

[langhat-4] "JAPANESE BRAILLE. : languagehat.com". languagehat.com. Retrieved 2022-02-27.

[5] 萬明美, 2001, 「視障教育」, 五南圖書出版股份有限公司, p. 74 ff

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