Pomegranate ellagitannin
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The pomegranate ellagitannins, which include punicalagin isomers, are ellagitannins found in the sarcotestas, rind (peel), bark or heartwood of the pomegranate fruit (Punica granatum).
Chemistry
[edit]Punicalagins are not unique to pomegranate, as they are present in numerous species of the genus Terminalia, species chebula Retz., myriocarpa, catappa, and from Cistus salvifolius[1][2] and Combretum molle.[3]
Dietary supplementation
[edit]A few dietary supplements and nutritional ingredients are available that contain extracts of whole pomegranate and/or are standardized to punicalagins, the marker compound of pomegranate. Extracts of pomegranate are also 'Generally Recognized As Safe' (GRAS) by the United States.[citation needed]
List of compounds
[edit]Ellagitannins
[edit]- Pedunculagin, a compound found in the pericarp of the pomegranate (Punica granatum).[4]
- Punicacortein A, a compound found in the bark of P. granatum and in Osbeckia chinensis
- Punicacortein B, a compound found in the bark of P. granatum
- Punicacortein C, a compound found in the bark of P. granatum
- Punicacortein D, a compound found in the bark and heartwood of P. granatum
- Punicafolin, a compound found in the leaves of Punica granatum
- Punigluconin, a compound found in the bark of P. granatum and in Emblica officinalis
- Punicalagin, a compound found in the pericarps of P. granatum
- Punicalin, a compound found in pomegranates or in the leaves of Terminalia catappa
- Granatin A, a compound found in the pericarp of P. granatum
- Granatin B, a compound found in the fruit of P. granatum
- Diellagic acid rhamnosyl (1→4) glucopyranoside[5]
- 5-O-galloylpunicacortein D[5]
- 2-O-galloylpunicalin[5]
- Casuarinin, a compound found in the pericarp of P. granatum[4]
- Gallagyldilactone, a compound found in the pericarp of P. granatum[4]
- Corilagin, a compound found in the leaves of P. granatum and other species
- Strictinin, a compound found in the leaves of P. granatum[6]
Other phenolics
[edit]- Ellagic acid, a constitutive compound of ellagitannins
- Gallagic acid, a compound found in many ellagitannins
- 1,2,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, a compound found in the leaves of P. granatum[6]
- 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, a compound found in the leaves of P. granatum[6] and the common precursor of gallotannins and the related ellagitannins
- Brevifolin, a compound found in the leaves of P. granatum[7]
- Brevifolin carboxylic acid, a compound found in the leaves of P. granatum[7]
- 3,6-(R)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-(α/β)-C-glucopyranose, a compound found in the leaves of P. granatum[7]
- 1,2,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-C-glucopyranose, a compound found in the leaves of P. granatum[7]
- 1,4,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-C-glucopyranose, a compound found in the leaves of P. granatum[7]
- 3,4,8,9,10-pentahydroxydibenzo[b,d]pyran-6-one, a compound found in the leaves of P. granatum[7]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ↑ Barrajón-Catalán, Enrique; Fernández-Arroyo, Salvador; Roldán, Cristina; Guillén, Emilio; Saura, Domingo; Segura-Carretero, Antonio; Micol, Vicente (2011). "A systematic study of the polyphenolic composition of aqueous extracts deriving from several Cistus genus species: Evolutionary relationship". Phytochemical Analysis. 22 (4): 303–12. Bibcode:2011PChAn..22..303B. doi:10.1002/pca.1281. PMID 21259376.
- ↑ Saracini, E.; Tattini, M.; Traversi, M. L.; Vincieri, F. F.; Pinelli, P. (2005). "Simultaneous LC-DAD and LC-MS Determination of Ellagitannins, Flavonoid Glycosides, and Acyl-Glycosyl Flavonoids in Cistus salvifolius L. Leaves". Chromatographia. 62 (5–6): 245. doi:10.1365/s10337-005-0623-7. S2CID 93426386.
- ↑ Asres, K.; Bucar, F.; Knauder, E.; Yardley, V.; Kendrick, H.; Croft, S. L. (2001). "In vitro antiprotozoal activity of extract and compounds from the stem bark of Combretum molle". Phytotherapy Research. 15 (7): 613–7. doi:10.1002/ptr.897. PMID 11746844. S2CID 24511496.
- 1 2 3 Satomi, H.; Umemura, K.; Ueno, A.; Hatano, T.; Okuda, T.; Noro, T. (1993). "Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors from the pericarps of Punica granatum L". Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 16 (8): 787–790. doi:10.1248/bpb.16.787. PMID 8220326.
- 1 2 3 El-Toumy, Sayed A.A; Rauwald, Hans W (2002). "Two ellagitannins from Punica granatum heartwood". Phytochemistry. 61 (8): 971–4. Bibcode:2002PChem..61..971E. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00435-1. PMID 12453528.
- 1 2 3 Tanaka, Takashi; Nonaka, Gen-Ichiro; Nishioka, Itsuo (1985). "Punicafolin, an ellagitannin from the leaves of Punica granatum". Phytochemistry. 24 (9): 2075. Bibcode:1985PChem..24.2075T. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83125-8.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Nawwar, Mahmoud A.M.; Hussein, Sahar A.M.; Merfort, Irmgard (1994). "NMR spectral analysis of polyphenols from Punica granatum". Phytochemistry. 36 (3): 793. Bibcode:1994PChem..36..793N. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89820-9.
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