Scotokaryotes
| Scotokaryotes | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| (unranked): | Neokaryotes |
| (unranked): | Scotokaryotes Cavalier-Smith, 1999 |
| Clades | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
The Scotokaryotes is a proposed basal eukaryote clade sister to Diaphoretickes.[2] Likely Scotokaryote groupings include the Metamonads, the Malawimonas and the Podiata.[3][4] The name comes from the Greek word scotos (dark) due to the complete absence of photosynthetic organisms in this clade, contrasting with Diaphoretickes and Excavata.[2]
An alternative to the Unikont–Bikont division was suggested by Derelle et al. in 2015,[1] where they proposed the acronyms Opimoda–Diphoda respectively, as substitutes to the older terms (Opimoda includes the old 'unikonts', plus some former bikonts; Diphoda includes most of the old 'bikonts', but not all). The name Opimoda is formed from the letters (shown in capitals) of OPIsthokonta and aMOebozoa.
Sarcomastigota Cavalier-Smith, 1983 is a proposed subkingdom (currently shown to be paraphyletic) that includes all members of Opimoda that are not animals or fungi.[5] Sulcozoa Cavalier-Smith, 2012 is a proposed phylum (currently shown to be paraphyletic) within Sarcomastigota that does not include the phyla Amoebozoa (clade) and Choanozoa (paraphyletic), i.e. it includes the proposed subphyla Apusozoa and Varisulca.[6]
Phylogeny
[edit]A proposed cladogram is[7]
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See also
[edit]References
[edit]- 1 2 Derelle, Romain; Torruella, Guifré; Klimeš, Vladimír; Brinkmann, Henner; Kim, Eunsoo; Vlček, Čestmír; Lang, B. Franz; Eliáš, Marek (17 February 2015). "Bacterial proteins pinpoint a single eukaryotic root". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 112 (7): E693–E699. Bibcode:2015PNAS..112E.693D. doi:10.1073/pnas.1420657112. PMC 4343179. PMID 25646484.
- 1 2 Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Chao, Ema E.; Lewis, Rhodri (December 2015). "Multiple origins of Heliozoa from flagellate ancestors: New cryptist subphylum Corbihelia, superclass Corbistoma, and monophyly of Haptista, Cryptista, Hacrobia and Chromista". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 93: 357. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.07.004.
- ↑ Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2013-05-01). "Early evolution of eukaryote feeding modes, cell structural diversity, and classification of the protozoan phyla Loukozoa, Sulcozoa, and Choanozoa". European Journal of Protistology. 49 (2): 115–178. doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2012.06.001. PMID 23085100.
- ↑ Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2017). "Euglenoid pellicle morphogenesis and evolution in light of comparative ultrastructure and trypanosomatid biology: semi-conservative microtubule/strip duplication, strip shaping and transformation". European Journal of Protistology. 61 (Pt A): 137–179. doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2017.09.002. PMID 29073503.
- ↑ Ruggiero, Michael A.; Gordon, Dennis P.; Orrell, Thomas M.; Bailly, Nicolas; Bourgoin, Thierry; Brusca, Richard C.; Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Guiry, Michael D.; Kirk, Paul M. (2015-06-11). "Correction: A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms". PLOS ONE. 10 (6) e0130114. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1030114R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0130114. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 5159126. PMID 26068874.
- ↑ Ruggiero, Michael A.; Gordon, Dennis P.; Orrell, Thomas M.; Bailly, Nicolas; Bourgoin, Thierry; Brusca, Richard C.; Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Guiry, Michael D.; Kirk, Paul M. (2015-04-29). "A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms". PLOS ONE. 10 (4) e0119248. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1019248R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119248. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4418965. PMID 25923521..
- ↑ Torruella, Guifré; Galindo, Luis Javier; Moreira, David; López-García, Purificación (2025). "Phylogenomics of neglected flagellated protists supports a revised eukaryotic tree of life". Current Biology. 35 (1): 198–207.e4. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.075. hdl:10481/102343. ISSN 0960-9822.
