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Jomo Kenyatta International Airport

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from JKIA)

Jomo Kenyatta International Airport
Uwanja wa ndege wa kimataifa wa Jomo Kenyatta
Summary
Airport typePublic
OperatorKenya Airports Authority
ServesNairobi Metropolitan Region
LocationEmbakasi, Nairobi, Kenya
Opened9 March 1958; 68 years ago (1958-03-09)
Hub for
Elevation AMSL1,624 m (5,328 ft)
Coordinates01°19′07″S 36°55′33″E / 1.31861°S 36.92583°E / -1.31861; 36.92583
Websitekaa.go.ke
Map
NBO is located in Kenya
NBO
NBO
Location within Kenya
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
06/24 4,117 13,507 Asphalt
Statistics (2024)
Passengers9,067,400 [1]
Freight Traffic364,822 tonnes [1]
Latitude and longitude provided by Kenya Airports Authority[2]

Jomo Kenyatta International Airport (IATA: NBO, ICAO: HKJK) is an international airport serving Nairobi, the capital and largest city of Kenya. It is located in the Embakasi suburb, approximately 18 kilometres (11 mi) southeast of Nairobi city centre. The airport has scheduled flights to destinations in over 50 countries. Originally named Embakasi Airport, the airport's name was changed in 1978 to honour Jomo Kenyatta, who was Kenya's first president and Prime Minister. The airport served over 9 million passengers and over 364,000 tonnes of cargo in 2024,[3] making it the sixth busiest airport in passenger traffic in Africa.[4][5][6] It is the busiest out of the four international airports in Kenya, the other three international airports being Kisumu International Airport, Eldoret International Airport and Moi International Airport in Mombasa.

The postal code for Jomo Kenyatta International Airport (JKIA) is 00501.[7]

History

[edit]

1950s and 1960s

[edit]
Embakasi Airport in 1958
Embakasi Airport in 1975

Discussions about building the airport date back to 1945. At that time, the colonial power—Britain—and its national airline, BOAC, were worried that the existing airport at Eastleigh was inadequate for post-War civilian airliners. The costs of improving Eastleigh versus developing a new airport occupied planners for eight years. Who would pay was a major issue.[8]

The task was by no means straightforward, and many problems, largely of a civil engineering nature, had to be overcome before the runway could be built. An extensive amount of the airport's construction was done utilizing forced labourers, many of whom were suspected Kenya Land and Freedom Army members.[citation needed] Due to the enormous pressure to finish the airport and the high amount of labour necessary, the labourers were worked to the point where some of them died of exhaustion. The working conditions were so poor that there were reports of suicides and self-mutilation among the labourers.[9]

On Sunday 9 March 1958, Embakasi Airport (now JKIA) was opened by the last colonial governor of Kenya, Sir Evelyn Baring.[10]

At the time in 1958, Nairobi was one of the few towns in the world that could boast of a 1965 airport with an expansion option at hand. The number of aircraft movements then was less than 600 per month. The airport architect was strongly influenced by the design of Kloten, Zurich, in the planning and design of Embakasi, although similarities were by no means obvious. Both airports are arranged so that arrival passengers can see completely through the building; the minimum of signs is required. And although Embakasi was designed to meet Nairobi's particular needs, both airports shared a lightness and spaciousness that was at the time extraordinarily refreshing. The fitting and colour schemes employed at the then Embakasi Airport were first-class.[11]

1970s, 1980s and 1990s

[edit]
A Kenya Airways Boeing 707 at a Nairobi airshow in 1977

In 1972, the World Bank approved funds for further expansion of the airport, including a new international and domestic passenger terminal building, the airport's first dedicated cargo and freight terminal, new taxiways, associated aprons, internal roads, car parks, police and fire stations, a State Pavilion, airfield and roadway lighting, fire hydrant system, water, electrical, telecommunications and sewage systems, a dual carriageway passenger access road, security, drainage and the building of the main access road to the airport (Airport South Road). The total cost of the project was over US$29 million (US$111.8 million in 2013 dollars).[12] On 14 March 1978, construction of the current terminal building was completed on the other side of the airport's single runway and opened by President Kenyatta.[13]

In October 1994, a British Airways Concorde landed at the airport for purposes of testing the aircraft's performance at high altitude.[citation needed]

2000–present

[edit]

On 10 June 2008, Kenya Vision 2030 was launched by President Mwai Kibaki.[14] Under the vision, JKIA's aging infrastructure was to be upgraded to World Class standards. New terminals and runway upgrades were to be added in phases. The African Development Bank carried out an Environmental Impact Assessment on the development of Phase 1 of the proposed Green Field Terminal (GFT) which was expected to increase the capacity of JKIA to about 18.5 million passengers annually by the year 2030. The Greenfield Terminal project was to encompass the construction of a four level terminal building comprising a central processing area, a transit hotel, landside retail centres, arrivals and departures plaza. Ancillary facilities which would have included an access road, car parking, access taxiways, Ground Service Equipment (GSE) and bus parking areas.[15]

On 29 March 2016, the KES 56 billion (US$560 million) Greenfield Terminal Project was terminated by Kenya Airports Authority because the contractor failed to secure funds, thus ending Kenya's vision of having the largest terminal in Africa.[16]

In February 2017, the airport was awarded a Category One Status by the Federal Aviation Administration of the United States, thus allowing possible direct flights between the US and Nairobi. Five other African countries have direct flights to the US (South Africa, Ethiopia, Egypt, Morocco, and Cabo Verde).[17][18]

2013 fire

[edit]
Aftermath of 2013 fire at JKIA

On 7 August 2013, a fire originating in the immigration area caused massive damage to the airport, destroying two of the three units contained in the building. Unit 3, usually dedicated to domestic operations, was used temporarily for international traffic.[19] Incoming flights were diverted to Uganda, Tanzania, and other airports in Kenya.[20] A new unit (Unit IV) was under construction at the time and was scheduled to open in August 2013,[21] but it finally opened on 1 July 2014 and was renamed Terminal 1A. This terminal was not damaged in the fire.[citation needed]

The terminal building of Jomo Kenyatta International Airport as it appeared prior to the 2013 fire.

At approximately 4:30 am local time,[22] a fire originating in the immigration section of Unit I (used for international departures) rapidly spread to adjoining Unit II, which is used for international arrivals. The building's construction (completed in 1978), a roof collapse in Unit I, and heavy traffic in the area hindered initial efforts to extinguish the blaze. Initial media reports showed some firefighters using buckets to fight the fire.[23] Several groups, including the Kenya Army and firefighters from private companies, assisted in fighting the fire. After six hours, on-scene officials indicated that the fire had been contained.[23]

After the fire had been extinguished, businesses affected by the fire reported that items were missing from their businesses. Various reports indicated that first responders had looted fire-damaged businesses during and after the fire, leading some to believe that the fire could have been put out sooner had all the firefighters kept their focus on extinguishing the blaze.[24][25] Tourists who were displaced by the fire also reported that they were assaulted by thugs who blocked access to the main gate, where the tourists were attempting to retrieve their belongings.[23] There were no immediate reports of injuries to firefighting personnel or other airport employees.[26] A spokesman for Kenya Airways, the primary tenant at the airport, indicated that two of its employees had been transported to a local hospital for observation. One of the individuals was treated for smoke inhalation.[citation needed]

Aftermath

[edit]
Post-fire damage to the exterior of the terminal building. Following the fire, temporary tents were established on the apron to handle international arrivals. Photo taken approximately 2 weeks after the fire.

After the fire was extinguished, a preliminary investigation was started. Possible terrorism was an initial concern because the fire occurred on the fifteenth anniversary of the terrorist bombings of United States embassies in Kenya and Tanzania plus the fact that Kenya has been involved in an armed conflict with Al-Shabaab in neighbouring Somalia. Investigators, however, soon ruled out terrorism as the cause of the fire, as no explosive devices were discovered during the initial investigation.[27][28] The cause was later confirmed to be an electrical fault in a distribution board.[29]

The international arrival and departure units were completely destroyed in the fire. Airport officials have elected to use Unit III (used for domestic arrivals and departures) to handle some international traffic. Operations were partly re-established on 8 August.[30]

In June 2015, a new, fully functional temporary terminal building became operational. This terminal building was planned for a design life of 10 years, until completion of the planned new permanent facility.[31]

Worker's strikes

[edit]

2024 strike

[edit]

On 11 September 2024, airport workers held a strike against proposals to lease the facility to the Adani Group of India for 30 years. The Law Society of Kenya and the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights also criticised the proposal, citing the airport being a "strategic national asset". The two groups also filed petitions in the High Court against the proposal, which led to it being suspended pending a final decision.[32]

2026 strikes

[edit]

On 9 February 2026, airport workers' organisations across the country issued a notice for a planned strike. It was triggered by unfair staff hiring practices, poor compensation and proposed changes to the management of JKIA which were opposed by workers unions.[33]. It started on 17 February and ended the next day when the Kenya Aviation Workers Union (KAWU) signed a return to work formula after successful talks with the Kenya Civil Aviation Authority (KCAA) and other stakeholders.[34]

According to KAWU, government did not implement the return to work formula forcing it to resume the previously suspended strike for two days; 30 and 31 August.[35] It resulted in thousands of passengers getting stranded, flight delays at times exceeding 6 hours, flight disruptions including at JKIA.[36] The end of the strike was announced on 1 September after negotiations with various aviation stakeholders.[33][37] KAWU, the airport and civil aviation authorities, and Jambojet signed another return to work agreement to end the strike while negotiations on outstanding issues continued.[37]

Facilities

[edit]

The passenger airport consists of two buildings. Terminal 1 is a semi-circular complex divided into five units, 1A to 1E. Terminal 2 stands apart from that complex and is reached by road or shuttle; there is no airside walkway between the two.[38] The original civilian terminal, on the north side of the runway, is used by the Kenya Air Force and is still sometimes called Old Embakasi Airport.

Airline assignments shift. Passengers are advised to check the terminal printed on the ticket.

Terminal 1

[edit]

Terminal 1A

[edit]

Terminal 1A opened on 1 July 2014 as the main replacement for the international building damaged in the 2013 fire. Kenya Airports Authority gives it a capacity of 2.5 million passengers a year. It has three levels, 30 check-in desks, 12 departure gates and five baggage carousels, with shops and restaurants airside.[38] Kenya Airways and other SkyTeam carriers use it for most international arrivals and departures.

Terminals 1B and 1C

[edit]

Units 1B and 1C handle international departures for airlines that do not operate from 1A. Both have common-use check-in, security on the way to a first-floor departure lounge, duty-free shops and cafés.

Terminal 1D

[edit]

Terminal 1D is the domestic unit. Kenya Airways and its subsidiary Jambojet are the usual operators.

Terminal 1E

[edit]

After the 2013 fire a parking structure was fitted out as a temporary international arrivals hall. It later became the arrivals point for flights that depart from 1B and 1C. The building was put up as a short-term fix and is still in use.

Terminal 2

[edit]

Terminal 2 opened in April 2015. It is a prefabricated building rated at 2.5 million passengers a year and was added to take pressure off Terminal 1. Low-cost and some regional carriers use it. Check-in and gates cover both domestic and international flights.

Airfield

[edit]

The airport has one operational runway, 06/24, 4,117 m (13,507 ft) of asphalt and 60 m (200 ft) wide. It is an ICAO code F pavement and can take aircraft in the class of the Airbus A380 and Boeing 747-8. Edge lighting is installed; there is no full centre-line approach lighting of the sort planned for a second strip. Plans for that second runway are treated under Expansion.

Lounges

[edit]

Kenya Airways unveiled the Simba Lounge and Pride Lounge in Terminal 1A in November 2014 and opened them the following year. The two rooms were built at a reported cost of about KES 130–135 million and seat a few hundred people between them. They serve Kenya Airways Premier World and SkyTeam Sky Priority passengers.[39][40] A further Kenya Airways room, the Msafiri Lounge, is in Terminal 1D for domestic departures.

Paid and alliance lounges in the same complex have included the Swissport Aspire Lounge in Terminal 1B, a Plaza Premium Lounge in Terminal 1D, and a Turkish Airlines lounge used by Star Alliance passengers, most recently described in Terminal 1E. Locations have changed as units have been reassigned, so notices at the airport are the reliable guide.

Terminal 2 has two airside rooms on level 1, the Mara Lounge and the Mount Kenya Lounge. Both are run as 24-hour contract lounges.

Other facilities

[edit]

African Express Airways has its head office on the airport grounds. The head office of the Kenya Airports Authority is also at the airport.[41]

Expansion

[edit]

Attempts to expand the airport have been repeatedly delayed, cancelled or recast. The terminal that opened in 1978 was designed for about 2.5 million passengers a year, a figure that was passed long ago. Rebuilding after the 2013 fire and the opening of Terminal 2 in 2015 raised the capacity most often cited by the Kenya Airports Authority (KAA) to about 7.5–8 million.[42] Traffic later overtook those numbers as well. The airport handled about 6.5 million passengers in 2015,[42] 8.3 million in 2019 and 9.07 million in 2024.[43] It still has a single runway.

Officials and industry analysts have argued that further delay would leave Nairobi behind Addis Ababa, where Addis Ababa Bole International Airport already has two runways and Ethiopian Airlines has built a larger connecting network. Ethiopia has also begun work on Bishoftu International Airport, a much larger greenfield project.[44][45]

Greenfield Terminal

[edit]

The principal attempt to raise capacity was the Greenfield Terminal, a Vision 2030 project. President Uhuru Kenyatta launched it in late 2013 and officiated at a groundbreaking ceremony on 23 May 2014.[42][46] The design-and-build contract was awarded to a joint venture of Anhui Construction Engineering Group (ACEG) and China National Aero-Technology International Engineering Corporation (CATIC).[42][47]

The scheme called for a four-level building of about 178,000 m2 (1,920,000 sq ft), rated at 20 million passengers a year, with 50 international and 10 domestic check-in positions, 32 contact gates and eight remote gates, an apron of 45 stands, a transit hotel, retail space and taxiways that could later serve a second runway.[47][48] Published contract values were in the range of KES 56–65 billion (about US$560–650 million); some later accounts said the cost had risen toward US$1 billion.[42][49] Kenya was to fund a minority share, with the balance expected from the African Development Bank and commercial lenders.[49]

KAA terminated the project on 29 March 2016. It said the contractor had not secured finance and cited “operational, economic and financial dynamics”.[42][47] Transport Cabinet Secretary James Macharia said the terminal offered poor value for money and that a second runway would add more capacity.[48][49] Little of the building had been erected.

The cancellation left a long financial tail. Audits and later parliamentary hearings recorded an advance of about KES 4.31 billion to ACEG–CATIC, KES 75 million for the groundbreaking ceremony, and payments to consultants including Louis Berger working with Runji and Partners (later figures ranged from about KES 130 million to more than KES 216 million), plus smaller fees to PricewaterhouseCoopers after a financing-advisory contract was ended.[46][50][51] The contractor lodged further claims. A later mediation produced an additional settlement and a large write-off; by 2024 some accounts put cumulative payments to the contractor near KES 9.6 billion.[52] The Auditor-General and the National Assembly’s Public Investments Committee continued to query the records years after work stopped.[46][51]

Second runway

[edit]

After the Greenfield cancellation the government named a second runway as the priority. In January 2017 it approved a 4,800 m × 60 m (15,750 ft × 200 ft) Category II runway, quoted at KES 37 billion. The existing 06/24 runway is 4,117 m (13,507 ft). Planners said a parallel strip would raise hourly aircraft movements and provide a reserve during maintenance.[53][54] The quoted cost was later revised to about KES 22 billion and tenders were invited.[55]

In 2018–19 the ministry paused the scheme pending a review of its economic value. In April 2019 Macharia said better use of the existing terminals came first and that the runway was no longer the immediate priority.[53] Construction did not start.

Adani proposal

[edit]

In March 2024 Adani Airport Holdings submitted a privately initiated proposal to expand and operate the airport under a 30-year build–operate–transfer concession. Published investment figures ranged from about US$1.85 billion to just over US$2 billion and included a new terminal, airside works and, in some descriptions, a second runway.[56][57] Critics objected to the absence of an open tender, to a stated equity return of around 18 percent, and to terms that would have left Adani with a residual stake after the concession.[56][57] Reporting later showed the proposal moving from receipt to clearance for a feasibility stage within weeks.[58]

Details became public in July 2024 after Nelson Amenya posted documents online.[59] Protests followed under the banner OccupyJKIA. The Law Society of Kenya and other groups sued. Airport workers struck on 10–11 September 2024, disrupting flights.[60] The High Court issued conservatory orders.

On 21 November 2024 President William Ruto cancelled the airport plan, and a related energy contract with the same group, after United States prosecutors charged Gautam Adani with bribery and fraud in an unrelated Indian solar case. Ruto said Kenyan investigators and partner governments had supplied new information.[61][62] Adani denied the American charges and said no binding concession had been signed. KAA later confirmed a formal termination.[63]

Current programme

[edit]

After the Adani collapse the state returned to a government-led programme. An Integrated Master Plan for 2025–2045, prepared for KAA by the consultancy Sidara and presented in early 2026, set a sequence: first raise throughput on the existing airfield with rapid-exit taxiways and other works, and lift the present terminals from about 7.5 million to about 12 million passengers a year; later add a new terminal and a parallel runway of about 4,500 m (14,800 ft). The plan forecast traffic approaching 22 million passengers by the mid-2040s.[64][65][66]

On 23 June 2026 the government signed a KES 154.2 billion design-and-build contract with China Road and Bridge Corporation covering rehabilitation of the existing airfield, renovation of the present terminals and a new terminal rated at about 10 million passengers a year. Combined, those works are intended to take overall capacity to about 22 million.[67][68] Officials said construction would begin in July 2026, with the airfield and terminal upgrades on shorter timetables and the new terminal taking about three years.[67] The second runway and a further terminal increment remain in later phases of the master plan. Financing has been described as airport passenger-charge revenue, syndicated loans and other public funds, rather than a long concession of the 2024 type.[44]

Airlines and destinations

[edit]

Passenger

[edit]
AirlinesDestinations
748 Air Mombasa,[69] Ukunda/Diani Beach[70]
Air Arabia Sharjah[71]
Air France Paris–Charles de Gaulle[72]
Air Tanzania Dar es Salaam,[73] Zanzibar[74]
Airlink Johannesburg–O.R. Tambo[75]
ASKY Airlines Lomé[76]
British Airways London–Heathrow[77]
Brussels Airlines Brussels[citation needed]
China Southern Airlines Changsha,[citation needed] Guangzhou[citation needed]
Egyptair Cairo[78]
Emirates Dubai–International[79]
Ethiopian Airlines Addis Ababa[80]
Etihad Airways Abu Dhabi[81][82]
Flydubai Dubai–International[citation needed]
Flynas Riyadh[citation needed]
Freedom Airline Mombasa[83]
Gulf Air Bahrain[84]
IndiGo Mumbai[citation needed]
Kenya Airways Abidjan,[85] Accra,[85] Addis Ababa,[85] Amsterdam,[85] Antananarivo,[85] Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi,[85] Bujumbura,[85] Dakar–Diass,[85] Dar es Salaam,[85] Douala,[85] Dubai–International,[85] Dzaoudzi,[85] Entebbe,[85] Freetown,[85] Guangzhou,[citation needed] Harare,[85] Johannesburg–O.R. Tambo,[citation needed] Juba,[85] Kigali,[85] Kilimanjaro,[85] Kinshasa–N'djili,[85] Kisumu,[85] Lagos,[85] Lilongwe,[85] Livingstone,[85] London–Gatwick,[citation needed] London–Heathrow,[85] Lubumbashi,[85] Lusaka,[85] Mahé,[85] Malindi,[citation needed] Maputo,[85] Mauritius,[85][86] Mogadishu,[citation needed] Mombasa,[85] Monrovia–Roberts,[85] Moroni,[85] Mumbai,[85] Nampula,[85] Ndola,[85] New York–JFK,[citation needed] Paris–Charles de Gaulle,[85] Victoria Falls,[85][87] Zanzibar[85]
KLM Amsterdam[88]
Qatar Airways Doha[89]
SalamAir Muscat[citation needed]
Saudia Jeddah[90]
TAAG Angola Airlines Luanda–Agostinho Neto[citation needed]
Turkish Airlines Istanbul[91]
Zambia Airways Lusaka[citation needed]

Cargo

[edit]
AirlinesDestinations
Astral Aviation[92][93][94] Aktobe, Dar es Salaam, Delhi, Dubai–Al Maktoum, Entebbe, Harare, Hong Kong, Johannesburg–O.R. Tambo, Juba, Kigali, Liège, Lilongwe, Lusaka, Maputo, Mogadishu, Mumbai, Mwanza, Pemba, Zanzibar
Charter: Aden, Djibouti, Guangzhou, Hargeisa
FedEx Express Dubai–International[95]
My Freighter Airlines Tashkent[96]
Ethiopian Airlines Eldoret[97]

Statistics

[edit]
Annual passenger statistics
Year Passengers
2001
2,969,000
2002
3,057,000
2003
3,451,000
2004
3,999,000
2005
4,239,000
2006
4,449,000
2007
4,861,000
2008
4,751,200
2009
5,078,100
2010
5,485,800
2011
6,291,200
2012
6,271,900
2013
5,946,900
2014
6,386,500
2015
6,480,400
2016
7,111,500
2017
7,270,800
2018
8,019,100
2019
8,182,900
2020
2,811,200
2021
3,974,100
2022
6,556,500
2023
8,210,100
2024
9,067,300
2025
8,732,300

Source: Kenya National Bureau of Statistics[98][99][100][101][102][103]

Ground transport

[edit]

The main entrance to Jomo Kenyatta International Airport is on Airport South Road, which can be accessed by an exit from the A109 highway (Mombasa Road). The new 2022 expressway can connect travellers to the airport with no turns or traffic from the city.[citation needed]

Passengers can also travel to and from the airport via city Bus Route Number 34.[citation needed]

On 7 December 2020, a rail link to central Nairobi went into operation.[104]

Accidents and incidents

[edit]
  • On 17 May 1989, a Boeing 707-330B operated by Somali Airlines aborted take-off and then overran the wet runway and crashed into a rice field. The plane had 70 passengers and crew on board, but no fatalities resulted. The airplane was damaged beyond repair.[110]
  • On 4 December 1990, a Boeing 707-321C freighter operated by Sudania Air Cargo struck an electricity pole 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) short of runway 06 and crashed in flames. Visibility was 500 metres (1,600 ft) in fog with a 30 metres (98 ft) cloud base. All 10 occupants on board died. The airplane was damaged beyond repair.[111]
  • On 2 July 2014, a Fokker 50 crashed after takeoff due to a mechanical failure, killing all four people on board.[112]
  • On 4 January 2015, a Fokker 50 carrying six people crashed after a landing gear failure. Of the six on board, no injuries were reported. Jomo Kenyatta Airport was temporarily closed and all flights were diverted to Moi International Airport, Mombasa.[113]

References

[edit]
  1. 1 2 "Air Transport" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 August 2025. Retrieved 19 December 2025.
  2. ↑ "Facts & Figures-Nairobi". Archived from the original on 6 January 2014.
  3. ↑ "Commercial Passenger Traffic by Airport" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 August 2025. Retrieved 19 December 2025.
  4. ↑ "Airport Ranking by Passengers" (PDF). Retrieved 19 December 2025.
  5. ↑ "Commercial Cargo & Mail Traffic by Airport" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 August 2025. Retrieved 19 December 2025.
  6. ↑ "Airport Ranking by Freight Traffic" (PDF). Retrieved 19 December 2025.
  7. ↑ "Nairobi Postal Code is 00100 - Complete List - 2023 [BEST]". Nashthuo.com. 19 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
  8. ↑ Pirie, Gordon (February 2021). Maina, Julius (ed.). "Nairobi's airports – windows on Kenya's colonial past and top-down planning". doi:10.64628/AAJ.yh6nv69uf.
  9. ↑ Elkins, Caroline (2014). Britain's Gulag - The Brutal End of Empire in Kenya. p. 187f. ISBN 978-1-847-92294-6.
  10. ↑ "Nairobi's New Airport" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 7 August 2013.
  11. ↑ "Nairobi Airports". Archived from the original on 10 June 2015. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  12. ↑ "Nairobi Airport Project". The World Bank. Archived from the original on 17 March 2014. Retrieved 7 August 2013.
  13. ↑ "Kenya Airport Authority concedes terminal 4 may not be ready until 2014". eTurboNews. 15 November 2012. Archived from the original on 14 May 2013. Retrieved 7 August 2013.
  14. ↑ Vision2030, Kenya. "Kenya Vision 2030 JKIA". Kenya Vision2030. Archived from the original on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 6 May 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  15. ↑ "Afdb JKIA Greenfield Terminal Environmental Impact Assessment" (PDF). Retrieved 6 May 2017.
  16. ↑ "Greenfield Terminal Project cancelled". The Star, Kenya. Archived from the original on 9 June 2017. Retrieved 6 May 2017.
  17. ↑ Heita, Desie (22 May 2017). "Air Namibia granted right to fly into US". New Era. Archived from the original on 22 May 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
  18. ↑ "JKIA achieves Category One Status". Archived from the original on 3 May 2017. Retrieved 6 May 2017.
  19. ↑ ""Kenya scrambles to limit economic fallout from massive airport fire", Los Angeles Times, reported by Nicholas Soi and Robyn Dixon, 7 August 2013". Los Angeles Times. 7 August 2013. Archived from the original on 8 August 2013. Retrieved 7 August 2013.
  20. ↑ Straziuso, Jason; Odula, Tom (7 August 2013). "Inferno roars through E. Africa's largest airport". The Pueblo Chieftain. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 11 May 2017.
  21. ↑ "JKIA Unit 4 set for August 2013 completion". 14 November 2012. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
  22. ↑ Dron, Alan (7 August 2013). "Fire breaks out at Nairobi airport". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 5 September 2013.
  23. 1 2 3 "Delayed response to JKIA inferno exposes Kenya's soft underbelly". 7 August 2013. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
  24. ↑ Straziuso, Jason; Odula, Tom (8 August 2013). "First responders looted Nairobi airport banks, shops while building burned". The Globe and Mail. Associated Press.
  25. ↑ Soi, Nicholas; Dixon, Robyn (8 August 2013). "In Nairobi's airport fire, looting and big tourism losses for Kenya". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 9 August 2013. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
  26. ↑ O'Keeffe, Niall (7 August 2013). "Fire closes Nairobi's Jomo Kenyatta airport". Flightglobal. London. Archived from the original on 11 August 2013.
  27. ↑ ""President Uhuru Kenyatta dismisses any acts of terrorism in Jomo Kenyatta International Airport fire," Standard Media, reported by PSCU, 9 August 2013". Archived from the original on 16 April 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  28. ↑ ""Fire guts Kenya's main airport, chokes regional gateway", Reuters, reported by Drazen Jorgic, 7 August 2013". Reuters. 7 August 2013. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 1 July 2017.
  29. ↑ "President Uhuru Kenyatta dismisses any acts of terrorism in Jomo Kenyatta International Airport fire". 9 August 2013. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
  30. ↑ Dron, Alan (8 August 2013). "Nairobi airport reopens after fire". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 25 September 2013.
  31. ↑ ""Nairobi Airport Terminal Building", Röder HTS Höcker, accessed 17 September 2015". Röder HTS. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 17 September 2015.
  32. ↑ "Passengers stranded amid strike at main Kenya airport". BBC. 11 September 2024. Retrieved 11 September 2024.
  33. 1 2 "Kenya aviation workers end strike that paralyzed airport operations in the capital". AP News. 1 September 2026. Archived from the original on 1 September 2026. Retrieved 3 September 2026.
  34. ↑ Muganda, Cy (17 February 2026). "KAA commends mediation efforts that ended airport workers' strike". People Daily. Archived from the original on 19 February 2026. Retrieved 1 September 2026.
  35. ↑ Ogetta, Daniel (30 August 2026). "Flights disrupted at JKIA as aviation workers resume strike". Daily Nation. Archived from the original on 30 August 2026. Retrieved 3 September 2026.
  36. ↑ "JKIA strike chaos: What happens to passengers when flights are delayed or cancelled?". The Star. 31 August 2026. Archived from the original on 2 September 2026. Retrieved 2 September 2026.
  37. 1 2 Obulutsa, George; Nzilani, Vincent Mumo (1 September 2026). "Kenya aviation workers end strike that disrupted flights, officials say". CNBC Africa. Archived from the original on 3 September 2026. Retrieved 2 September 2026.
  38. 1 2 "Facts and Figures – Nairobi". Kenya Airports Authority. 9 December 2012. Archived from the original on 6 January 2014. Retrieved 3 September 2026.
  39. ↑ Gachango, Rayhab (12 November 2014). "Kenya Airways unveils new luxurious lounges". Potentash. Retrieved 3 September 2026.
  40. ↑ Wairimu, Immaculate (16 December 2015). "Design firm feted for bringing out the best of Kenya in JKIA lounges". Daily Nation. Retrieved 3 September 2026.
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  102. ↑ "2020-Economic-Survey" (PDF).
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