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Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services

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Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
AbbreviationIPBES
Formation2012 (2012)
TypeIndependent intergovernmental platform
Legal statusActive
HeadquartersBonn, Germany
Members152
Chair
David Obura
Executive Secretary
Luthando Dziba
Multidisciplinary Expert Panel Co-Chair
Rafael Calderón Contreras
Multidisciplinary Expert Panel Co-Chair
Kyung Ah Koo
Websitewww.ipbes.net
icon Politics portal

The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) is an independent intergovernmental organization established by Governments in 2012 to strengthen the science-policy interface for biodiversity and ecosystem services for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, long-term human well-being and sustainable development.[1] It serves a similar role to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), though in addition to undertaking scientific assessments, IPBES also supports efforts to generate new knowledge, build capacity and promote the development and use of policy support tools.[2] In keeping with widespread linguistic convention, the acronym is officially pronounced as “ip-bes” — “ip” as in “hip” and “bes” as in “best”.[3]

In January 2026, the United States announced its withdrawal from the organization.[4]

Establishment and Meetings

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The platform was formally established following extensive international negotiations involving governments, scientists, and United Nations bodies.[5]

IPBES was created to strengthen the interface between scientific research and policymaking on biodiversity.[6]

In 2010 a resolution by the 65th session of the United Nations General Assembly urged the United Nations Environment Programme to convene a plenary meeting to establish IPBES.[7][8] In 2013 an initial conceptual framework was adopted for the prospective IPBES plenary.[8]

IPBES parties meet every one to two years in sessions designated as Plenaries.[9]

First Global Assessment (2019)

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From 29 April to 4 May 2019, representatives of the 132 IPBES members met in Paris, France, to discuss the Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services[10] and to adopt its summary for policymakers (SPM). On 6 May 2019, the 40-page document was released, aiming to empower policymakers with the knowledge and evidence to make better decisions when developing policies and taking actions for the benefit of humans and nature.[11][12]

The IPBES Conceptual Framework
• Explanation of arrows (dotted arrows = important, but not the main focus of IPBES):[13] [14] [15]
• Arrow 1 = A society's achievement of good quality of life directly influences institutions and governance systems and other indirect drivers
• Arrow 2 = Institutions and governance systems and other indirect drivers are the root causes of the direct anthropogenic drivers that affect nature
• Arrow 3 = Direct drivers of change are the immediate cause of changes in nature
• Arrow 4 = Direct drivers of change affect the supply of nature's contributions to people
• Arrows 5, 6, and 7 = Institutions and governance systems and other indirect drivers affect the interactions and balance between nature and anthropogenic assets
• Arrow 8 = Nature's contributions to people affect how people achieve a good quality of life
• Arrow 9 = Direct drivers of change can have direct impacts on the quality of life
• Arrow 10 = Anthropogenic assets directly affect the possibility of achieving a good quality of life through the provision of and access to food, water, energy and livelihood security; health, social relationships, equity, spirituality, and cultural identity

2020 report

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On October 29, 2020, the organization issued a preliminary report through Zenodo on its workshop, held virtually on 27–31 July 2020,[16] that proposes a plan for international cooperation to lower risks for pandemics. Lowering the frequency and severity of pandemics through the implementation of worldwide policies is the objective of the organization. An article on the report was published by Medical News Today on November 7, 2020, that explicates information in the report.[17]

The report also emphasized that preventing pandemics through biodiversity conservation and reduced environmental degradation is more cost-effective than responding after outbreaks occur. [18]

Nature's contributions to people

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Nature's Contributions to People (NCPs): Mapping of the 18 NCP reporting categories used in IPBES assessments by group
[15]

The 5th IPBES Plenary in 2017 noted that the concept of nature's contributions to people would be used in current and future IPBES assessments. The concept of “nature's contributions to people” has since replaced the use of the phrase “nature's benefits to people” that had been used in the conceptual framework as initially adopted in 2013. This change was met with objection from some scientists, who worried that the new term would be confusing and that NCPs were not significantly different from ecosystem services.[19]

The concept of nature's contributions to people was introduced to better incorporate diverse worldviews, including indigenous and local knowledge systems, into biodiversity assessments.[20]

Cooperation with IPCC

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In June 2021, IPBES and IPCC released a co-sponsored workshop report on biodiversity and climate change. The workshop produced a summary report covering outcomes,[21] and a 250-page scientific outcome report.[22]

Tackling either climate change or biodiversity loss in isolation can result in ineffective or incomplete solutions, since the two issues are deeply interconnected. Efforts to address one problem may inadvertently exacerbate the other, if their links are overlooked. Therefore, integrating both challenges is crucial for creating strategies that are both effective and sustainable.[23]

Major published assessments

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  • Pollination[24]
  • Scenarios and models[25]
  • Regional assessments[26]
  • Land degradation and restoration[27]
  • Values assessment[28]
  • Sustainable use of wild species[29]
  • Invasive alien species[30]
  • Nexus[31]
  • Transformative Change[32]
  • Business and Biodiversity Report: Methodological assessment of the impact and dependence of business on biodiversity and nature's contributions to people[33]

Upcoming assessments

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  • Monitoring assessment: A methodological assessment on monitoring biodiversity and nature's contributions to people[34]
  • Spatial planning and connectivity assessment[35]
  • Second global assessment: The second global assessment of biodiversity and ecosystem services[36]

IPBES 11 (2024)

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Nexus Assessment

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The Nexus Assessment is a landmark new report by IPBES was approved on 17 December 2024. It looks at how biodiversity, water, food and health are all connected, and it's the most ambitious scientific assessment of these links ever done. It also looks at more than five dozen different ways to deal with the problem, to make the most of the benefits across the five 'nexus elements': biodiversity, water, food, health and climate change.[37]

Transformative Change Assessment

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The IPBES Assessment Report on the Underlying Causes of Biodiversity Loss and the Determinants of Transformative Change and Options for Achieving the 2050 Vision for Biodiversity – also known as the Transformative Change Assessment – was approved on 18 December 2024. It builds on the 2019 IPBES Global Assessment Report, which found that the only way to achieve global development goals is through transformative change.[38]

Awards

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Gulbenkian Prize for Humanity (2022)

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In October 2022, the IPBES and the IPCC shared the Gulbenkian Prize for Humanity, because the two intergovernmental organisations "produce scientific knowledge, alert society, and inform decision-makers to make better choices for combatting climate change and the loss of biodiversity". [39]

Blue Planet Prize (2024)

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The Blue Planet Prize is awarded annually to individuals and organisations that have demonstrated exceptional accomplishments in scientific research and its practical applications.[40] These achievements have contributed to the identification of solutions to pressing global environmental challenges.

The 2024 laureates include the IPBES, recognised as "the leading global authority on the state of knowledge and science about biodiversity, ecosystem services and nature's contributions to people". [41]

See also

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References

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  1. ↑ "Report of the second session of the plenary meeting to determine modalities and institutional arrangements for an intergovernmental science-policy platform on biodiversity and ecosystem services". IPBES Secretariat. 2012-05-18. Retrieved 2026-07-23. {{cite web}}: |archive-url= is malformed: flag (help); line feed character in |title= at position 66 (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  2. ↑ "Work programme | IPBES secretariat". IPBES secretariat. Archived from the original on 2026-01-13. Retrieved 2026-07-23.
  3. ↑ "Communication, stakeholder engagement and strategic partnerships". ipbes.net. March 7, 2017. Retrieved January 8, 2025.
  4. ↑ ""Withdrawing the United States from International Organizations, Conventions, and Treaties that Are Contrary to the Interests of the United States"". White House. 2026-01-07. Retrieved 2026-07-23.
  5. ↑ "IPCC — Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change". Retrieved 2026-03-19.
  6. ↑ "About | IPBES secretariat". IPBES secretariat. Archived from the original on 2026-01-18. Retrieved 2026-03-19.
  7. ↑ Vadrot, Alice B. M.; Rankovic, Aleksandar; Lapeyre, Renaud; Aubert, Pierre-Marie; Laurans, Yann (1 March 2018). "Why are social sciences and humanities needed in the works of IPBES? A systematic review of the literature". Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research. 31 (Suppl 1): 78–100. doi:10.1080/13511610.2018.1443799. ISSN 1351-1610. PMC 5898424. PMID 29706803.
  8. 1 2 Duraiappah, Anantha Kumar; Rogers, Deborah (September 2011). "The Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: opportunities for the social sciences". Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research. 24 (3): 217–224. doi:10.1080/13511610.2011.592052. ISSN 1351-1610. S2CID 143298612.
  9. ↑ "Plenary | IPBES secretariat". IPBES secretariat. Archived from the original on 2026-01-13. Retrieved 2026-02-11.
  10. ↑ "Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services". IPBES. 2019. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022. Retrieved December 6, 2020.
  11. ↑ "Media Release: Nature's Dangerous Decline 'Unprecedented'; Species Extinction Rates 'Accelerating'". IPBES. 5 May 2019. Retrieved 6 May 2019.
  12. ↑ "Nature's decline 'unprecedented' in human history: 1 million species threatened with extinction". Radboud University. Archived from the original on 2021-07-12. Retrieved 2019-06-28.
  13. ↑ IPBES (2013). Conceptual framework for the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (Report). Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. IPBES-2/4.
  14. ↑ Díaz, Sandra; Demissew, Sebsebe (June 2015). "The IPBES Conceptual Framework — connecting nature and people". Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. 14: 1–16. Bibcode:2015COES...14....1D. doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2014.11.002. hdl:11336/56765. ISSN 1877-3435.
  15. 1 2 Díaz, Sandra; Pascual, Pascual (January 2018). "Assessing nature's contributions to people". Science. 359 (6373): 270–272. Bibcode:2018Sci...359..270D. doi:10.1126/science.aap8826. hdl:10289/12219. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 29348221. S2CID 13689076.
  16. ↑ Daszak, Peter; das Neves, C.; Amuasi, J.; Hayman, D.; Kuiken, T.; Roche, B.; Zambrana-Torrelio, C.; Buss, P.; Dundarova, H.; Feferholtz, Y.; Foldvari, G.; Igbinosa, E.; Junglen, S.; Liu, Q.; Suzan, G.; Uhart, M.; Wannous, C.; Woolaston, K.; Mosig Reidl, P.; O'Brien, K.; Pascual, U.; Stoett, P.; Li, H.; Ngo, H. T., Workshop Report on Biodiversity and Pandemics of the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), Zenodo, October 29, 2020
  17. ↑ Huzar, Timothy, International report lays out plan to 'escape from the pandemic era'[permanent dead link], Medical News Today, November 7, 2020
  18. ↑ "IPBES #PandemicsReport: Escaping the 'Era of Pandemics'". IPBES secretariat. 2020-10-19. Archived from the original on 2026-03-02. Retrieved 2026-03-29.
  19. ↑ De Groot, R., Costanza, R., et al. (2018). RE: Ecosystem Services are Nature's Contributions to People, Science, 359(6373), 2018, p. 270-272. e-letters. https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC110922
  20. ↑ "Science". AAAS. doi:10.1126/science.aap8826. Retrieved 2026-03-29.
  21. ↑ IPBES (2021). IPBES-IPCC co-sponsored workshop report on biodiversity and climate change; IPBES and IPCC (Report). doi:10.5281/zenodo.4782538.
  22. ↑ Pörtner, H.O.; Scholes, R.J.; Agard, J.; Archer, E.; Arneth, A.; Bai, X.; Barnes, D.; Burrows, M.; Chan, L.; Cheung, W.L.; Diamond, S.; Donatti, C.; Duarte, C.; Eisenhauer, N.; Foden, W.; Gasalla, M. A.; Handa, C.; Hickler, T.; Hoegh-Guldberg, O.; Ichii, K.; Jacob, U.; Insarov, G.; Kiessling, W.; Leadley, P.; Leemans, R.; Levin, L.; Lim, M.; Maharaj, S.; Managi, S.; Marquet, P. A.; McElwee, P.; Midgley, G.; Oberdorff, T.; Obura, D.; Osman, E.; Pandit, R.; Pascual, U.; Pires, A. P. F.; Popp, A.; ReyesGarcía, V.; Sankaran, M.; Settele, J.; Shin, Y. J.; Sintayehu, D. W.; Smith, P.; Steiner, N.; Strassburg, B.; Sukumar, R.; Trisos, C.; Val, A.L.; Wu, J.; Aldrian, E.; Parmesan, C.; Pichs-Madruga, R.; Roberts, D.C.; Rogers, A.D.; Díaz, S.; Fischer, M.; Hashimoto, S.; Lavorel, S.; Wu, N.; Ngo, H.T (2021). Scientific outcome of the IPBES-IPCC co-sponsored workshop on biodiversity and climate change (Report). doi:10.5281/zenodo.4659158.
  23. ↑ Hans-Otto, Pörtner. "IPBES-IPCC co-sponsored workshop report on biodiversity and climate change". Retrieved March 31, 2026.
  24. ↑ "Assessment Report on Pollinators, Pollination and Food Production | IPBES secretariat".
  25. ↑ "Scenarios and models assessment | IPBES secretariat".
  26. ↑ "Regional/Subregional assessments on biodiversity and ecosystem services | IPBES secretariat".
  27. ↑ "Assessment Report on Land Degradation and Restoration | IPBES secretariat".
  28. ↑ "Methodological assessment regarding the diverse conceptualization of multiple values of nature and its benefits, including biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services | IPBES secretariat".
  29. ↑ "Assessment report on the sustainable use of wild species | IPBES secretariat".
  30. ↑ "Thematic Assessment Report on Invasive Alien Species and their Control | IPBES secretariat".
  31. ↑ "Thematic Assessment Report on the Interlinkages among Biodiversity, Water, Food and Health | IPBES secretariat". IPBES secretariat. Archived from the original on 2025-06-22. Retrieved 2025-11-05.
  32. ↑ "Thematic assessment of the underlying causes of biodiversity loss and the determinants of transformative change and options for achieving the 2050 Vision for Biodiversity | IPBES secretariat". IPBES secretariat. Archived from the original on 2025-04-13. Retrieved 2025-11-05.
  33. ↑ "Business and biodiversity assessment | IPBES secretariat".
  34. ↑ "Monitoring assessment | IPBES secretariat".
  35. ↑ "Spatial planning and connectivity assessment | IPBES secretariat". IPBES secretariat. Archived from the original on 2025-04-11. Retrieved 2025-11-05.
  36. ↑ "Second global assessment of biodiversity and ecosystem services | IPBES secretariat".
  37. ↑ "Media Release: IPBES Nexus Assessment". IPBES secretariat. 16 December 2024.
  38. ↑ "Media Release: IPBES Transformative Change Assessment". IPBES secretariat. 18 December 2024.
  39. ↑ "2022 Gulbenkian Prize for Humanity distinguishes IPBES and IPCC". 13 October 2022. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
  40. ↑ "BLUE PLANET PRIZE". Science. 320 (5883): 1571–1571. 2008-06-20. doi:10.1126/science.320.5883.1571c. ISSN 0036-8075.
  41. ↑ "2024 (33rd) Blue Planet Prize Laureates". 13 March 2024. Retrieved 9 January 2025.
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