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Nalagarh State

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Nalagarh State
नालागढ़ (Hindi)
1100–1948
GovernmentHereditary monarchy
Raja 
• 1100–1171
Ajai Chand (first)
• 1946–1948
Surendra Singh (last)
History 
• Founded
1100
August 1947
15 July 1948
Area
1931663.037 km2 (256.000 sq mi)
Population
• 1921
46,868
Today part ofHimachal Pradesh

Nalagarh State was a princely state in India during the British Raj. It formed part of the Punjab States Agency. It was also known as Hindur State.[1]

Area

[edit]

The state included around 331 villages and covered an area of approximately 256 square miles.[2][3] Two of these villages were in the state of Mahilog.[4]

Geography

[edit]
Map of Nalagarh State, divided into parganas

It was bounded on the north by Bilaspur and Hoshiarpur, on the east by Mahilog and Baghal, on the south by Patiala and the Kharar, and on the west by the Rupar.[4][5] It lay between 30°54′ and 31°14′ N., and 76°39′ and 76°56′ E.[4]

History

[edit]

Hindur was originally ruled by a Brahmin of the name of Handu.[4] When in the year 1100, Ajai Chand, the eldest son of Kahan Chand, the Raja of Bilaspur, lost his right to his father's throne to his younger brother Ajit Chand, he gathered an army and took a vow to create his own separate principality.[1][4] Accordingly, he decided to invade the dominions of Handu, and was welcomed in this endeavor by the people of Hindur, who were tired of Handu's unjust and cruel rule.[4] Handu, when he got to know that Ajai's force was near his border, attacked Ajai first with a larger army, but Ajai managed to defeat and kill him.[4] Afterwards, Ajai performed Handu funeral rites and provided for his family.[4] Ajai ruled his new-found kingdom until his death in 1171 and was succeeded by his son Bijai Chand, who at the time of his accession was four months old.[5] Bijai was known for his charitable disposition and for increasing the prosperity of his state.[5] When Bijai died in 1201, his son Dham Singh succeeded him as a minor.[5] Dham was followed by Bajrang Chand, Bajrang by Lachmann Chand, Lachmann by Utal Chand, Utal by Amar Chand, and Amar by Alam Chand.[5] During Alam's reign, the Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur invaded India and on his return in 1399 AD pitched his camp in the open field on the frontier of Hindur.[4][5] Seeing this, Alam at once repaired and provisioned his forts and, to avoid war, visited Timur in person and offered him a supply of provisions that Timur's army desperately needed.[4][5] Timur accepted his offer and left Hindur without causing it any harm.[4][5] Alam was followed by his son Udham Chand on the throne, and Udham in turn by his son Bikram Chand, who established the town of Nalagarh and shifted his capital there.[4][5] Over time, Nalagarh grew so much in importance that the state of Hindur came to be known as Nalagarh.[6] During the minority of Narain Chand, the Raja of Bilaspur at the instigation of Raja of Nurpur attacked Nalagarh.[6] To effect peace with him, Nalagarh had to surrender its seven forts, which were called Satghara Forts.[6] Narain's successor Ram Chand built the town of Ramshehar, which he made his summer capital, and also built a fort there.[6]

Following the lapse of British paramountcy in India, the then ruler of the state, Surinder Singh, acceded to the Dominion of India.[7] At the time, Surinder was granted by the Government of India a privy purse of Rs. 65,000 per annum, which was to be reduced to Rs. 45,000 per annum for his successors.[8] It was merged with seven other princely states to form the Patiala and East Punjab States Union.[9] This union was inaugurated by Vallabhbhai Patel on 15 July 1948.[9] On 6 September 1970, Surinder ceased to be recognised as the ruler of Nalagarh, after an order in this respect was issued by the President of India, using the powers vested in him through article 366(22) of the Constitution of India.[10]

Rulers

[edit]

The rulers of Nalagarh represented the elder branch of the family that ruled Bilaspur and belonged to Candravaṃśa who hailed from Chanderi.[5][11] The ruler was a Rajput of the Chandel family.[12] The ruler enjoyed unrestricted powers except that death sentences passed by him required the confirmation of the superintendent of Hill States.[12] The ruler ranked third in order of precedence among the rulers of Hill States, and eleventh amongst rulers of the Punjab States.[12] The ruler was also entitled to be received by the Viceroy and Governor-General of India.[13]

Rulers were:

Ruler Life Reign Note(s) Reference(s)
Name Portrait Birth Death Start Date End Date
Raja of Hindur
Ajai Chand 1100 1171 [5][14]
Bijai Chand 1171 1201 Greatly increased the internal prosperity of the state.
Dham Chand 1201 1236
Bairang Chand 1236 1276
Lachmann Chand 1276 1306
Utal Chand 1306 1316
Jaimal Chand 1316 1338
Amar Chand 1338 1356
Alam Chand 1406 1356 1406
Udham Chand 1406 1421
Raja of Nalagarh
Bikram Chand 1421 1435 Established his capital at Nalagarh.
Kidar Chand 1435 1448
Jai Chand 1448 1477
Narain Chand 1477 1522
Ram Chand 1522 1568
Sansar Chand 1568 1618
Dharm Chand 1618 1701
Himmat Chand 1701 1705
Bhup Chand 1705 1761
Man Chand 1761 1762
Gaje Chand 1762 1788
Ram Saran Singh 1762 1848 1788 1848
Bije Singh 1857 1848 1857
Agar Singh 1804 1876 1860 1876
Ishri Singh 1836 18 September 1911 1876 1911
Jogendra Singh 1877 1946 1911 1946
Surendra Singh 13 January 1922 5 May 1971 1946 5 May 1971
Vijayendra Singh 26 June 1946 5 May 1971 present

Title and style

[edit]

The ruler, or the head of the family, bears the title of Raja, his wife that of Rani, and his heir-apparent that of Tikka.[5]

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. 1 2 Chaitanya, Krishna (1976). A History of Indian Painting. Abhinav Publications. pp. 101–105.
  2. ↑ Aitchison, C.U. (1931). A Collection of Treaties, Engagements and Sanads Relating to India and Neighbouring Countries. Vol. I. Calcutta: Government of India Central Publication Branch. pp. 16–17.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  3. ↑ Chakrabarti, Jadab Chandra (1895). The Native States of India. Shaw. p. 13.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Punjab (India) (1935). Punjab State Gazetteers: pt. A. Simla Hill States. Superintendent, Government Printing. pp. 1, 4–9.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Brentnall, Mark (2004). The Princely and Noble Families of the Former Indian Empire: Himachal Pradesh. Indus Publishing. pp. 254–258. ISBN 978-81-7387-163-4.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Harpreet Kaur (1981). History of Nalagarh State. pp. 26, 28–30.
  7. ↑ Nijjar, Bakhshish Singh (1996). History of the United Panjab. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 58. ISBN 978-81-7156-536-8.
  8. ↑ S.L. Poplai (1959). INDIA 1947-50 volume one internal affairs. Internet Archive. pp. 184–185.268, 271.
  9. 1 2 Experts, Arihant (4 June 2019). Know Your State Punjab. Arihant Publications India limited. p. 200. ISBN 978-93-131-6766-2.
  10. ↑ Government of India (19 September 1970). Union Government, Weekly, 1970-09-19, Part II-Section 3-Sub-Section(i), Ref. 1342. p. 3372.
  11. ↑ Khosla, K.R.; Chatterjee, R.P. (1937). His Imperial Majesty King George V and the Princes of India and the Indian Empire (Historical-Biographical). Lahore: The Imperial Publishing Co. p. 194.
  12. 1 2 3 Memoranda on Native States in India, Together with a List of Independent Ruling Chiefs, Chiefs of Frontier States, and Other Notables with Their Proper Forms of Address. Superintendent Government Print., India. 1911. p. 302.
  13. ↑ Conran, W.L; Craik, H.D. (1910). Chiefs and Families of Note in the Punjab: A Revised Edition of “The Punjab Chiefs,” and of "Chiefs and Families of Note in the Punjab”. Vol. II. Lahore: Civil and Military Gazette Press. pp. 452–454.
  14. ↑ Soszynski, Henry. "NALAGARH". members.iinet.net.au. Archived from the original on 14 August 2017. Retrieved 9 May 2026.
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