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Isotopes of fluorine

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Fluorine-28)

Isotopes of fluorine (9F)
Main isotopes[1] Decay
Isotope abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
17F synth 64.37 s β+ 17O
18F trace 109.734 min β+ 18O
19F 100% stable
Standard atomic weight Ar°(F)

Fluorine (9F) has 19 known isotopes ranging from 13
F to 31
F and two isomers (18m
F and 26m
F). Only fluorine-19 is stable and naturally occurring in more than trace quantities; therefore, fluorine is a monoisotopic and a mononuclidic element.

The longest-lived radioisotope is 18
F with a half-life of 109.734 minutes, followed by 17
F with 64.37 seconds. These unstable isotopes participate in the CNO cycle within stars. All other fluorine isotopes have half-lives of less than 12 seconds, and most of those less than 1/2 second.

List of isotopes

[edit]
Nuclide
[n 1]		 Z N Isotopic mass (Da)[4]
[n 2][n 3]		 Discovery
year[5][6]		 Half-life[1]
[n 4]		 Decay
mode[1]
[n 5]		 Daughter
isotope
[n 6]		 Spin and
parity[1]
[n 7][n 4]		 Isotopic
abundance
Excitation energy
13
F[7]		 9 4 13.045120(540)# 2021 p ? 12
O		 1/2+#
14
F		 9 5 14.034320(40) 2010 500(60) ys
[910(100) keV]		 p ? 13
O		 2−
15
F		 9 6 15.017785(15) 1978 1.1(3) zs
[376 keV]		 p 14
O		 1/2+
16
F		 9 7 16.011460(6) 1964 21(5) zs
[21.3(5.1) keV]		 p 15
O		 0−
17
F[n 8]		 9 8 17.00209524(27) 1934 64.370(27) s β+ 17
O		 5/2+
18
F[n 9]		 9 9 18.0009373(5) 1937 109.734(8) min β+ 18
O		 1+ Trace
18m
F		 1121.36(15) keV 1959 162(7) ns IT 18
F		 5+
19
F		 9 10 18.998403162067(883) 1920 Stable 1/2+ 1.0000
20
F		 9 11 19.99998125(3) 1935 11.0062(80) s β− 20
Ne		 2+
21
F		 9 12 20.9999489(19) 1955 4.158(20) s β− 21
Ne		 5/2+
22
F		 9 13 22.002999(13) 1965 4.23(4) s β− (> 89%) 22
Ne		 (4+)
β−n (< 11%) 21
Ne
23
F		 9 14 23.003530(40) 1970 2.23(14) s β− (> 86%) 23
Ne		 5/2+
β−n (< 14%) 22
Ne
24
F		 9 15 24.008100(100) 1970 384(16) ms β− (> 94.1%) 24
Ne		 3+
β−n (< 5.9%) 23
Ne
25
F		 9 16 25.012170(100) 1970 80(9) ms β− (76.9(4.5)%) 25
Ne		 (5/2+)
β−n (23.1(4.5)%) 24
Ne
β−2n ? 23
Ne ?
26
F		 9 17 26.020050(110) 1979 8.2(9) ms β− (86.5(4.0)%) 26
Ne		 1+
β−n (13.5(4.0)%) 25
Ne
β−2n ? 24
Ne ?
26m
F		 643.4(1) keV 2013 2.2(1) ms IT (82(11)%) 26
F		 (4+)
β−n (12(8)%) 25
Ne
β− ? 26
Ne ?
27
F		 9 18 27.026980(130) 1981 5.0(2) ms β−n (77(21)%) 26
Ne		 5/2+#
β− (23(21)%) 27
Ne
β−2n ? 25
Ne ?
28
F		 9 19 28.035860(130) 2012 46 zs n 27
F		 (4−)
29
F		 9 20 29.043100(560) 1989 2.5(3) ms β−n (60(40)%) 28
Ne		 (5/2+)
β− (40(40)%) 29
Ne
β−2n ? 27
Ne ?
30
F[8]		 9 21 30.05256(54)# 2024 0.96+0.56
−0.41 zs		 n 29
F
31
F		 9 22 31.06020(570)# 1999 2 ms# [> 260 ns] β− ? 31
Ne ?		 5/2+#
β−n ? 30
Ne ?
β−2n ? 29
Ne ?
This table header & footer:
  1. ↑ mF – Excited nuclear isomer.
  2. ↑ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
  3. ↑ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
  4. 1 2 # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
  5. ↑ Modes of decay:
    EC:Electron capture
    IT:Isomeric transition
    n:Neutron emission
    p:Proton emission
  6. ↑ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
  7. ↑ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
  8. ↑ Intermediate product of various CNO cycles in stellar nucleosynthesis as part of the process producing helium from hydrogen
  9. ↑ Has medicinal uses

Fluorine-18

[edit]

Of the unstable nuclides of fluorine, 18
F has the longest half-life, 109.734(8) min. It decays to 18
O via β+ decay. For this reason 18
F is a commercially important source of positrons. Its major value is in the production of the radiopharmaceutical fludeoxyglucose, used in positron emission tomography in medicine.

Fluorine-18 is the second lightest unstable nuclide (after beryllium-8, with 4 protons and 4 neutrons) with equal numbers of protons and neutrons and lightest such with an odd atomic number, having 9 of each. (See also the parity discussion of nuclide stability.)[9]

Fluorine-19

[edit]

Fluorine-19 is the only stable isotope of fluorine. Its abundance is 100%; no other isotopes of fluorine exist in significant quantities. Its binding energy is 147801.3648(38) keV. Fluorine-19 is NMR-active with a spin of 1/2+, so it is used in fluorine-19 NMR spectroscopy.

Isomers

[edit]

Only two nuclear isomers (long-lived excited nuclear states), fluorine-18m and fluorine-26m, have been characterized. The half-life of 18m
F before it undergoes isomeric transition is 162(7) nanoseconds. This is less than the decay half-life of any of the particle-bound fluorine radioisotope nuclear ground states. The half-life of 26m
F is 2.2(1) milliseconds; it decays mainly to its ground state of 26
F or (rarely, via beta-minus decay) to one of high excited states of 26
Ne with delayed neutron emission.

See also

[edit]

Daughter products other than fluorine

References

[edit]
  1. 1 2 3 4 Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3) 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
  2. ↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Fluorine". CIAAW. 2021.
  3. ↑ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
  4. ↑ Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3) 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.
  5. ↑ FRIB Nuclear Data Group. "Discovery of Nuclides Project, Isotope Database". doi:10.11578/frib/2279152.
  6. ↑ FRIB Nuclear Data Group. "Discovery of Nuclides Project, Isomer Database". doi:10.11578/frib/2572219.
  7. ↑ Charity, R. J. (2 April 2021). "Observation of the Exotic Isotope 13 F Located Four Neutrons beyond the Proton Drip Line". Physical Review Letters. 126 (13) 132501: 2501. Bibcode:2021PhRvL.126m2501C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.132501. OSTI 1773500. PMID 33861136. S2CID 233259561. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  8. ↑ Kahlbow, J.; et al. (SAMURAI21-NeuLAND Collaboration) (2024-08-23). "Magicity versus Superfluidity around 28O viewed from the Study of 30F". Physical Review Letters. 133 (8) 082501. arXiv:2407.19303. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.082501. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 39241734.
  9. ↑ National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 3.0 database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.

Sources

[edit]
  • Chisté, V.; Bé, M. M. (2011). "F-18" (PDF). In Bé, M. M.; Coursol, N.; Duchemin, B.; Lagoutine, F.; et al. (eds.). Table de radionucléides (Report). CEA (Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives), LIST, LNE-LNHB (Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel/Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 August 2020. Retrieved 15 June 2011.
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