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1,3-Butanediol

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(Redirected from E1502)

1,3-Butanediol
Skeletal formula of 1,3-butanediol
Skeletal formula of 1,3-butanediol
Ball and stick model of 1,3-butanediol (S)
Ball and stick model of 1,3-butanediol (S)
Spacefill model of 1,3-butanediol (S)
Spacefill model of 1,3-butanediol (S)
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Butane-1,3-diol
Other names
1,3-butylene glycol, butane-1,3-diol, or 1,3-dihydroxybutane; Ketohol
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
1731276

1718944 (R)
1718943 (S)

ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
DrugBank
ECHA InfoCard 100.003.209 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 203-529-7
E number E1502 (additional chemicals)
2409

2493173 (R)
1994384 (S)

KEGG
MeSH 1,3-Butylene+glycol
RTECS number
  • EK0440000
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C4H10O2/c1-4(6)2-3-5/h4-6H,2-3H2,1H3 X markN
    Key: PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N X markN
  • CC(O)CCO
Properties
C4H10O2
Molar mass 90.122 g·mol−1
Appearance Colourless liquid
Density 1.0053 g cm−3
Melting point −50 °C (−58 °F; 223 K)
Boiling point 204 to 210 °C; 399 to 410 °F; 477 to 483 K
1 kg dm−3
log P −0.74
Vapor pressure 8 Pa (at 20 °C)
1.44
Thermochemistry
227.2 J K−1 mol−1
−501 kJ mol−1
−2.5022 MJ mol−1
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS07: Exclamation mark
Warning
H319, H413
P305+P351+P338
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g. turpentineFlammability 1: Must be pre-heated before ignition can occur. Flash point over 93 °C (200 °F). E.g. canola oilInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
1
1
0
Flash point 108 °C (226 °F; 381 K)
394 °C (741 °F; 667 K)
Related compounds
Related butanediol
 1,2-Butanediol

1,4-Butanediol
2,3-Butanediol

Related compounds
 2-Methylpentane
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
X markN verify (what is checkYX markN ?)

1,3-Butanediol (also 1,3-butylene glycol) is an organic compound with the formula C4H10O2 (CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2OH).[1][2] It is one of four structural isomers of butanediol.[1][3]

With two alcohol functional groups, the molecule is classified as a secondary alcohol and diol.[1][2] Without the R (or D) designation, it is racemic. It is a colorless, bittersweet, water-soluble liquid.[2]

1,3-Butanediol is commonly used as a deodorizer and as a solvent for additives that flavor foods.[1][4] In resin manufacturing, it is a chemical intermediate for making polyurethane and polyesters.[1]

Synthesis

[edit]

It can be manufactured by the aldol condensation of acetaldehyde, then by catalytic hydrogenation.[4]

Hydrogenation of 3-hydroxybutanal gives 1,3-butanediol:[5]

CH3CH(OH)CH2CHO + H2 → CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2OH

Dehydration of 1,3-butanediol gives 1,3-butadiene:

CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2OH → CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + 2 H2O

Manufactured 1,3-butanediol is flammable.[1]

Occurrence

[edit]

1,3-Butanediol is present in bell peppers (Capsicum annuum).[1]

Uses and research

[edit]

It is used as an air freshener, flavor ingredient in foods, animal foods, and in handicrafts.[1] It is recognized as a safe food ingredient in the United States.[4]

1,3-Butanediol is under preliminary research for its potential use in recovery from intense exercise, although its high cost of production is a barrier to general adoption for this purpose.[6]

It is considered to be a potential oral exogenous ketone agent for treating brain mechanisms influencing weight loss in anorexia nervosa.[7]

References

[edit]
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "1,3-Butanediol". PubChem, US National Library of Medicine. 22 August 2026. Retrieved 30 August 2026.
  2. 1 2 3 "Metabocard for 1,3-Butanediol". Human Metabolome Database, The Metabolomics Innovation Centre, Canada Foundation for Innovation. 2026. HMDB0031320. Retrieved 30 August 2026.
  3. ↑ Gräfje H, Körnig W, Weitz H, et al. (2019). "Butanediols, Butenediol, and Butynediol". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. pp. 1–12. doi:10.1002/14356007.a04_455.pub2. ISBN 978-3-527-30673-2.
  4. 1 2 3 "1,3-Butylene glycol (1,3-butanediol)". Part 172.712, Food and Drug Administration, US Code of Federal Regulations. 29 July 2016. Retrieved 31 August 2026.
  5. ↑ Kohlpaintner C, Schulte M, Falbe J, et al. (2008). "Aldehydes, Aliphatic". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a01_321.pub2. ISBN 978-3527306732.
  6. ↑ Egan B (November 2025). "Acute and Intermittent Exogenous Ketosis to Support Recovery From Exercise and Adaptations to Exercise Training: A Narrative Review". Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. 35 (11) e70158. doi:10.1111/sms.70158. PMC 12614059. PMID 41231045.
  7. ↑ Micali N, Miletta MC, Clemmensen C, et al. (October 2025). "Providing alternative fuel for the brain in anorexia nervosa: a review of the literature on ketones and their effects on metabolism and the brain". Translational Psychiatry. 15 (1): 412. doi:10.1038/s41398-025-03591-1. PMC 12534556. PMID 41107257.
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