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Flora of Florida

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Lower Green Swamp Preserve in Plant City, Florida
Emerson Point Preserve in Palmetto, Florida

The Flora of Florida includes species that grow in the Florida panhandle and peninsular Florida including various endemics. There are more than 4,000 native and naturalized plants in the state.[1] Florida is the third most floristically diverse state in the United States.[2] Hundreds of Florida's plant species are endangered or threatened.[3]

The genus Coreopsis is the state wildflower.[4]

Geography

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Florida borders the Atlantic Ocean on its east coast and the Gulf of Mexico on its west coast and south of the Florida panhandle. Florida has extensive coastline with areas of mangrove, sea grape, dunes, beaches, and barrier islands. The state is relatively flat and has a rainy season during which hurricanes occur. The state has extensive wetland areas including saltmarsh and areas of freshwater. Habitats include bayswamp, coastland strand, cypress swamp, pineland, sandhill, scrub, dry prairie, and bottomland.[5]

Geology

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Once part of Gondwana, sediments from the Appalachian mountains established the above water lands of Florida (Geology of Florida).

Much of Florida was formerly under water.[6]

History

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Florida fauna formerly included megalodon sharks and later to mammoth, mastodon, glyptodon, giant sloth, horses, camel, and saber-tooth tiger, jaguar, wolves, and other species (List of the prehistoric life of Florida).[7]

Various indigenous peoples lives in what is now Florida. Botanists who explored Florida include John Bartram in 1765 and his American born son William Bartram.

Organizations

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There is a Florida Native Plant Society.[8] It manages a databse of Florida's plants.[9]

Literature

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Rare tropical trees of south Florida, readable pdf

A Bibliography of South Florida Botany by Lloyd L. Loope was published in 1980.[10] Books on Florida's plants include the Guide to the Vascular Plants of Florida by Richard P. Wunderlin and Bruce F. Hansen.[11]

Protected areas

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Federal, state, and local jurisdictions lanage protected areas in Florida.[12] There are 176 Florida state parks as well as properties managed by regional water management districts. The endemic Torreya taxifolia are at Torreya State Park.

Florida is home to panther, bobcat, turkey, coyote, gooher tortoise, bear, snook, alligator, crocodile, manatee, butterflies, beetles, cicada, and many other species that depend on its habitats.

Plants

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Agriculture in Florida includes various fruit trees such as orange, grapefruit, pomelo, kumquat, loquat, mango, lychee, dragonfruit, and papaya.[13] Various berries are also grown in the state. The orange blossom (Citrus sinensis) is the state flower. Cabbage palm, Spanish moss, and longleaf pine have also been historically inportant in the state.[14] Species of Asimina, cacti, orchid, and palm are significant.

Species of milkweed in Florida are important host plants for butterflies. Coontie (Zamia integrifolia) is the host plant for the Atala butterfly (Eumaeus atala).

Endemic plants

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There are about 230 endemic plant species in Florida.[1] There are entries on 141 endemic plant species on Wikipedia.

Invasives

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Invasive plant species include cogongrass, hydrilla, Brazilian pepper,[15] Caesar weed, melaleuca, and air potato.[16]

See also

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References

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  1. 1 2 "Plant Atlas". florida.plantatlas.usf.edu.
  2. ↑ "Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants (University of South Florida) | City of Tampa". www.tampa.gov. May 26, 2021.
  3. ↑ Services, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer. "Florida's Endangered Plants - Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services". www.fdacs.gov.
  4. ↑ "State Wildflower - Florida Department of State". dos.fl.gov.
  5. ↑ "Habitats". Florida Fish And Wildlife Conservation Commission.
  6. ↑ "Florida's Geologic History and Formations | Florida Department of Environmental Protection". floridadep.gov.
  7. ↑ "Fossil Species of Florida". Florida Vertebrate Fossils.
  8. ↑ "Leader in Florida Native Plant Conservation | FNPS".
  9. ↑ "FNPS Native Plant Database | Search Florida Plants".
  10. ↑ Loope, Lloyd L. (October 5, 1980). "A Bibliography of South Florida Botany". U.S. National Park Service, South Florida Research Center, Everglades National Park – via Google Books.
  11. ↑ Wunderlin, Richard P.; Hansen, Bruce F. (October 5, 2011). "Guide to the Vascular Plants of Florida". University Press of Florida – via Google Books.
  12. ↑ "Conservation Lands - Florida Natural Areas Inventory". www.fnai.org.
  13. ↑ Services, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer. ""Fresh From Florida" Tropical Fruit - Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services". www.fdacs.gov.
  14. ↑ Vinson, Alyssa (February 15, 2022). "Florida's Fab Five: Plants".
  15. ↑ "Invasive Species in Florida: Identifying and Managing Harmful Plants and Animals". www.swfwmd.state.fl.us.
  16. ↑ "Eight invasive plant species to watch out for in Florida". Florida Today.
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