Chun of Old Chosŏn
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| Chun of Gojoseon | |||||||
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| Chinese name | |||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 準王 | ||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 准王 | ||||||
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| Korean name | |||||||
| Hangul | 준왕 | ||||||
| Hanja | 準王 | ||||||
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Chun (Korean: 준왕; Hanja: 準王) was the last king of Old Chosŏn or in some scenarios, Kija Chosŏn. He was forcibly succeeded by Wiman (Weiman), whose usurpation of the throne began the dynasty of Wiman Chosŏn of Old Chosŏn.[1][2][3][4][5]
Identity
[edit]The genealogy of King Chun is currently disputed by modern historians. In native Korean records, there is no mention of a name "Chun" that ruled over Old Chosŏn.
In Chinese accounts such as the Book of the Later Han, it states that Chun was the last king of Kija Chosŏn, a possible second dynasty that began after Kija (Jizi) founded the dynasty.
Usurpation by Wiman
[edit]According to the Chinese text Book of the Later Han, Wiman entered Old Chosŏn as a refugee, and submitted to King Chun. Chun granted Wiman's request to serve as a commander of the western borders.
The Book of the Later Han describes Wiman revolting against King Chun's Kija Chosŏn, and successfully usurping the throne to found his new dynasty, the Wiman Chosŏn.
Alleged exile to Mahan confederacy
[edit]Sometime around 194–193 BCE after Wiman's revolt, King Chun and his followers headed down into the southern part of the Korean peninsula. According to the myth, the Mahan confederacy was founded and King Chun became its first sovereign.
However, the original source, the Book of the Later Han's claim did not clearly state which kingdom of Korea King Chun established, with it being described as the "King of Han (韓王)". It was only associated with Mahan based on later assumptions such as geographical proximity.
Currently, historians from both Koreas (North and South) suspect an attempt of sinicization (similar to Jinhan with Qin dynasty; see Jinhan confederacy's misconceptions) and reject the existence of Jizi (Kija) and Kija Chosŏn within history of Korea,[6][7] thus in turn, rejecting the stories found about King Chun (the supposed last ruler of Kija Chosŏn) and his alleged exile to Mahan confederacy. Since Wiman Chosŏn's existence is considered more likely than Kija Chosŏn, and that Wiman did overthrow the previous dynasty, it is deduced that a king of the original dynasty (Old Chosŏn) met the same demise as Chun and may have been exiled as well.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ↑ Peterson & Margulies 2009, p. 6: "The term was used again by a refugee from the Han dynasty named Wiman, who about 200 B.C.E. set up a kingdom in Korea called Wiman Choson."
- ↑ Cotterell 2011, Imperial Crisis: The Failure of the Later Han: "The earliest documented event in Korean history involves China. After an unsuccessful rising against the first Han emperor Gaozu, the defeated rebels sought refuge beyond the imperial frontier and one of them Wiman, took control of Choson, a Korean state in the north of the peninsula."
- ↑ Kim 2012, p. 10: "For instance, Wiman, a refugee from the Yan dynasty, which then existed around present-day Beijing, led his band of more than 1,000 followers into exile in Old Chosŏn in the early second century bc."
- ↑ Tennant 1996, p. 18: "Retaliation by the Han then brought in refugees from Yan, the most notable of whom was a war lord, Weiman ('Wiman'in Korean), who somewhere about 200 BC led his followers into the territory held by Choson."
- ↑ Xu 2007, p. 220: "Here, Wiman was described as a "Gu Yanren 故燕人"or a person from former Yan. It is confusing because there were two Yans around this period. The first was the Yan state, which was one of the seven states during the Warring States period, and the second was the vassal state of Yan of the Han dynasty."
- ↑ DBpia - 연구를 돕는 똑똑한 학술콘텐츠 플랫폼. Archived from the original on 2020-12-20. Retrieved 2010-11-20.
- ↑ Shim 2002, pp. 278–279
Bibliography
[edit]- Cotterell, Arthur (2011). Asia: A Concise History. Singapore: Wiley. ISBN 978-0470825044.
- Kim, Jinwung (2012). A History of Korea: From "Land of the Morning Calm" to States in Conflict. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0253000248.
- Peterson, Mark; Margulies, Phillip (2009). A Brief History of Korea. New York: Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4381-2738-5.
- Shim, Jae-hoon (2002), "A New Understanding of Kija Chosŏn as a Historical Anachronism", Journal of Asian Studies, 62 (2): 271–305, doi:10.2307/4126600, JSTOR 4126600.
- Tennant, Roger (1996). History Of Korea. Routledge. ISBN 978-0710305329.
- Xu, Stella Yingzi (2007). That glorious ancient history of our nation. University of California, Los Angeles. ISBN 9780549440369.[permanent dead link]