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List of bog bodies

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Bog Dog)

This is a list of bog bodies. Bog bodies, or bog people, are the naturally preserved corpses of humans and some animals recovered from peat bogs. The bodies have been most commonly found in the northern European countries of Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Ireland. Reports of bog bodies surfaced during the early 18th century.[1]

In 1965, the German scientist Alfred Dieck catalogued more than 1,850 bog bodies, but later scholarship revealed much of Dieck's work was erroneous.[2] Hundreds of bog bodies have been recovered and studied,[3] although it is believed that only around 45 remain intact today.[4]

How to use this list

[edit]
  • There may be more than one name in the "name" category, which may also be used to show alternate spellings for names of the bog body.
  • The location category shows the city or state in which the bog body was discovered, although some bog bodies are discovered on borders between countries.
  • The carbon-14 dating is used to determine an age range based on examination of the half lives of carbon isotopes.
  • The "sex" category describes whether the find was male, female, or undetermined.
  • The "description" category depicts examination details as well as physical characteristics of the body. Some sections may state Little is published about this find, meaning that there is little or no sufficient information published about the bog body.

List

[edit]
Name Location Country Age (carbon-14 dating) Sex Year discovered Image Notable for
Arden Woman
Bredmose Woman		 Himmerland Denmark 1400 BCE Female 1942 Hair of the Arden Woman Elaborately arranged hair and sprang bonnet.[5]
Auning Woman Midtjylland Denmark 1st century BC/AD Female 1886 Auning Woman Wool and skin garments; sticks placed over the body.[5]
Borremose Man
Borre Fen Man		 Himmerland Denmark 700 BCE Male 1946 Crushed skull; rope around neck.[6][7]
Borremose II Himmerland Denmark 400 BCE Presumed Female 1947 Fractured skull; clothing and infant bones.[8][7]
Borremose III
Borremose Woman		 Himmerland Denmark 750 BCE Female 1948 Apparent injuries later identified as postmortem damage.[7][8]
Elling Woman Silkeborg Denmark 280 BCE Female 1938 Head of Elling Woman Hanging; elaborate 90-centimeter braid.[7][9]
Frær Mose Foot
Frærmose Woman		 Fræer Denmark Undetermined Male 1842 Preserved foot; initially identified as female.[10][11]
Gadevang Man Zealand Denmark 480–60 BCE[12] Male 1940 Evidence of trepanation.[13]
Grauballe Man Jutland Denmark 290 BCE Male 1952 Fingerprints recovered from preserved fingers.[7]
Haraldskær Woman
Haraldskjaer Woman		 Jutland Denmark 500–401 BCE Female 1835 Historically misidentified as Queen Gunnhild.[14]
Huldremose Woman
Huldre Fen Woman; Huldre Woman		 Ramten, Midtjylland Denmark 160 BCE – 340 CE Female 1879 Exceptionally preserved clothing.[15]
Nederfrederiksmose body
Kraglund Man; Frederiksdal Man		 Nordjylland Denmark 1040–1155 AD Presumed male 1898 First bog body photographed before removal.[16][17]
Koelbjerg Man Syddanmark Denmark 8000 BCE Male 1941 Among the oldest known bog remains.[18][19]
Porsmose Man Zealand Denmark 2600 BCE Male 1946 Fatal arrow wounds.[20]
Rappendam Woman Frederiksborg Denmark 160 BCE Female 1941–1942 Wooden wheels found with the remains.[21]
Roum Man
formerly Roum Woman		 Himmerland Denmark Iron Age Male[22][23] 1942 Severed head; initially identified as female.[22]
Sigersdal Skeletons Zealand Denmark 3650–3140 BCE Presumed male[24] 1949 Two young people; traumatic skull injury.[25]
Søgårds Mose Man (I) Jutland Denmark 356 BCE – 116 CE Male 1942 Preserved clothing and footwear.[26]
Søgårds Man (II) Jutland Denmark 1944 Only the arms and legs preserved.[27]
Sorø Skeletons Lolland Denmark 3500 BCE Male 1942 Deformities and evidence of surgery.[28]
Stidsholt Woman
Stidsholtmose Woman; Stidsholt Fen Woman		 Jutland Denmark Undetermined Female 1859 Severed head with long preserved hair.[29][30]
Tollund Man Silkeborg Denmark 400 BCE Male 1950 Exceptionally preserved face; noose.[31]
Valmose bodies Jutland Denmark 380 BCE and 225–230 BCE Female Unknown Multiple human and animal remains.[32]
Vester Thorsted Man Vejle Denmark 145–95 BCE Male 1913 Leather cloak.[33]
Vittrup Man Vittrup Denmark 3100–3300 BCE Male 1915 Repeated blows to the head; long-distance migration.[34]
Ahlintel Man North Rhine-Westphalia Germany Undetermined Male 1794 [35]
Girl of the Bareler Moor Lower Saxony Germany 260–395 CE Female 1784 Only skin from the right side of the chest survives.
Bentstreek leg
Bentstreek foot		 Lower Saxony Germany 80–210 CE Undetermined 1955 Preserved leg and foot thought to have lain above ground for months before discovery.[36]
Bernuthsfeld Man Lower Saxony Germany 680–775 CE Male 1907 Front of Bernuthsfeld Man's tunic Heavily patched tunic made from 45 pieces of 20 different fabrics.[37]
Borsteler Moor body Lower Saxony Germany Undetermined Undetermined 1921 [38]
Bremervörde Gnattenbergswiesen body Lower Saxony Germany 634–689 CE Presumed female 1934 Incomplete early medieval bog skeleton.
Bunsoh Man
Bunsoh body		 Schleswig-Holstein Germany 560–620 CE Male 1890 Reconstruction Wool textile and numerous birch branches found with the body.[39]
"Bog Dog"
Bog dog from Burlage		 Lower Saxony Germany 1477–1611 CE Male 1953 Animal bog body with preserved reddish fur and a largely intact skeleton.[40]
Damendorf I
Damendorf Woman		 Schleswig-Holstein Germany Pre-Roman Iron Age Presumed female 1884 Only the clothing survives.[41]
Damendorf Man
Damendorf II		 Schleswig-Holstein Germany 300 BCE Male 1900 Flattened by the weight of the peat; hair, skin, nails and clothing survived.[42][43]
Damendorf Girl[41] Schleswig-Holstein Germany 810 BCE Female 1934 Approximately 14 years old; found with clothing.[44]
Dätgen I Schleswig-Holstein Germany Iron Age Undetermined 1906 Only the clothing survives.
Dätgen Man Schleswig-Holstein Germany 135–385 CE Male 1959 His Suebian knot hairstyle Stabbed, beaten and decapitated; preserved Suebian knot hairstyle.[45]
Esterweger Dose Child Lower Saxony Germany 1164 CE Undetermined 1939 Completely skeletonized; only some bones survive.
Getelo bodies Lower Saxony Germany Undetermined One male and two females 1857 Three individuals found together.[38]
Hesel bodies Lower Saxony Germany Undetermined Female 1914 [38]
Hogenseth Man Lower Saxony Germany Undetermined Male 1920 Aged approximately 40–60; remains destroyed shortly after discovery.[46]
Hunteburg Foot Lower Saxony Germany 1215–1300 CE Undetermined 1938 Preserved foot found with a long-shafted boot.
Hunteburg Men
Hunteburg I and II; Grossenmoor Men		 Lower Saxony Germany 245–450 CE Male 1949 Two men found together wrapped in cloaks; bodies lost during conservation.
Hunteburg III Lower Saxony Germany 40 BCE – 70 CE Male 1949
Husbäke I Lower Saxony Germany 1000–300 BCE Male 1931 Remains deteriorated and were destroyed in the 1950s.
Husbäke Man
Husbäke II		 Lower Saxony Germany 57–420 CE Male 1936 Aged approximately 20–25; intestinal contents and facial reconstruction studied.[47][48]
Johann Spieker
Jan Spieker		 Lower Saxony Germany 1828 CE Male 1978 Remains of his jacket, buttons and coins Identified as a hawker who disappeared in the Goldenstedter Moor.[49]
Jührdenerfeld Man
Bockhornerfeld Man		 Lower Saxony Germany 400 BCE – 1 CE Male 1934 Wool fabric and an animal-skin cape found with the body.[50]
Kayhausen Boy Lower Saxony Germany 300–400 BCE Male 1922 Child aged approximately 7–10; bound and repeatedly stabbed.[51][29]
Kreepen Man
Brammer Man; Kreepen-Brammer Man[41]		 Lower Saxony Germany 1440–1625 CE Male 1903 Remains destroyed during the Second World War; later dated from surviving hair.[52]
Landegge Man Lower Saxony Germany Undetermined Male 1861 [38]
Marx-Sapelstein Woman Lower Saxony Germany Undetermined Female 1861 [38]
Neu England Man Lower Saxony Germany 140–320 CE Male 1941 Upper body of Neu England Man Aged approximately 40–50.[53]
Neu Versen Man
"Roter Franz"		 Lower Saxony Germany 220–430 CE Male 1900 Red hair and beard; throat wound, arrow wound and broken shoulder.[54][55]
Obenaltendorf Man Lower Saxony Germany 380 CE Male 1895 Clothing of the Obenaltendorf Man Clothing and a pair of silver objects survived despite poor preservation of the body.[56]
Oberdorla Woman Thuringia Germany Undetermined Female 1959–1964 [35]
Osterby Man Schleswig-Holstein Germany 70–220 CE[57] Male 1948 Decapitated head with a preserved Suebian knot hairstyle.[58][59]
Pangerfilze Man Bavaria Germany 1700–1800 CE Male 1927 No remains survive.
Woman of Peiting
Peiting Woman; "Rosalinde"		 Bavaria Germany 1290–1370 or 1380–1440 CE Female 1957 Found in a wooden coffin.[60]
Possendorf body Thuringia Germany Undetermined Undetermined 1959 [35]
Rendswühren Man Schleswig-Holstein Germany 50 CE Male 1871 Face of Rendswühren Man Fatal head injury; body was smoked after discovery as a preservation method.[38][61]
Rieper Moor body Lower Saxony Germany 253–348 CE Undetermined 1751 Body lost; surviving clothing was later dated.[62]
Röst Girl Schleswig-Holstein Germany 200 BCE – 80 CE Female 1926 Approximately three years old; body destroyed during the Second World War, leaving the cloak for dating.[63]
Rübke body Lower Saxony Germany Undetermined Undetermined 1914 [38]
Schalkholz body Schleswig-Holstein Germany Undetermined Undetermined 1640 First recorded bog-body discovery in the list.[35]
Schwerinsdorf Man Lower Saxony Germany Undetermined Male 1961 [38]
Sedelsberger boy
Sedelsberger Dose Man		 Lower Saxony Germany 1040–1210 CE Male 1939 Skeletonized individual under 16, initially identified as an adult woman.[64][38]
Spelle bodies Lower Saxony Germany Undetermined Two males, two females 1921 Four individuals.[38]
Sudmentzhausen body Lower Saxony Germany Undetermined Undetermined 1881 [38]
Girl of the Uchter Moor
"Moora"		 Lower Saxony Germany 764–515 BCE Female 2000 Aged approximately 17–19; preserved hand and skeleton recovered five years apart.[65]
Uphuser Klümoor Woman I Lower Saxony Germany 27 BCE – 393 CE Presumed female 1759 Clothing, plaited hair, bronze ornaments and a pot recorded with the now-lost body.[66]
Uphuser Klümoor Woman II Lower Saxony Germany Undetermined Female 1789 [38]
Windeby I
Windeby Girl		 Schleswig-Holstein Germany 41–118 CE Male 1952 Upper body of Windeby I Well-preserved body initially identified as female and later identified as male.[67]
Windeby II
Windeby Man		 Schleswig-Holstein Germany 380–185 BCE Male 1952 Found soon after Windeby I; hazel rod wrapped around the neck.[68]
Amcotts Moor Woman Lincolnshire, England Great Britain 200–400 CE Female 1747 Early recorded bog-body discovery; only her left shoe survives.[69][70][71]
Grewelthorphe remains Yorkshire, England Great Britain Undetermined Undetermined 1850 Reportedly found in brightly coloured clothing; only fragments of the shoes survive.[72]
Gunnister Man Gunnister, Scotland Great Britain 18th century Male 1951 Complete set of clothing, including early examples of knitted fabric from Shetland.[73]
Lindow Woman
Lindow I		 Cheshire, England Great Britain 250 CE Female 1983 Skull initially mistaken for a recently murdered woman, prompting her husband to confess to the killing.[74][75]
Lindow Man
Lindow II; "Pete Marsh"		 Cheshire, England Great Britain 2 BCE – 119 CE Male 1984 Multiple injuries, including blows to the head and a chest wound; cord found around the neck.[76]
Lindow III Cheshire, England Great Britain Early Iron Age Male 1987 Severed into more than 70 pieces by a peat-cutting machine; surviving tissue remained well preserved.[77]
Prestatyn Child Clwyd, Wales Great Britain 90 CE Undetermined 1984 Remains believed to be those of an infant.[78]
Worsley Man Manchester, England Great Britain 131–251 CE Male 1958 Decapitated man aged approximately 26–45; garrote remained around the neck.[79]
Cladh Hallan Skeletons South Uist, Scotland Great Britain 1600–1120 BCE[80] Males and females 1988–2002 Prehistoric composite skeletons assembled from the remains of multiple individuals.[81][82]
Ballgudden Woman Ulster Ireland Undetermined Female 1831 Blond hair; an infant was found nearby. Neither body survives.[72][83]
Ballygroll Child County Londonderry Ireland Undetermined Undetermined 1835 Found completely enclosed in a coffin; body no longer survives.[72]
Baronstown West Man County Kildare[84] Ireland 242–388 CE[85] Male 1953 Textile and leather cloak; hazel or birch branches found with the body.[86][84]
Ballymacombs More Woman
Bellaghy Boy		 County Londonderry Ireland c. 300 BCE[87] Female 2023 Headless skeleton with surviving skin, nails and a kidney; initially investigated as a possible recent murder victim.[88][87] Later identified as a woman aged 17–22.[89]
Camnish Woman County Londonderry Ireland Undetermined Female 1834 Body no longer survives.
Cashel Man
Portlaoise body		 County Laois Ireland 2000 BCE[90][91] Male 2011 Early Bronze Age body; aged approximately 20–25, with a broken arm, spinal injuries and cuts.[90][84][92]
Clonycavan Man County Meath Ireland 392–201 BCE Male 2003 Preserved hair styled with an imported plant-oil resin; lower body missing.[90]
Cloonshannagh Woman County Roscommon Ireland 645–680 CE Female 2005 Completely skeletonized; body and clothing damaged by peat-cutting tools.[93]
Derrycashel Woman County Roscommon Ireland 1431–1291 BCE Female 2005 Nearly complete skeleton of a young woman; interpreted as a formal burial rather than a sacrifice.[85][84]
Derrymaquirk Woman County Roscommon Ireland 750–200 BCE Female 1959 Aged approximately 25; infant bone fragments found nearby. Interpreted as a formal burial.[94][84]
Derryvarroge Man County Kildare Ireland 228–343 CE Male 2006 Only the buttocks and a leg survive.[84][85]
Drumkeeragh body County Down Ireland Undetermined Presumed female 1780 Skeleton found with clothing and hair; only a braided lock of hair and cloth fragments survive.[95][96]
Gallagh Man County Galway Ireland 400–200 BCE Male 1821 Willow rod around the neck; body pinned beneath the peat with two wooden stakes.[84][97]
Kinakinelly Man County Galway Ireland 200–100 BCE Male 1952 Found with red deer bones.[84]
Meenybradden Woman County Donegal Ireland 1050–1410 CE Female 1978 Radiocarbon date conflicts with the 16th–17th-century style of the cloak wrapped around the body.[98]
Mulkeeragh Man County Cork Ireland Undetermined Male 1753 Found wearing a military uniform and cloak; later reburied.
Old Croghan Man
Croghan Man		 County Offaly Ireland 362–175 BCE Male 2003 Exceptionally tall man; only the torso survives. Nipples had been cut and the hands showed little evidence of manual labour.[90][99]
Stoneyisland Man
Stony Island Man		 County Galway Ireland 3320–3220 BCE Male 1929 Ireland's oldest known bog body; initially mistaken for a recently missing man.[100]
Aschbroeken Man Drenthe Netherlands 1376–1348 or 1316–928 BCE[101] Male 1931 Skeletal remains of a man aged about 35–45; his right upper arm had fractured and healed abnormally.[102]
Emmer-Erfscheidenveen Man Drenthe Netherlands 1370–1365, 1315–1260 or 1235–1215 BCE[103] Male 1938 The oldest bog body with preserved soft tissue found in the Netherlands; associated clothing included a calfskin cape, woollen garment, fur cap and shoe.[103]
Exloërmond Man Drenthe Netherlands 365–115 BCE[103] Male 1914 His last meal contained barley, millet and legumes; surviving beard stubble indicates that he was probably an adult man.[102]
Kibbelgaarn body Groningen Netherlands Undetermined Male 1791 The remains were bought, pulverised and sold as a cheaper substitute for Egyptian mummia.[104]
Weerdinge Men

Nieuw-Weerdinge Men; Weerdinge Couple

 Drenthe Netherlands 40 BCE–50 CE[103] Male 1904 Two men found together, with unusually well-preserved skin and internal organs.[105]
Wijster bodies

Wijster Four

 Drenthe Netherlands c. 1600 CE[103] Male 1901 Four individuals who all died before age 25; associated finds included clothing, coins and a bronze cauldron, while only a few human remains survive.[103]
Yde Girl Drenthe Netherlands 40 BCE–50 CE[103] Female 1897 About 16 years old at death and strangled with a woollen band; she became widely known through a reconstruction of her face.[103]
Zweeloo Woman Drenthe Netherlands 78–233 CE[106] Female 1951 The oldest known patent human infection with the lancet liver fluke Dicrocoelium dendriticum; roundworm and whipworm eggs were also identified.[106]
Dąbrówka body Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Poland Undetermined Undetermined 1936
Dröbnitz Girl Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship Poland 650 BCE Female 1939 Early Iron Age girl found with a cloak and wooden comb; her remains and grave goods were destroyed during World War II.[107]
Karwinden Man Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship Poland Undetermined Male 1943 Examination of his intestinal contents found eggs of roundworm and whipworm.[108]
Bocksten Man Varberg, Hallands län Sweden 1290–1430 CE Male 1936 Exceptionally well-preserved medieval clothing, including a tunic, hood, cloak, hose and foot wraps.[109]
Dannike Woman Dannike, Västra Götalands län Sweden Undetermined Female 1942 Late 17th-century woman found in a birch coffin with her hands bound; a clay tobacco pipe and brass tobacco box were among the objects buried with her.[110][111]
Luttra Woman

Hallonflickan; Raspberry Girl

 Västra Götalands län Sweden 3105–2935 BCE Female 1943 Skull of Luttra Woman Raspberry seeds found where her stomach had been, giving her the name Hallonflickan ("Raspberry Girl").[112]
Bleivik Man Rogaland Norway 6110–5890 BCE Male 1952 Among the oldest human remains found in Norway; represented by a skull and a small number of other bones.[113]
Windover Skeletons Florida United States 6000–5000 BCE Males and females 1982 168 burials, including exceptionally preserved brain tissue and perishable materials.[114][115]
Little Salt Spring skeletons Florida United States 3200–4800 BCE Males and females Before 1979 Archaic cemetery estimated to contain about 1,000 burials, with exceptional preservation of organic remains.[116]
Rabivere Woman Rabivere Estonia Late 17th–early 18th century Female 1936 Only known bog body from Estonia; preserved woollen clothing and a coin dated 1667.[117]

See also

[edit]
  • Egtved Girl, a barrow body in a coffin preserved by a bog

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ Gill-Robinson, Heather (2005). The Iron Age Bog Bodies of the Archäologische Landesmuseum Schloss Gottorf, Schleswig, Germany.
  2. ↑ van der Sanden, Wijnand; Eisenbess, Sabine (2006). "Imaginary People". Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt. 36 (1): 111–122. ISSN 0342-734X.
  3. ↑ Lange, Karen E. (September 2007). "Tales From the Bog". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 1 May 2008.
  4. ↑ Gill-Robinson, Heather (2005). The Iron Age Bog Bodies of the Archäologische Landesmuseum Schloss Gottorf, Schleswig, Germany. p. 48.
  5. 1 2 Glob, Peter V. The Bog People: Iron-Age Man Preserved. Trans. Rupert Bruce-Mitford. Ithaca, New York: Faber and Faber Limited, 1969. 82–100. Print.
  6. ↑ Deem, James M. "Borremose Man". Archived from the original on 25 March 2014. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 Lauber, Patricia G. (1985). Tales Mummies Tell. HarperCollins. p. 128. ISBN 978-0-690-04389-1.
  8. 1 2 Gill-Robinson, Heather (2005). The Iron Age Bog Bodies of the Archäologische Landesmuseum Schloss Gottorf. pp. 64–65.
  9. ↑ Gill-Robinson, Heather (2005). The Iron Age Bog Bodies of the Archäologische Landesmuseum Schloss Gottorf. p. 63.
  10. ↑ Glob, Peter V. The Bog People: Iron-Age Man Preserved. Trans. Rupert Bruce-Mitford. Ithaca, New York: Faber and Faber Limited, 1969. 80–82. Print.
  11. ↑ Lynnerup, Niels (22 May 2015). "Bog Bodies: BOG BODIES". The Anatomical Record. 298 (6): 1007–1012. doi:10.1002/ar.23138. PMID 25998635.
  12. ↑ Archaeology Magazine – Bodies of the Bogs – Pathologies of the Bog Bodies. Archaeology.org. Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  13. ↑ "Pathologies of the Bog Bodies". Archaeology Magazine. N.p. 1997. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
  14. ↑ Frei, Karin Margarita; Mannering, Ulla; Price, T. Douglas; Iversen, Rasmus Birch (2015). "Strontium isotope investigations of the Haraldskær Woman–a complex record of various tissues". ArchéoSciences. 39: 93–101. doi:10.4000/archeosciences.4407.
  15. ↑ "The woman from Huldremose" Archived 28 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Meet Danish Prehistory, Nationalmuseet, retrieved 3 February 2010
  16. ↑ Bog Bodies – Photo Gallery – National Geographic Magazine. Ngm.nationalgeographic.com (17 October 2002). Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  17. ↑ Frederiksdalmanden. Frederiksdal-info.dk. Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  18. ↑ Archaeology Magazine – Bodies of the Bogs – Koelbjerg Woman. Archaeology.org. Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  19. ↑ Pedersen, K.L. (2 April 2017). Ny DNA-forskning: Danmarks ældste lig skifter køn fra kvinde til mand. DR Nyheder. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
  20. ↑ Weapons, violence and death in the Neolithic period – Oldtiden Archived 7 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Oldtiden.natmus.dk. Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  21. ↑ Van der Sanden, Wijnand (1996). Through Nature to Eternity.
  22. 1 2 Munksgaard, Elizabeth (1984). "Bog bodies- a brief summary of inerpretations". Journal of Danish Archaeology. 3: 121. doi:10.1080/0108464X.1984.10589917.
  23. ↑ Gill-Robinson, Heather (2005). The Iron Age Bog Bodies of the Archäologische Landesmuseum Schloss Gottorf. p. 298.
  24. ↑ "Human sacrifice in the early Neolithic period – Oldtiden". Oldtiden.natmus.dk. Archived from the original on 23 August 2011. Retrieved 15 September 2011.
  25. ↑ "Pathologies of the bog bodies". Archaeology Magazine. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
  26. ↑ van der Sanden, Wijnand (1996). Through nature to eternity: the bog bodies of northwest Europe. Amsterdam: Batavian Lion International. p. 125,194. ISBN 90-6707-418-7.
  27. ↑ Archaeology Magazine – Bodies of the Bogs – Clothing and Hair Styles. Archaeology.org. Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  28. ↑ "Pathologies of the Bog Bodies". Archaeology Magazine. Retrieved 27 March 2014.
  29. 1 2 "Violence in the Bogs". Archaeology.org. Retrieved 15 September 2011.
  30. ↑ Glob, Peter Vilhelm (2004). The Bog People: Iron-Age Man Preserved. New York Review Books. p. 98. ISBN 978-1-59017-090-8.
  31. ↑ "The Tollund Man – The Naked Body". Archived from the original on 13 February 2017. Retrieved 16 March 2012.
  32. ↑ Borderland-stalkers and Stalking Horses. Horse Sacrifice as Liminal Activity in the Early Iron Age. (Anne Monikander) – Academia.edu
  33. ↑ Anderson, S. Ry; Geertinger, Preben (1984). "Bog bodies Investigated in the Light of Forensic Medicine". Journal of Danish Archaeology. 3: 115.
  34. ↑ Strickland, Ashley (15 February 2024). "'Vittrup Man' violently died in a bog 5,200 years ago. Now, researchers know his story". CNN. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  35. 1 2 3 4 Van der Sanden, Wijnand (1996). Through Nature to Eternity. p. 193.
  36. ↑ Van der Sanden, Wijnand (1996). Through Nature to Eternity. p. 91.
  37. ↑ Moorleiche. Landesmuseum-emden.de. Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  38. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 van der Sanden, Wijnand (1996). Through Nature to Eternity. Batavian Lion International. pp. 48, 192.
  39. ↑ Arnold, Heinke; Drews, Erika (2006). Die so genannte Halsschnur von Bunsoh (PDF). Experimentelle Archäologie in Europa Bilanz 2007 (5 ed.). Oldenburg: Isensee Verlag. pp. 135–443. ISBN 978-3-89995-447-0. Retrieved 4 May 2012.
  40. ↑ Rosendahl, Wilfried, Markus Bertling, and Heather Gill-Frerking. "The Bog Dog From Burlage." Mummies of the World. Ed. Alfried Wieczorek and Wilfried Rosendahl. First ed. 2009. 298–99. Print.
  41. 1 2 3 "Dating bog bodies by means of 14C-AMS" (PDF). Journal of Archaeological Science. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 September 2011. Retrieved 15 September 2011.
  42. ↑ Gill-Robinson, Heather (2005). The Iron Age Bog Bodies of the Archäologische Landesmuseum Schloss Gottorf, Schleswig, Germany.
  43. ↑ Damendorf Man Archived 21 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Mummytombs.com. Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  44. ↑ Van der Sanden, Wijnand (1996). Through Nature to Eternity. p. 104.
  45. ↑ Datgen Man Archived 3 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Mummytombs.com. Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  46. ↑ Hajo Hayen: Die Moorleiche aus Hogenseth 1920. In: Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Nordwestdeutschland. 2, 1979, ISSN 0170-5776, S. 46–48.
  47. ↑ Husbake Man Archived 12 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Mummytombs.com. Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  48. ↑ Paleopathology, forensics and reconstruction of the bog bodies from Northern Germany Archived 1 February 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Research-projects.uzh.ch. Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  49. ↑ Vergano, Dan (16 January 2011). "Bog bodies baffle scientists". USA Today. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
  50. ↑ Bockhornerfeld Man Archived 12 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Mummytombs.com. Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  51. ↑ Archaeology.about.com. Archaeology.about.com (4 August 2010). Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  52. ↑ van der Sanden, Wijnand (1996). Through Nature to Eternity. Batavian Lion International. p. 89.
  53. ↑ Neu England Man Archived 3 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Mummytombs.com. Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  54. ↑ Van Der Plicht, J.; Van Der Sanden, W. A. B.; Aerts, A. T.; Streurman, H. J. (2004), "Dating bog bodies by means of 14C-AMS", Journal of Archaeological Science, 31 (4): 471–491, Bibcode:2004JArSc..31..471V, doi:10.1016/j.jas.2003.09.012
  55. ↑ "Violence in the Bogs", Bodies of the Bogs, Archaeological Institute of America, 10 December 1997.
  56. ↑ Van der Sanden, Wijnand (1996). Through Nature to Eternity. p. 94.
  57. ↑ Archaeology Magazine – Bodies of the Bogs – Clothing and Hair Styles. Archaeology.org. Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  58. ↑ "Osterby Man". Mummytombs.com. Archived from the original on 17 December 2011. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
  59. ↑ PBS.org. PBS.org. Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  60. ↑ Haas-Gebhard, Brigitte; Püschel, Klaus (2009), Die Frau aus dem Moor – Teil 1, Bayerische Vorgeschichtsblätter (in German), vol. 74, Beck, pp. 239–268, ISBN 978-3-406-11079-5, ISSN 0341-3918 – via Kommission für Bayerische Landesgeschichte
  61. ↑ Deem, James M. "Landesmuseum at the Schloß Gottorf in Schleswig, Germany". Mummytombs.com. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 15 September 2011.
  62. ↑ Hesse, Stefan; Grefen-Peters, Silke; Peek, Christina; Rech, Jennifer; Schliemann, Ulrich (2010). Die Moorleichen im Landkreis Rotenburg (Wümme) Forschungsgeschichte und neue Untersuchungen [The Bog Bodies in the District of Rotenburg (Wümme). Research History and New Investigations.]. Archäologische Berichte des Landkreises Rotenburg (Wümme) (in German). Vol. 16.
  63. ↑ van der Sanden, Wijnand (1996). Through Nature to Eternity. p. 82.
  64. ↑ Gill-Robinson, Heather (2005). The Iron Age Bog Bodies of the Archäologische Landesmuseum Schloss Gottorf, Schleswig, Germany.
  65. ↑ "Identify the remains of Iron Age woman". All Voices. 24 January 2011. Retrieved 5 March 2012.
  66. ↑ van der Sanden, Wijnand (1996). Through Nature to Eternity. Batavian Lion International. pp. 69, 192.
  67. ↑ Deem, James M. "Windeby I". Archived from the original on 25 March 2014. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
  68. ↑ "Bog bodies from Germany and Poland". denblauwenswaen.nl. 16 February 2007. Archived from the original on 13 March 2012. Retrieved 15 September 2011.
  69. ↑ Waller, Symeon. "Bog Body in Doncaster". Doncaster History. Retrieved 11 October 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  70. ↑ Turner, R. C.; Rhodes, M. (1992). "A bog body and its shoes from Amcotts, Lincolnshire". The Antiquaries Journal. 72: 1–13.
  71. ↑ NOVA | The Perfect Corpse | Bog Bodies of the Iron Age (non-Flash). PBS. Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  72. 1 2 3 "Bogbodies from the United Kingdom & Ireland". denblauwenswaen.nl. Archived from the original on 14 March 2012. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
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  76. ↑ Joy, Jody (2009). Lindow Man. British Museum Press. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-7141-2817-7.
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  78. ↑ Van der Sanden, Wijnand (1996). Through Nature to Eternity. p. 100.
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  80. ↑ "The Prehistoric Village at Cladh Hallan". University of Sheffield. Retrieved 21 February 2008.
  81. ↑ Pearson, Michael Parker; Sharples, Niall M.; Symonds, James (2004). South Uist: Archaeology and History of a Hebridean Island. Stroud: Tempus. ISBN 978-0-7524-2905-2.
  82. ↑ Kaufman, Rachel (6 July 2012). "'Frankenstein' Bog Mummies Discovered in Scotland". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 9 July 2012. Retrieved 9 July 2012.
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  117. ↑ "1936 – finding the Woman of Rabivere". State Forest Management Centre. Retrieved 31 August 2026.
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