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Bihar al-Anwar

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Bihar al-Anwar
بِحَار ٱلْأَنْوَار
AuthorMohammad-Baqer Majlesi
LanguageArabic

Bihar al-Anwar (Arabic: بِحَار ٱلْأَنْوَار, romanized: Biḥār al-Anwār, lit. 'Seas of Lights') is a comprehensive collection of hadith (pl. ahadith) compiled by Shia scholar Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi (d. 1699 A.D.). It is the secondary Shi'ite hadith verification source after the Four Books.

Overview

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Bihar al-Anwar is the most comprehensive hadith collections, documenting over 100,000 items of Twelver Shia hadith along with Majlisi's commentary on these narrations.[1][2] He used about 400 sources written by such Sunni and Shia scholars as Shaykh al-Saduq, Shaykh Tusi, Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid, Sharif al-Murtaza, Muhammad Jamaluddin al-Makki al-Amili, Sayyed Ibn Tawus, Al-Hilli, Zayn al-Din al-Juba'i al'Amili.[3]

The full title of the book is:

Biḥār al-ʾAnwār al-Jāmiʿah li-Durar ʾAkhbār al-ʾAʾimmah al-Aṭhār

(Arabic: بِحَار ٱلْأَنْوَار ٱلْجَامِعَة لِدُرَر أَخْبَار ٱلَأَئِمَّة ٱلْأَطْهَار)

(lit. Oceans of Lights: The Compendium for Pearls of Traditions of the Pure Imams)

This lengthy title indicates Majlisi collected anything he had access to in the book.[2][1] His primary goal was to preserve the knowledge for future generations and prevent forgery.[4] Majlisi has acknowledged the forgery issue in the preface of Bihar al-Anwar, emphasizing that the traditions collected were not included without extensive scrutiny, although a consequence of his approach was that he has gathered both "pearls" and "pebbles".

The compilation of Bihar al-Anwar took 36 years, during which Majlisi received aid from other scholars and his students.

Author

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Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi was born in 1617 in Isfahan, the capital city of the Persian Empire. A student of Mulla Sadra, he was described in the journal Orient as "an unprecedentedly influential author in the world of Imami Shi'ism".[5] On 1687, he was appointed as Sheikh ul-Islam of Isfahan by the emperor Sultan Husayn.[6] He developed the Twelver doctrine by investigating Shia and Sunni hadith. He wrote over 100 books in Arabic and Persian.[5][4]

Editions

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  • Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-, Biḥār al-nwār al-Jāmiʿahli-Durar Akhbār al-Aʾimmat al-Aṭhār [The Oceans of Lights: A Compendium of the Pearls of the Narrations of the Pure Imāms], 110 vols (Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Wafāʾ, 1983).

Commentaries

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  • Mashraʿa Biḥār al-Anwār – by Muḥammad Asif Mohseni
  • Durrar al-Biḥār – by al-Mawlā Nūr al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Murtaḍā
  • Commentary on Biḥār al-Anwār – by ʿAbd al-Aʿlā al-Mūsawī al-Sabzawārī
  • Gharīb al-Ḥadīth fī Biḥār al-Anwār (“Strange Expressions in Biḥār al-Anwār”) – by Ḥusayn al-Ḥusaynī al-Bīrjandī
  • Anwār al-Biḥār – by Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad Hādī al-Nāʾīnī
  • Manāhil al-Abrār fī Talkhīṣ Biḥār al-Anwār – by Ḥusayn Dargāhī
  • Talkhīṣ al-Biḥār – by al-Mīrzā Muḥammad Ṣādiq al-Shīrāzī
  • Ḥadīqat al-Azhār fī Talkhīṣ al-Biḥār – by al-Mīrzā Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Nabī al-Nīshābūrī
  • Talkhīṣ al-Anwār – by al-Mawlā Muḥammad Taqī, known as Āqā Najafī Iṣfahānī
  • Mashrūʿ Biḥār al-Anwār (“Biḥār al-Anwār Project”) – by Muḥammad Āṣif Muḥsinī
  • Talkhīṣ al-Biḥār – by al-Mīrzā Ibrāhīm ibn Ḥusayn ibn Ghafār al-Dunbulī al-Khūʾī
  • Durrar al-Biḥār – by al-Mawlā Muḥammad Taqī ibn Muḥammad al-Khūʾī
  • Banādir al-Biḥār – by Fayḍ al-Islām
  • Muntakhab Biḥār al-Anwār – by Muḥammad Hādī ibn Murtaḍā al-Kāshānī

See also

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References

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  1. 1 2 Ansari, Nasiruddin. "Bihar al-anwar (Oceans of Lights) is".
  2. 1 2 Kohlberg, Etan. "BEḤĀR AL-ANWĀR".
  3. ↑ Muntazir Qa'im, Mahdi (18 November 2013). "Sources".
  4. 1 2 Youngman Skreslet, Skreslet, Paula, Rebecca (2006). The Literature of Islam: A Guide to the Primary Sources in English Translation. Scarecrow Press (September 20, 2006). ISBN 978-0810854086.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. 1 2 MATSUNAGA, Yasuyuki. "EXAMINING THE VIEWS OF 'ALLAMAH MAJLISI ON LEGITIMATE POLITICAL AUTHORITY (SULTANAT-I MASHRU'AH) AND THE GUARDIANSHIP OF THE JURIST (WILAYAT-I FAQIH)".
  6. ↑ Debating Muslims: Cultural Dialogues in Postmodernity and Tradition. University of Wisconsin Press; 1 edition (February 17, 2002). 1990. p. 471. ISBN 978-0299124342. Mu 'jam al-mufahras li-alfaz ahadith Bihar al-anwar.
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