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Tadao Ando

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Tadao Ando
安藤 忠雄
Black-and-white head shot of Ando
Ando in 2004
Born (1941-09-13) 13 September 1941 (age 84)
Minato-ku, Osaka, Japan
EducationJyoto Technology High School
OccupationArchitect
Awards
PracticeTadao Ando Architects & Associates
Buildings
ProjectsRokko Housing I, II, III, Kobe, 1983-1999
Tadoa Ando standing besides his granite-edged water-fountain feature 'Silence' outside the Connaught Hotel and Mayfair House

Tadao Ando (安藤 忠雄, Andō Tadao; born September 13, 1941) is a Japanese architect.[1][2] Self-taught, he is known for his unique integration of architecture and landscape. Architectural historian Francesco Dal Co described his work as an example of "critical regionalism". Ando was awarded the Pritzker Prize in 1995.

Early life

[edit]

Tadao Ando was born in 1941 in Minato-ku, Osaka, Japan, just a few minutes before his twin brother.[3] At the age of two, he was separated from his sibling and raised by his great-grandmother.[3] As a child, Ando would explore construction sites and took inspiration from workers who crafted their buildings to last "for 100 years".[4] He cites his childhood home as an influence on his architectural work, saying that living in a nagaya row house taught him how limited use of light affects interior spaces.[4]: 11  When he was 15 years old, Ando participated in renovating the house by helping the construction workers.[4]: 13 

Before becoming an architect, Ando worked as a boxer and fighter. He had no formal training in architecture, but a visit to Tokyo during high school, where he saw the Frank Lloyd Wright–designed Imperial Hotel, deeply inspired him.[5] Less than two years after graduating from high school, he left boxing to pursue architecture, studying drawing at night and taking correspondence courses on interior design.[6] He later travelled to study buildings by masters such as Le Corbusier, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Frank Lloyd Wright, and Louis Kahn, as well as visiting Greece to study the Pantheon and the Parthenon.[4]: 15 

It was very important for me to travel to these buildings...In Japan, when you are studying architecture, you are studying Western architecture. With that in mind, I needed to go to the source...which is Greek and Roman architecture. When I design a building, those images are always with me...I always go back to thinking about those buildings and their affect as a built structure.[4]: 15 

In 1968, he returned to Osaka and founded Tadao Ando Architects and Associates.[7]

Career

[edit]

Style

[edit]
Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth, showing the restaurant
Galleria Akka, Osaka, 1988

Ando was raised in Japan where the religion and style of life strongly influenced his architecture and design. Ando's architectural style is said to create a "haiku" effect, emphasizing nothingness and empty space to represent the beauty of simplicity.[citation needed] He favors designing complex spatial circulation while maintaining the appearance of simplicity.

Architecture has always been about boundaries; building boundaries for protection and then opening them up for movement.[4]: 14 

A self-taught architect, he keeps his Japanese culture and language in mind while he travels around Europe for research. As an architect, he believes that architecture can change society, that "to change the dwelling is to change the city and to reform society".[8] "Reform society" could be a promotion of a place or a change of the identity of that place. Werner Blaser has said, "Good buildings by Tadao Ando create memorable identity and therefore publicity, which in turn attracts the public and promotes market penetration".[9]

The simplicity of his architecture emphasizes the concept of sensation and physical experiences, mainly influenced by Japanese culture. The religious term Zen, focuses on the concept of simplicity and concentrates on inner feeling rather than outward appearance. Zen influences vividly show in Ando's work and became its distinguishing mark.[citation needed] In order to practice the idea of simplicity, Ando's architecture is mostly constructed with concrete, providing a sense of cleanliness and weightlessness (even though concrete is a heavy material) at the same time.[10] Due to the simplicity of the exterior, construction, and organization of the space are relatively potential in order to represent the aesthetic of sensation.

Besides Japanese religious architecture, Ando has also designed Christian churches, such as the Church of the Light (1989) and the Church in Tarumi (1993).[11] Although Japanese and Christian churches display distinct characteristics, Ando treats them in a similar way. He believes there should be no difference in designing religious architecture and houses. As he explains,

We do not need to differentiate one from the other. Dwelling in a house is not only a functional issue, but also a spiritual one. The house is the locus of heart (kokoro), and the heart is the locus of god. Dwelling in a house is a search for the heart (kokoro) as the locus of god, just as one goes to church to search for god. An important role of the church is to enhance this sense of the spiritual. In a spiritual place, people find peace in their heart (kokoro), as in their homeland.[12]

Besides speaking of the spirit of architecture, Ando also emphasises the association between nature and architecture.[13][14] He intends for people to easily experience the spirit and beauty of nature through architecture. He believes architecture is responsible for performing the attitude of the site and makes it visible. This not only represents his theory of the role of architecture in society but also shows why he spends so much time studying architecture from physical experience.

In 1995, Ando won the Pritzker Prize for architecture, considered the highest distinction in the field.[2] He donated the $100,000 prize money to the orphans of the 1995 Kobe earthquake.[15]

Buildings and works

[edit]
Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art, Kobe

Tadao Ando's body of work is known for the creative use of natural light and for structures that follow natural forms of the landscape, rather than disturbing the landscape by making it conform to the constructed space of a building. Ando's buildings are often characterized by complex three-dimensional circulation paths. These paths weave in between interior and exterior spaces formed both inside large-scale geometric shapes and in the spaces between them.[citation needed]

His Row House in Sumiyoshi (Azuma House, 住吉の長屋), a small two-story, cast-in-place concrete house completed in 1976, is an early work which began to show elements of his characteristic style. It consists of three equal rectangular volumes: two enclosed volumes of interior spaces separated by an open courtyard. The courtyard's position between the two interior volumes becomes an integral part of the house's circulation system. The house is famous for the contrast between appearance and spatial organization that allows people to experience the richness of the space within the geometry.[16]

Ando's housing complex at Rokko, just outside Kobe, is a complex warren of terraces and balconies, atriums and shafts. The designs for Rokko Housing One (1983) and for Rokko Housing Two (1993) illustrate a range of issues in traditional architectural vocabulary—the interplay of solid and void, the alternatives of open and closed, the contrasts of light and darkness. More significantly, Ando's noteworthy engineering achievement in these clustered buildings is site-specific—the structures survived undamaged after the Great Hanshin earthquake of 1995.[17] New York Times architectural critic Paul Goldberger argues that:

Ando is right in the Japanese tradition: spareness has always been a part of Japanese architecture, at least since the 16th century; [and] it is not without reason that Frank Lloyd Wright more freely admitted to the influences of Japanese architecture than of anything American."[17]

Like Wright's Imperial Hotel in Tokyo Second Imperial Hotel 1923-1968, which did survive the Great Kantō earthquake of 1923, site specific decision-making, anticipates seismic activity in several of Ando's Hyōgo-Awaji buildings.[18]

The Church of the Light in Ibaraki, Osaka

Unlike the architect Auguste Perret, who pioneered the use of reinforced concrete, Ando used shuttering formwork to give concrete building elements their shape. The finished Ando building bears the memory of wood texture.[19] The smoothness of the concrete is achieved by the careful preparation of the casting moulds. Ando buildings are credited with the interior design use of exposed concrete. The use of prominent beams is perceived to be rooted in Japanese architectural history. The Rokko apartments and the Church of the Light earned Ando international recognition, and he was noted by those who detect a regional quality in concrete construction.[20]

In 2003, Ando was commissioned by soap opera heir William Bell, Jr. and his wife Maria to design a house for an almost 6-acre (2.4 ha) oceanfront site on the East Pacific Coast Highway in the Paradise Cove area of Malibu, California.[21][22][23] The house (designed with WHY Architects)[24] is a 40,000-square-foot (3,700 m2) modernist concrete structure in an L shape, with six bedrooms and walls of glass.[22][25] It has been described as minimalist and "echoey".[26] Construction was completed in 2014, being prolonged due to the oceanfront location, soft soil, and California's extensive building codes.[22][27] 7,645 cubic yards of unusually high quality concrete were used in the construction of the house, with its rebar specially treated to resist corrosion.[25][22] The installation of the concrete in the driveway, garage, and parking areas in 2015 won an award for precision from the American Concrete Institute.[28] Ando also designed a series of furniture pieces for the interior.[22] In May 2023, couple Beyoncé and Jay-Z purchased the house through a trust for $200 million.[29][30][31][32] It was the most expensive single-family home sold in the United States in 2023.[33] and surpassed California's previous record price for a residence, set by businessman Marc Andreessen in 2021 for the adjacent house.[25]

Projects

[edit]
Building/projectLocationCountryDate
Tomishima HouseOsakaJapan1973
Uchida HouseJapan1974
Uno HouseKyotoJapan1974
Hiraoka HouseHyōgo PrefectureJapan1974
Shibata HouseAshiya, Hyogo PrefectureJapan1974
Tatsumi HouseOsakaJapan1975
Soseikan-Yamaguchi HouseHyōgo PrefectureJapan1975
Takahashi HouseAshiya, Hyōgo PrefectureJapan1975
Matsumura HouseKobeJapan1975
Row House in Sumiyoshi (Azuma House)Sumiyoshi, OsakaJapan1976
Hirabayashi HouseOsaka PrefectureJapan1976
Bansho HouseAichi PrefectureJapan1976
Tezukayama Tower PlazaSumiyoshi, OsakaJapan1976
Tezukayama House-Manabe HouseOsakaJapan1977
Wall House (Matsumoto House)Ashiya, Hyōgo PrefectureJapan1977
Glass Block House (Ishihara House)OsakaJapan1978
Okusu HouseSetagaya, TokyoJapan1978
Glass Block Wall (Horiuchi House)Sumiyoshi, OsakaJapan1979
Katayama BuildingNishinomiya, Hyōgo PrefectureJapan1979
Onishi HouseSumiyoshi, OsakaJapan1979
Matsutani HouseKyotoJapan1979
Ueda HouseOkayama PrefectureJapan1979
StepTakamatsu, KagawaJapan1980
Matsumoto HouseWakayama, Wakayama PrefectureJapan1980
Fuku HouseWakayama, Wakayama PrefectureJapan1980
Bansho House AdditionAichi PrefectureJapan1981
Koshino HouseAshiya, Hyōgo PrefectureJapan1981
Kojima Housing (Sato House)Okayama PrefectureJapan1981
Atelier in OyodoOsakaJapan1981
Tea House for Soseikan-Yamaguchi HouseHyōgo PrefectureJapan1982
Ishii HouseShizuoka PrefectureJapan1982
Akabane HouseSetagaya, TokyoJapan1982
Kujo Townhouse (Izutsu House)OsakaJapan1982
Rokko Housing One (34°43′32″N 135°13′39″E / 34.725613°N 135.227564°E / 34.725613; 135.227564)Rokko, Hyōgo PrefectureJapan1983
Bigi AtelierShibuya, TokyoJapan1983
Umemiya HouseKobeJapan1983
Kaneko HouseShibuya, TokyoJapan1983
FestivalNaha, Okinawa prefectureJapan1984
Time'sKyotoJapan1984
Koshino House AdditionAshiya, Hyōgo PrefectureJapan1984
Melrose, MeguroTokyoJapan1984
Uejo HouseOsaka PrefectureJapan1984
Ota HouseOkayama PrefectureJapan1984
Moteki HouseKobeJapan1984
Shinsaibashi Tokyu BuildingOsaka PrefectureJapan1984[34]
Iwasa HouseAshiya, Hyōgo PrefectureJapan1984
Hata House (34°46′05″N 135°19′26″E / 34.76805°N 135.32397°E / 34.76805; 135.32397)Nishinomiya, Hyōgo PrefectureJapan1984
Atelier Yoshie InabaShibuya, TokyoJapan1985
Jun Port Island BuildingKobeJapan1985
Mon-petit-chouKyotoJapan1985
Guest House for Hattori HouseOsakaJapan1985
Taiyō Cement Headquarters BuildingOsakaJapan1986
TS BuildingOsakaJapan1986
Chapel on Mount RokkoKobeJapan1986
Old/New RokkovKobeJapan1986
Kidosaki HouseSetagaya, TokyoJapan1986
Fukuhara ClinicSetagaya, TokyoJapan1986
Sasaki HouseMinato, TokyoJapan1986
Main Pavilion for Tennoji Fair [ja]OsakaJapan1987
Karaza TheaterTokyoJapan1987
Ueda House AdditionOkayama PrefectureJapan1987
Church on the WaterTomamu, HokkaidoJapan1988
Galleria AkkaOsakaJapan1988
Children's MuseumHimeji, HyōgoJapan1989
Church of the Light (34°49′08″N 135°22′19″E / 34.818763°N 135.37201°E / 34.818763; 135.37201)Ibaraki Osaka PrefectureJapan1989[35][36]
CollezioneMinato, TokyoJapan1989
Morozoff P&P StudioKobeJapan1989
Raika HeadquartersOsakaJapan1989
Natsukawa Memorial HallHikone, ShigaJapan1989
Yao Clinic, NeyagawaOsaka PrefectureJapan1989
Matsutani House AdditionKyotoJapan1990
Ito House, SetagayaTokyoJapan1990
Iwasa House AdditionAshiya, Hyōgo PrefectureJapan1990
Garden of Fine ArtsOsakaJapan1990
S BuildingOsakaJapan1990
Water Temple (34°32′47″N 134°59′17″E / 34.546406°N 134.98813°E / 34.546406; 134.98813)Awaji Island, Hyōgo PrefectureJapan1991[37]
Atelier in Oyodo IIOsakaJapan1991
Time's IIKyotoJapan1991
Museum of LiteratureHimeji, HyōgoJapan1991
Sayoh HousingHyōgo PrefectureJapan1991
Minolta Seminar HouseKobeJapan1991
Benesse HouseNaoshima, KagawaJapan1992[38]
Japanese Pavilion for Expo 92SevilleSpain1992
Otemae Art CenterNishinomiya, Hyōgo PrefectureJapan1992
Forest of Tombs MuseumKumamoto PrefectureJapan1992
Rokko Housing TwoRokko, KobeJapan1993
Vitra Seminar HouseWeil am RheinGermany1993
Gallery NodaKobeJapan1993
YKK Seminar HouseChiba PrefectureJapan1993
Suntory MuseumOsakaJapan1994
Maxray Headquarters BuildingOsakaJapan1994
Chikatsu Asuka MuseumOsaka PrefectureJapan1994
Kiyo Bank, Sakai BuildingSakai, OsakaJapan1994
Garden of Fine ArtKyotoJapan1994
Museum of wood cultureKami, Hyōgo PrefectureJapan1994
Inamori AuditoriumKagoshimaJapan1994
Nariwa MuseumOkayama PrefectureJapan1994
Naoshima Contemporary Art MuseumNaoshima, KagawaJapan1995[39]
Atelier in Oyodo AnnexOsakaJapan1995
Nagaragawa Convention CenterGifuJapan1995
Naoshima Contemporary Art Museum AnnexNaoshima, Kagawa PrefectureJapan1995
Meditation Space, UNESCOParisFrance1995[40]
Asahi Beer Oyamazaki Villa Museum of ArtKyoto PrefectureJapan1995[41]
Shanghai Pusan Ferry TerminalOsakaJapan1996
Museum of Literature II, HimejiHyōgo PrefectureJapan1996
Gallery Chiisaime (Sawada House)Nishinomiya, Hyōgo PrefectureJapan1996
Museum of Gojo Culture & AnnexGojo, Nara PrefectureJapan1997
Toto Seminar HouseHyōgo PrefectureJapan1997
Yokogurayama Natural Forest MuseumKōchi PrefectureJapan1997
Harima Kogen Higashi Primary School & Junior High SchoolHyōgo PrefectureJapan1997
Koumi Kogen MuseumNagano PrefectureJapan1997
Eychaner/Lee HouseChicago, IllinoisUnited States1997
Daikoku Denki Headquarters BuildingAichi PrefectureJapan1998
Daylight MuseumShiga PrefectureJapan1998
Junichi Watanabe Memorial HallSapporoJapan1998
Asahi Shimbun Okayama BureauOkayamaJapan1998
Siddhartha Children and Women HospitalButwalNepal1998
Church of the Light Sunday SchoolIbaraki, Osaka PrefectureJapan1999
Rokko Housing III'KobeJapan1999
Shell Museum, NishinomiyaHyōgo PrefectureJapan1999
Fabrica (Benetton Communication Research Center)VillorbaItaly2000
Awaji-Yumebutai (34°33′40″N 135°00′29″E / 34.560983°N 135.008144°E / 34.560983; 135.008144[42])Hyōgo PrefectureJapan2000
Rockfield Shizuoka FactoryShizuokaJapan2000
Pulitzer Arts FoundationSt. Louis, MissouriUnited States2001
Komyo-ji (shrine)Saijō, EhimeJapan2001
Ryotaro Shiba Memorial MuseumHigashiosaka, Osaka prefectureJapan2001
Osaka Prefectural Sayamaike MuseumŌsakasayama, OsakaJapan2001
Teatro Armani-Armani World HeadquartersMilanItaly2001
Hyōgo Prefectural Museum of ArtKobe, Hyōgo PrefectureJapan2002[43]
Modern Art Museum of Fort WorthFort Worth, TexasUnited States2002[44]
Piccadilly GardensManchesterUnited Kingdom2002; part-demolished 2020.[45]
4x4 houseKobeJapan2003
Invisible HousePonzano VenetoItaly2004
Chichu Art MuseumNaoshima, KagawaJapan2004[46]
Langen FoundationNeussGermany2004[47]
Gunma Insect World Insect Observation HallKiryū, GunmaJapan2005
Picture Book MuseumIwaki, Fukushima PrefectureJapan2005[48]
Saka no Ue no Kumo MuseumMatsuyama, EhimeJapan2006
Morimoto (restaurant)Chelsea Market, ManhattanUnited States2005
Sakura GardenOsakaJapan2006
Omotesando Hills, Jingumae 4-ChomeTokyoJapan2006
House in ShigaŌtsu, ShigaJapan2006
21 21 Design SightMinato, TokyoJapan2007
Stone Hill Center expansion for the Clark Art InstituteWilliamstown, MassachusettsUnited States2008[49]
Glass HouseSeopjikojiSouth Korea2008[50]
Genius LociSeopjikojiSouth Korea2008[50]
Punta della Dogana (restoration)VeniceItaly2009[51]
House, stable, and mausoleum for fashion designer and film director Tom Ford's Cerro Pelon Ranchnear Santa Fe, New MexicoUnited States2009
Rebuilding the Kobe Kaisei HospitalNada Ward, KobeJapan2009
Gate of Creation, Universidad de MonterreyMonterreyMexico2009
NIWAKA BuildingKyotoJapan2009[52]
Capella Niseko Resort and ResidencesNiseko, Abuta District, Shiribeshi, Hokkaido PrefectureJapan2010
Interior design of Miklós Ybl VillaBudapestHungary2010
Kaminoge Station, Tokyu CorporationTokyoJapan2011
Centro Roberto Garza Sada of Art Architecture and DesignMonterreyMexico2012
Akita Museum of ArtAkita, AkitaJapan2012
Bonte MuseumSeogwipo, JejuSouth Korea2012[50]
Ando Museum Naoshima, Kagawa Japan 2013
Asia Museum of Modern ArtWufeng, TaichungTaiwan2013
Hansol Museum[53] (Museum SAN)WonjuSouth Korea2013
Aurora MuseumShanghaiChina2013
Richard Sachs ResidenceMalibuUnited States2013, partly demolished in 2022/23[54][55][56]
Visitor, Exhibition and Conference Center, Clark Art InstituteWilliamstown, MassachusettsUnited States2014
Casa WabiPuerto Escondido, OaxMexico2014[57]
William J. (Bill) and Maria Bell Residence (with WHY Architects) Malibu United States 2014[24][25]
JCC (Jaeneung Culture Center) Seoul South Korea 2015[58]
Hill of the Buddha Sapporo Japan 2015
Setouchi Aonagi Matsuyama, Ehime Japan 2015
Pearl Art Museum Shanghai China 2017
Yumin Art Nouveau Collection Seogwipo, Jeju South Korea 2017
152 Elizabeth Street Condominiums New York, New York United States 2018
Wrightwood 659 Chicago United States 2018[59]
Nakanoshima Children's Book Forest Osaka Japan 2020[60]
LG Arts Center SEOUL Seoul South Korea 2022[61]
Valley Gallery Naoshima Japan 2022
Realm of the LightNew Taipei CityTaiwan2023
MPavilion Melbourne, Australia Australia 2023
Dubai Museum of Art (DUMA)[62] Dubai United Arab Emirates

Awards

[edit]
Kaminoge Station in Tokyo
The interior of the Omotesando Hills shopping complex in Tokyo
AwardOrganization/locationCountryDate
Annual Prize (Row House, Sumiyoshi)Architectural Institute of JapanJapan1979
Cultural Design Prize (Rokko Housing One and Two)TokyoJapan1983
Alvar Aalto MedalFinnish Association of ArchitectsFinland1985
Gold Medal of ArchitectureFrench Academy of ArchitectureFrance1989
Carlsberg Architectural Prize (International)New Carlsberg Foundation, CopenhagenDenmark1992
Japan Art Academy PrizeJapan Art AcademyJapan1993
Asahi PrizeTokyoJapan1994
Pritzker Architecture Prize (International)ChicagoUnited States1995
Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts et des LettresParisFrance1995
Praemium Imperiale First “FRATE SOLE” Award in ArchitectureJapan Art AssociationJapan1996
Officier de l'Ordre des Arts et des LettresParisFrance1997
Royal Gold MedalRIBAGreat Britain1997
AIA Gold MedalAmerican Institute of ArchitectsUnited States2002
Kyoto PrizeInamori FoundationJapan2002
Person of Cultural MeritMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyJapan2003
UIA Gold MedalInternational Union of ArchitectsFrance2005
Order of CultureThe EmperorJapan2010
Neutra Medal for Professional ExcellenceCal Poly Pomona College of Environmental DesignUnited States2012[63]
Grand Officer of the Order of the Star of Italy[64]RomeItaly2013
Commandeur de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres[65]ParisFrance2013
Commandeur de l'Ordre de la Légion d'Honneur[66]ParisFrance2021
Compasso d'Oro[67]MilanItaly2024

Art

[edit]
Table of Pirosmani

Although widely known for his architecture rooted in Japanese minimalism and spiritual abstraction, Ando has also pursued sculpture and conceptual art.

One of his sculptural endeavors is the Table of Pirosmani project, a meditative work conceived as a tribute to a metaphorical collective grave of fallen dreams.[68] Art historian and curator Bernhard Boehler described the work: "The blue rose, historically a symbol of the impossible or the unattainable, becomes in Ando’s hands a quiet metaphor for unfulfilled desire, unloved hidden lives, and forgotten beauty."[69]

Blue Rose in the Cube Study 1 shown in "The Challenge" Armani/Silos exhibition in 2019

In 2018, Ando created a rare prototype titled Blue Rose in the Cube Study 1, a single rose suspended in a minimalist acrylic block. This piece marked the conceptual genesis of the full-scale Table of Pirosmani and remained in private collection until it appeared at Christie’s Post-War and Contemporary Art Online auction on March 12, 2025.[70]

The work achieved a sale price of $114,400, nearly nine times its low estimate of $12,600—an 804% increase. It ranked first among the top ten highest-value sales at the auction, outperforming works by David Hockney and Banksy.[71]

Exhibition Information

[edit]

An exhibition titled Tadao Ando: Youth was held from March 20 to July 21, 2025, at VS., a cultural apparatus located within Grand Green Osaka Ume-kita Park in Osaka, Japan.[72]

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ "Tadao Ando - Great Buildings Online". greatbuildings.com. Archived from the original on September 10, 2017. Retrieved May 7, 2018.
  2. 1 2 "Biography: Tadao Ando". The Pritzker Architecture Prize. Archived from the original on November 9, 2017. Retrieved March 4, 2008.
  3. 1 2 "Tadao Ando". Encyclopedia of World Biography. Advameg, Inc. Archived from the original on November 29, 2014. Retrieved November 18, 2014.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Aupting, Michael (2002). Seven Interviews with Tadao Ando. Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth. ISBN 1-903-942-10-1.
  5. ↑ 헤럴드경제 (August 29, 2012). "일본의 건축 거장 안도 다다오..."늘 도전하고 스스로 깨뜨려라"" (in Korean). Archived from the original on October 16, 2017. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
  6. ↑ Makiko Kitamura (September 29, 2009), Bono’s Home Designer Ando Plans Art Center at Provence Winery Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine Bloomberg.
  7. ↑ "Tadao Ando". Yatzer. November 8, 2016. Retrieved February 14, 2020.
  8. ↑ Masao Furuyama. “Tadao Ando” Taschen 2006 ISBN 978-3-8228-4895-1
  9. ↑ Werner Blaser, Tadao Ando, Architecktur der Stille, Architecture of Silence Birkhäuser 2001 ISBN 3-7643-6448-3
  10. ↑ Goldberger, Paul (April 23, 1995). "ARCHITECTURE VIEW; 'Laureate' in a Land of Zen and Microchips". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 14, 2020.
  11. ↑ Jin Baek. (2009). Nothingness : Tadao Ando's Christian Sacred Space. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-282-15316-5. OCLC 742294296.
  12. ↑ Jin Baek, Nothingness: Tadao Ando’s Christian Sacred Space Routledge 2009 ISBN 978-0-415-47854-0
  13. ↑ "Tadao Ando Builds With Nature In Mind". The Christian Science Monitor. February 18, 1994. ISSN 0882-7729. Retrieved February 14, 2020.
  14. ↑ Allen, Eric (July 23, 2016). "13 Examples of Modern Architecture by Tadao Ando". Architectural Digest. Retrieved February 14, 2020.
  15. ↑ Muschamp, Herbert. (1995). "Among the Fountains with Tadao Ando; Concrete Dreams In the Sun King's Court" New York Times September 21, 1995
  16. ↑ Brandon, Elissaveta M. (October 23, 2019). "50 Years of Japan's Changing Architectural Landscape". Architectural Digest. Retrieved February 14, 2020.
  17. 1 2 Goldberger, Paul. "Architecture View: 'Laureate' in a Land of Zen and Microchips," The New York Times. April 23, 1995.
  18. ↑ Bassin, Joan. "Frank Lloyd Wright's Imperial Hotel" Archived 2007-10-19 at the Wayback Machine, National Building Museum exhibition
  19. ↑ Lorraine Farrelly (2017). The Fundamentals of Architecture. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9781350034112.
  20. ↑ Adrian Forty (2013). Concrete and Culture: A Material History. Reaktion Books. pp. 129–131. ISBN 9781861899330.
  21. ↑ Schultz, Alex. "Beyonce and Jay-Z buy California's priciest home from soap opera fortune heir". SFGate. Retrieved April 3, 2024.
  22. 1 2 3 4 5 Clarke, Katherine; Solomont, E.B. (May 25, 2023). "Celebrities Like Beyoncé and Jay-Z Have a New Obsession: An 81-Year-Old Japanese Architect". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 1, 2024.
  23. ↑ "Jay-Z, Beyoncé break California record with $200M Malibu purchase". The Real Deal. May 19, 2023. Archived from the original on May 20, 2023. Retrieved May 20, 2023.
  24. 1 2 "Tadao Ando (1941–)". US Modernist. Archived from the original on January 30, 2023. Retrieved April 3, 2024.
  25. 1 2 3 4 Flemming, Jack (May 19, 2023). "Jay-Z and Beyoncé drop $200 million on Malibu mansion, setting a record in California". The Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on May 20, 2023. Retrieved April 3, 2024.
  26. ↑ Beckett, Lois (June 2, 2023). "An 'unbelievable deal'? The $200m mansion reportedly bought by Beyoncé and Jay Z". The Guardian. Retrieved April 3, 2024.
  27. ↑ Collins, Charlotte (May 19, 2023). "Beyoncé and Jay-Z Drop $200 Million on Most Expensive Home in California History". Architectural Digest. Retrieved April 1, 2024.
  28. ↑ "Architectural Pervious Concrete for a Malibu Residence". Pacific Pervious Concrete. November 16, 2017. Retrieved April 3, 2024.
  29. ↑ Beckett, Lois (June 2, 2023). "An 'unbelievable deal'? The $200m mansion reportedly bought by Beyoncé and Jay Z". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved April 8, 2024.
  30. ↑ Collins, Charlotte (May 19, 2023). "Beyoncé and Jay-Z Drop $200 Million on Most Expensive Home in California History". Architectural Digest. Retrieved April 8, 2024.
  31. ↑ Kamin, Debra (June 1, 2023). "Beyoncé and Jay-Z Join the $100 Million Home Club". The New York Times. Retrieved April 1, 2024.
  32. ↑ Schultz, Alex. "Beyonce and Jay-Z buy California's priciest home from soap opera fortune heir". SFGate. Retrieved April 3, 2024.
  33. ↑ Bashian, Lori (January 4, 2024). "Beyoncé, Jay-Z purchase of Malibu beach mansion most expensive real estate sale of 2023". Fox Business. Retrieved April 1, 2024.
  34. ↑ Nobi, Sacré (October 25, 2006). "An Encounter". What We Do Is Secret. Archived from the original on March 26, 2011. Retrieved June 19, 2008.
  35. ↑ "The Church of Light - Tadao Ando". November 25, 2001. Archived from the original on April 8, 2007. Retrieved June 19, 2008.
  36. ↑ Michelle Chan (February 23, 2000). "Church of the Light - Tadao Ando". Arch.mcgill.ca. Archived from the original on September 9, 2015. Retrieved January 3, 2014.
  37. ↑ Floornature - architectural news, design and information resource for ceramic tile and stone Archived 2004-09-15 at the Wayback Machine
  38. ↑ Williams, Ingrid K (August 26, 2011). "Japanese Island as Unlikely Arts Installation". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
  39. ↑ "ベネッセアートサイト直島". ベネッセアートサイト直島. Retrieved May 7, 2018.[dead link]
  40. ↑ Furuyama, Masao. "Ando (Basic Art Series)". www.taschen.com. pp. 71–72. Retrieved January 30, 2021.
  41. ↑ "Asahi Beer Oyamazaki Villa Museum of Art". Asahibeer-oyamazaki.com. December 26, 2013. Archived from the original on January 3, 2014. Retrieved January 3, 2014.
  42. ↑ "Wikimapia - Let's describe the whole world!". wikimapia.org. Archived from the original on 4 August 2011. Retrieved 7 May 2018.
  43. ↑ "Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art". Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art_Architectural Overview. Archived from the original on September 28, 2017. Retrieved September 28, 2017.
  44. ↑ Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth Archived 2004-08-14 at the Wayback Machine
  45. ↑ "C20 condemns the demolition of Tadao Ando's wall in Manchester". Twentieth Century Society. November 17, 2020. Retrieved December 1, 2020.
  46. ↑ Chichu Art Museum Archived 2005-04-28 at the Wayback Machine
  47. ↑ "Langen Foundation". Langenfoundation.de. Archived from the original on January 24, 2013. Retrieved January 3, 2014.
  48. ↑ "Works 安藤忠雄 Tadao Ando". Tadao-ando.com. Archived from the original on January 28, 2014. Retrieved January 3, 2014.
  49. ↑ "Clark Art Institute". Andotadao.org. March 14, 2009. Archived from the original on September 23, 2015. Retrieved January 3, 2014.
  50. 1 2 3 Shim, Youngkyu (November 19, 2013). "Here, Now, Ando Tadao". Space Magazine. Seoul. Archived from the original on November 8, 2014. Retrieved November 8, 2014.
  51. ↑ "Arte contemporanea | Palazzo Grassi" (in Italian). Palazzograssi.it. December 18, 2013. Archived from the original on January 11, 2014. Retrieved January 3, 2014.
  52. ↑ "NIWAKA Kyoto flagship store / Tadao Ando: TATEMOG". kenchiqoo.net. Retrieved May 7, 2018.
  53. ↑ Woo-young, Lee (May 16, 2013). "Nature and art become one at Hansol Museum". The Korea Herald. Seoul. Archived from the original on November 2, 2013. Retrieved April 4, 2014.
  54. ↑ Katherine Clarke (February 24, 2020), In Malibu, A Concrete Compound Designed By Japanese Starchitect Asks $75 Million Wall Street Journal.
  55. ↑ James McClain (September 21, 2021), Kanye West Buys Tadao Ando-Designed Malibu House ARTnews.
  56. ↑ Ian Parker: Kanye West Bought an Architectural Treasure - Then Gave it a Violent Remix The New Yorker, June 10, 2024
  57. ↑ "Acerca de..About". casawabi. Archived from the original on April 10, 2017. Retrieved April 9, 2017.
  58. ↑ "Insight Trip_Jaeneung Culture Center and Naksan Park". webzine.etri.re.kr. Archived from the original on September 28, 2017. Retrieved September 28, 2017.
  59. ↑ "Inside Wrightwood 659, a New Home for Art and Architecture". WTTW News. Retrieved April 24, 2019.
  60. ↑ "Nakanoshima Children's Book Forest". Retrieved December 18, 2020.
  61. ↑ "LG Arts Center Seoul to reopen in western Seoul this week". Yonhap News Agency. October 12, 2022. Retrieved April 26, 2023.
  62. ↑ "Dubai is getting a floating Museum of Art — here's what to expect | Time Out Dubai". October 27, 2025. Retrieved October 27, 2025.
  63. ↑ "ENV college awards architect Tadao Ando". The Poly Post. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved September 29, 2017.
  64. ↑ web, Segretariato generale della Presidenza della Repubblica-Servizio sistemi informatici- reparto. "Le onorificenze della Repubblica Italiana". Quirinale. Archived from the original on July 7, 2014. Retrieved May 7, 2018.
  65. ↑ Ambafrance
  66. ↑ Ambafrance
  67. ↑ Lempi, Veronica (June 22, 2024). "XXVIII Compasso d'Oro Adi: here are the winners". Interni Magazine. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
  68. ↑ "Exhibition of Niko Pirosmani's works opened at ALBERTINA Museum in Vienna". 1TV. Retrieved April 15, 2025.
  69. ↑ "Tadao Ando's Sculptural Requiem: The Table of Pirosmani – A Memorial to Unfulfilled Longing – Bernhard Boehler & Associates". Retrieved April 15, 2025.
  70. ↑ Christies. "TADAO ANDO (B. 1941)". Christies.com. Retrieved April 15, 2025.
  71. ↑ "Tadao Ando Leads Christie's Online $1.84m 'Post-War and Contemporary Art Online' Auction". HENI News. Retrieved April 15, 2025.
  72. ↑ "Tadao Ando Exhibition "Youth"". VS. - GRAND GREEN OSAKA. Retrieved February 11, 2026.

Literature

[edit]
  • Francesco Dal Co. Tadao Ando: Complete Works. Phaidon Press, 1997. ISBN 0-7148-3717-2
  • Kenneth Frampton. Tadao Ando: Buildings, Projects, Writings. Rizzoli International Publications, 1984. ISBN 0-8478-0547-6
  • Randall J. Van Vynckt. International Dictionary of Architects and Architecture. St. James Press, 1993. ISBN 1-55862-087-7
  • Masao Furuyama. “Tadao Ando”. Taschen, 2006. ISBN 978-3-8228-4895-1
  • Werner Blaser, “Tadao Ando, Architecktur der Stille, Architecture of silence” Birkhäuser, 2001. ISBN 3-7643-6448-3
  • Jin Baek, “Nothingness: Tadao Ando’s Christian Sacred Space”. Routledge, 2009. ISBN 978-0-415-47854-0
[edit]
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