Timeline of Helsinki
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Helsinki, Finland.
Prior to 19th century
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- 1550 - Trading town established by Gustav I of Sweden.[1]
- 1569 - City privileges granted.[2]
- 1570 - Fire.[2]
- 1616 - "Diet of Finland held in Helsinki."[2]
- 1640 - Helsinki relocated across Kluuvinlahti bay to Vironniemi"[2]
- 1654 - Fire.[2]
- 1695 - Famine begins.[2]
- 1710 - Plague.[2]
- 1713 - Helsinki taken by Russian forces.[3]
- 1727 - Ulrika Eleonora Church built.
- 1742 - Helsinki occupied by Russians again.[3]
- 1743 - Herring fair begins.[citation needed]
- 1748 - Sveaborg fortress construction begins.[3]
- 1757 - Sederholm house built.[2]
19th century
[edit]
- 1808
- Suomenlinna fortress surrenders to Russia.[4]
- Fire.[2]
- 1810 - Population: 4,065.[5]
- 1812
- Helsinki becomes capital of Grand Duchy of Finland.[6]
- Esplanadi park opens.
- 1815 - Helsinki Orthodox Cemetery established.
- 1819 - Sinebrychoff Brewery founded.
- 1822 - Government Palace built.
- 1826 - Helsinki Old Church built.
- 1827 - Engels Teater, the first theatre, is built.[2]
- 1828 - The Royal Academy of Turku relocates to Helsinki.[3]
- 1829 - Hietaniemi cemetery and University of Helsinki Botanical Garden[7] established.
- 1838 - Kaivohuone built.[8]
- 1844 - The state girls' school Svenska fruntimmersskolan i Helsingfors is opened.
- 1846 - Finnish Art Society[9] and symphony orchestra[10] founded.
- 1847 - Suometar newspaper begins publication.
- 1848 - Drawing school established.[9]
- 1849 - Helsinki University of Technology founded.
- 1852
- St Nicholas' Church built.[3]
- "Students Library" established.[11]
- 1860
- Swedish Theatre built.
- Population: 22,228.[5]
- 1862 - First Helsinki railway station opens with service to Hämeenlinna.[3]
- 1864 - Hufvudstadsbladet newspaper begins publication.[12]
- 1868 - Uspenski Cathedral built.
- 1870 - St. Petersburg-Helsinki railway built.[3]
- 1871 - University of Arts and Design founded.
- 1872 - Helsinki typesetter strike of 1872.
- 1873 - First Finnish opera, Suomalainen Ooppera, is inaugurated.
- 1875 - City Council of Helsinki established.[2]
- 1879 - Alexander Theatre built.
- 1881 - Rikhardinkatu Library opens.[2]
- 1882
- Helsinki Music Institute[13] and Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra[14] established.
- Population: 45,919.[15]
- 1884 - Electric power plant begins operating.[2]
- 1886 - Kaivopuisto park established.
- 1887 - Ateneum[9] and Hotel Kämp built.
- 1888 - Kauppahalli built.[16]
- 1889
- Zoo opens.
- Päivälehti and Helsingin Sanomat newspapers begin publication.[12]
- 1890 - Population: 61,530.[5]
- 1891
- 1893
- Helsinki harbour rail begins operating.
- Winter garden opens.
- 1894 - Statue of Alexander II of Russia erected in Senate Square.
- 1895 - Demari newspaper begins publication.
- 1896 - Population: 77,484.[17]
- 1898 - Kauppalehti newspaper in publication.[12]
- 1900 - Electric tram begins operating.[2]
20th century
[edit].jpg)
1900s-1940s
[edit]- 1902 - Finnish National Theatre building constructed.
- 1904
- Assassination of Governor-General Nikolai Bobrikov by Eugen Schauman.[18]
- Population: 111,654.[5]
- 1906
- 26 February: 1906 Helsinki bank robbery.
- Helsinki Synagogue built.
- 1908 - Helsinki Workers' House built.
- 1909 - Seurasaari Open-Air Museum and Olympia cinema[19] established.
- 1911
- Helsinki School of Economics founded.
- Domestic Opera founded.[citation needed]
- Helsinki City Museum opens.[20]
- 1912
- Helsinki Stock Exchange founded.
- Kallio Church inaugurated.[21]
- 1917
- May: 1917 Helsinki church riot occurs.
- Helsinki Workers' Council formed.[22]
- 1916 - National Museum of Finland opens.
- 1918
- Civil war.[3]
- British submarine flotilla in harbor.
- 1919
- 16 May: Victory day.
- Helsinki Central railway station, designed by Eliel Saarinen, opens.[16]
- Population: 187,544.[23]
- 1922 - Arthur Castrén becomes mayor.[24]
- 1924 - Natural History Museum of Helsinki established.
- 1926
- Yleisradio begins broadcasting.
- Citizens' College Helsinki founded.[13]
- 1928 - Merano cinema opens.
- 1930 - Population: 205,833.
- 1931
- Antti Tulenheimo becomes mayor.[24]
- Parliament House built.
- Hotel Torni opens.
- 1932
- Eläintarhan ajot (motor race) begins.
- Ilta-Sanomat newspaper begins publication.
- 1936 - Lasipalatsi built.
- 1937 - Savoy hotel founded.[16]
- 1938
- May: Second International Aeronautic Exhibition held.
- Helsinki-Malmi Airport and Stadium open.
- Klaus Kurki hotel established.[25]
- Tennispalatsi built.
- 1939 - Bombing by Soviets.
- 1944
- Bombing by Soviets.
- Eero Rydman becomes mayor.[24]
- 1946 - Haaga, Huopalahti, Kulosaari, and Oulunkylä become part of city.[2]
- 1947 - Helsinki Swimming Stadium built.
1950s-1990s
[edit]- 1950
- Linnanmäki amusement park opens.[2]
- Population: 368,519.
- 1951 - Marimekko founded.
- 1952
- Helsinki Airport opens.
- 1952 Summer Olympics held in Helsinki.[2]
- 1956 - Lauri Aho becomes mayor.[24]
- 1957 - Kansan Uutiset newspaper begins publication.
- 1960
- Mosque established.[26]
- Lake Bodom murders occur.
- 1962
- City hosts World Festival of Youth and Students.
- Enzo-Gutzeit building constructed.[16]
- 1964 - Orion (cinema) active.[19]
- 1965
- International Jean Sibelius Violin Competition begins.
- Helsinki City Theatre established.[27]
- 1966 - Helsinki Ice Hall opens.
- 1967 - Sibelius Monument unveiled.[2]
- 1968
- Teuvo Aura becomes mayor.[24]
- Helsinki Festival begins.
- 1969 - Temppeliaukio Church consecrated.
- 1970 - Helsinki Metropolitan Area Council created.[28]
- 1971 - Finlandia Hall built.[16]
- 1973 - Population: 510,614 city; 821,505 urban agglomeration.[29]
- 1975
- 1979
- Raimo Ilaskivi becomes mayor.[24]
- Lepakkoluola formed.
- Helsinki Theatre Academy founded.
- 1980
- 1982
- Helsinki Metro begins operating.[2]
- Sibelius Academy active.[13]
- 1984 - Itäkeskus shopping mall built.[2]
- 1986 - Mosque founded.[31]
- 1989 - Night of the Arts begins.
- 1990 - Finnish National Gallery established.[9]
- 1991
- Linux software created by university student.
- Kari Rahkamo becomes mayor.[24]
- 1993
- Helsinki Opera House opens.[3]
- National Defence College (Finland) established.[13]
- 1995
- Spårakoff pub tram begins operating.
- Population: 515,765.
- 1996
- Eva-Riitta Siitonen becomes mayor.[24]
- Helsinki Motor Show begins.
- 1997
- Taloussanomat newspaper begins publication.
- Hartwall Areena opens.
- 1998 - Kiasma museum inaugurated.[3]
- 1999 - Finnkino Tennispalatsi (cinema) opens.[19]
21st century
[edit]- 2002 - 11 October: Myyrmanni bombing occurs in nearby Vantaa.
- 2005 - Jussi Pajunen becomes mayor.[24]
- 2007
- 2009
- Helsinki Regional Transport Authority formed.
- Kumpula Garden opens.
- Prisma Itäkeskus shopping centre built.[32]
- 2010 - Aalto University formed.
- 2011
- Restaurant Day begins.[32]
- Sipoonkorpi National Park established.
- Helsinki Music Centre built.
- Helsinki Region Infoshare launched.[33]
- 2012
- Population: 596,233.
- City designated World Design Capital.
- 2017
- Jan Vapaavuori becomes mayor.[34]
- Länsimetro (western metro extension) opens.[35]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ↑ Richard D. Lewis (2005). "Finnish History: Chronology". Finland, Cultural Lone Wolf. Nicholas Brealey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-931930-49-9.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 City Museum. "History of Helsinki (timeline)". City of Helsinki. Archived from the original on 18 April 2012. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Brief history of Helsinki". City of Helsinki. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
- ↑ Haydn 1910.
- 1 2 3 4 Britannica 1910.
- ↑ "Finland Profile: Timeline", BBC News, 7 March 2012, retrieved 30 September 2015
- ↑ "Garden Search: Finland". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
- ↑ Kaivohuone Helsingin viihde-elämässä jo lähes 200 vuotta – myös tänä kesänä – City (in Finnish)
- 1 2 3 4 Finnish National Gallery. "History". Archived from the original on 10 December 2011. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
- ↑ Donna M. Di Grazia, ed. (2013). Nineteenth-Century Choral Music. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-98852-0.
- ↑ "Leading Libraries of the World: Russia and Finland". American Library Annual. New York: R.R. Bowker Co. 1916. pp. 477–478.
Helsingfors
- 1 2 3 "Finland". Europa World Year Book. Europa Publications. 2004. ISBN 978-1-85743-254-1.
- 1 2 3 4 Walter Rüegg [in German], ed. (2011). "Universities founded in Europe between 1945 and 1995". Universities Since 1945. History of the University in Europe. Vol. 4. Cambridge University Press. pp. 575–594. ISBN 978-1-139-49425-0.
- ↑ Colin Lawson, ed. (2003). "Orchestras Founded in the 19th Century (chronological list)". Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00132-8.
- ↑ Hunter, Brian; Paxton, John; Steinberg, S. H.; Epstein, Mortimer; Renwick, Isaac Parker Anderson; Keltie, John Scott; Martin, Frederick (1885). "Russia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590469.
- 1 2 3 4 5 New York Times 2006.
- ↑ Uschakoff 1898.
- ↑ Rainer, Langstedt. "Eugen Schauman". www.langstedt.us. Retrieved 26 January 2026.
- 1 2 3 "Movie Theaters in Helsinki, Finland". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
- ↑ City Museum. "Hakasalmi Villa - History of the museum building". City of Helsinki. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) - ↑ Meinander 2025, p. 144.
- ↑ Anthony F. Upton (1980). The Finnish Revolution: 1917-1918. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-0905-5.
- ↑ "Finland". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440 – via HathiTrust.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "City of Helsinki Mayors 1922-". City of Helsinki. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
- ↑ Klaus K Hotel. "History". Retrieved 25 July 2012.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) - ↑ Jørgen S. Nielsen; et al., eds. (2013). "Finland". Yearbook of Muslims in Europe. Vol. 5. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-25586-9.
- ↑ Don Rubin; et al., eds. (1994). "Finland". World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre: Europe. Routledge. pp. 250+. ISBN 9780415251570.
- ↑ Major Cities and Their Peripheries: Co-operation and Co-ordinated Management. Local and Regional Authorities in Europe. Council of Europe Press. 1993. ISBN 978-92-871-2394-7.
- ↑ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ↑ Bernard A. Cook, ed. (2013). "Chronology of Major Political Events". Europe Since 1945: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-17939-7.
- ↑ Göran Larsson, ed. (2009). Islam in the Nordic and Baltic Countries. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-01292-3.
- 1 2 Hämäläinen 2014.
- ↑ "How Helsinki mashed up "open data" with regionalism". CitiScope. USA. April 2014.
- ↑ "Kaupunginvaltuusto valitsi pormestarin ja apulaispormestarit". Helsingin kaupunki. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
- ↑ Meinander 2025, p. 262.
This article incorporates information from the Finnish Wikipedia and German Wikipedia.
Bibliography
[edit]- "Helsingforss", Hand-book for Northern Europe, London: John Murray, 1849
- "Helsingfors", Hand-book for Travellers in Russia, Poland, and Finland (New ed.), London: John Murray, 1865
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). 1910. p. 252.
- "Helsinki: City With its Heart in the Country", National Geographic Magazine, vol. 160, Washington DC, 1981
- R.W. Apple Jr. (16 July 2006). "Helsinki's Shining Season". New York Times.
- Timo Hämäläinen [in Finnish] (23 June 2014), "Urbanist's guide to Helsinki", The Guardian, UK
- Erik Ehrström (1890), Helsingfors stads historia från 1640 till stora ofreden / Erik Ehrström., Skrifter utgivna av Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland (in Swedish), Helsinki: Society of Swedish Literature in Finland, ISSN 0039-6842, Wikidata Q113383176
- Meinander, Henrik (2025). Helsinki: The History of a Nordic City. Translated by Robinson, Richard (1st ed.). La Vergne: C. Hurst and Company. ISBN 978-1-80526-458-3.
- P. Nordmann, Bidrag till Helsingfors stads historia [Contributions to Helsinki History], Skrifter utgifna af Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland; 69, 72, 76, 82, 86 (in Swedish) – via HathiTrust 1905–1908, 5 vols.
- Petrus Nordmann (1905), Bidrag till Helsingfors stads historia. 1 / samlade och utgifna af P. Nordmann., Skrifter utgivna av Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland (in Swedish), Helsinki: Society of Swedish Literature in Finland, ISSN 0039-6842, Wikidata Q113394131
- Petrus Nordmann (1906), Bidrag till Helsingfors stads historia. 2 / samlade och utgifna af P. Nordmann., Skrifter utgivna av Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland (in Swedish), Helsinki: Society of Swedish Literature in Finland, ISSN 0039-6842, Wikidata Q65524878
- Petrus Nordmann (1906), Bidrag till Helsingfors stads historia. 3 / samlade och utgifna af P. Nordmann., Skrifter utgivna av Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland (in Swedish), Helsinki: Society of Swedish Literature in Finland, ISSN 0039-6842, Wikidata Q113394136
- Petrus Nordmann (1908), Bidrag till Helsingfors stads historia. 4 / samlade och utgifna af P. Nordmann., Skrifter utgivna av Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland (in Swedish), Helsinki: Society of Swedish Literature in Finland, ISSN 0039-6842, Wikidata Q113396126
- Petrus Nordmann (1908), Bidrag till Helsingfors stads historia. 5, Gamla Helsingfors 1550-1640 / samlade och utgifna af P. Nordmann., Skrifter utgivna av Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland (in Swedish), Helsinki: Society of Swedish Literature in Finland, ISSN 0039-6842, Wikidata Q113396159
- William Henry Overall, ed. (1870). "Helsingfors". Dictionary of Chronology. London: William Tegg. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949.
- I. Uschakoff, ed. (1898). "Helsinki". Suomi: hakemisto sisältävä maantieteellistilastollisia ja teollisuutta koskevia tietoja [Finland: Directory] (in Finnish). Helsinki: Weilin & Göös.
- Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Helsingfors, Finland", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co., hdl:2027/loc.ark:/13960/t89g6g776
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of Helsinki.
- Europeana. Items related to Helsinki, various dates.
- Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Helsinki, various dates
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