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Methanesulfonamide
Identifiers
CAS Number	3144-09-0 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL305268;
ChemSpider	65711;
ECHA InfoCard	100.019.594
EC Number	221-553-6;
PubChem CID	72879;
UNII	98YB2P6NHR ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID3062865 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/CH5NO2S/c1-5(2,3)4/h1H3,(H2,2,3,4) Key: HNQIVZYLYMDVSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N;
	SMILES CS(=O)(=O)N;
Properties
Chemical formula	CH5NO2S
Molar mass	95.12 g·mol−1
Hazards
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Warning
Hazard statements	H315, H319, H335
Precautionary statements	P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, P501
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Methanesulfonamide is a chemical compound and the simplest representative of the substance group of sulfonamides.

Preparation and synthesis

Methanesulfonamide is prepared by reacting methanesulfonyl chloride with ammonia.^[1]^[2] Alternatively, the compound can be obtained by reacting the magnesium salt of methanesulfonic acid with hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid ^[3] or by reduction (here: the Staudinger reaction) of methanesulfonyl azide with triphenylphosphine in methanol.^[4]

Properties

From a solution of methanesulfonamide in heptane, single crystals of the compound are obtained as semi-transparent, white tablets. X-ray structure analysis yields an O–S–O valence angle of 119°, which deviates significantly from the tetrahedral angle of 109.47°. At 161 picometers, the sulfur–nitrogen bond length is significantly shorter than that of a typical single bond (173 picometers) and corresponds to the shortened bond length observed in other sulfonamides. This is presumably caused by a coordinative bond between the lone pair of the amino group and the atomic orbital of the sulfur atom.^[5]

Use

Various reagents for chemical syntheses can be produced from methanesulfonamide. For example, methanesulfonamide 1, p-toluenesulfonic acid 2 and 1,1-dimethoxy-2-(methylthio)ethane 3 yield N-(2-methylthio-1-p-toluenesufonylethyl)methanesulfonamide 4, a key compound in the synthesis of symmetrically substituted porphyrins.^[1]^[6]

In Sharpless dihydroxylation, the oxidation of olefins with potassium hexacyanidoferrate(III) and osmium(VIII) oxide to cis-vicinal-diols, methanesulfonamide acts as a catalyst in the final hydrolysis step during protonation of the osmium intermediate.^[7]

References

1 2 Nachimuthu Soundararajan, Danielle Jacobs (2007), "Methanesulfonamide", Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, doi:10.1002/9780470842898.rm074.pub2, ISBN 978-0-471-93623-7
↑ US 3574740A, Martin Le Roy, "Method of Preparing Methane Sulfonamide and its Derivatives", published 1971-04-13, assigned to Pennwalt Corp.
↑ Horng-Chih Huang, Emily J. Reinhard, David B. Reitz (1994), "A novel one-pot conversion of methyl sulfones to sulfonamides", Tetrahedron Letters, vol. 35, no. 39, pp. 7201–7204, doi:10.1016/0040-4039(94)85360-6{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Bikash Pal, Parasuraman Jaisankar, Venkatachalam S. Giri (2004), "Versatile Reagent for Reduction of Azides to Amines", Synthetic Communications, vol. 34, no. 7, pp. 1317–1323, doi:10.1081/SCC-120030322{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ L. G. Vorontsova (1967), "Crystal and molecular structure of methanesulfonamide", Journal of Structural Chemistry, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 275–277, Bibcode:1967JStCh...7..275V, doi:10.1007/BF00744308
↑ Hideki Kinoshita, Shingo Tanaka, Katsuhiko Inomata (1989), "An Improved Method for the Preparation of Symmetrically Substituted Porphyrins via 2-Methoxymethyl-3,4-disubstituted Pyrrole Derivatives", Chemistry Letters, vol. 18, no. 7, pp. 1107–1108, doi:10.1246/cl.1989.1107{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Mikko H. Junttila, Osmo O. E. Hormi (2009), "Methanesulfonamide: a Cosolvent and a General Acid Catalyst in Sharpless Asymmetric Dihydroxylations", The Journal of Organic Chemistry, vol. 74, no. 8, pp. 3038–3047, doi:10.1021/jo8026998, PMID 19301884

[EncROS-1] 1 2 Nachimuthu Soundararajan, Danielle Jacobs (2007), "Methanesulfonamide", Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, doi:10.1002/9780470842898.rm074.pub2, ISBN 978-0-471-93623-7

[2] US 3574740A, Martin Le Roy, "Method of Preparing Methane Sulfonamide and its Derivatives", published 1971-04-13, assigned to Pennwalt Corp.

[3] Horng-Chih Huang, Emily J. Reinhard, David B. Reitz (1994), "A novel one-pot conversion of methyl sulfones to sulfonamides", Tetrahedron Letters, vol. 35, no. 39, pp. 7201–7204, doi:10.1016/0040-4039(94)85360-6{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[4] Bikash Pal, Parasuraman Jaisankar, Venkatachalam S. Giri (2004), "Versatile Reagent for Reduction of Azides to Amines", Synthetic Communications, vol. 34, no. 7, pp. 1317–1323, doi:10.1081/SCC-120030322{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[5] L. G. Vorontsova (1967), "Crystal and molecular structure of methanesulfonamide", Journal of Structural Chemistry, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 275–277, Bibcode:1967JStCh...7..275V, doi:10.1007/BF00744308

[6] Hideki Kinoshita, Shingo Tanaka, Katsuhiko Inomata (1989), "An Improved Method for the Preparation of Symmetrically Substituted Porphyrins via 2-Methoxymethyl-3,4-disubstituted Pyrrole Derivatives", Chemistry Letters, vol. 18, no. 7, pp. 1107–1108, doi:10.1246/cl.1989.1107{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[7] Mikko H. Junttila, Osmo O. E. Hormi (2009), "Methanesulfonamide: a Cosolvent and a General Acid Catalyst in Sharpless Asymmetric Dihydroxylations", The Journal of Organic Chemistry, vol. 74, no. 8, pp. 3038–3047, doi:10.1021/jo8026998, PMID 19301884

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