Helcion concolor
| Helcion concolor | |
|---|---|
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| Helcion concolor shell | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Patellogastropoda |
| Family: | Patellidae |
| Genus: | Helcion |
| Species: | H. concolor |
| Binomial name | |
| Helcion concolor (Krauss, 1848) | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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Helcion concolor known by the common name variable limpet, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Patellidae, one of the families of true limpets.[1]
Taxonomy
[edit]The species was first described in 1848 by the German scientist Christian Ferdinand Friedrich Krauss (as Patella concolor).[2]
Distribution
[edit]H. concolor occurs in the Indian Ocean off of Mozambique and South Africa, where the water typically ranges between 20-25°C (68-77°F)[3]
Description
[edit]H. concolor typically ranges between 30 mm and 60 mm.[4] Coloration varies widely; individual shells may be white, yellow, russet, or black and may feature spots or rays of various widths. Coloration does not appear to vary with distribution or zonation. The cusps of the radula teeth are sharply pointed.[5]
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Behavior and Ecology
[edit]In a 1975 paper, South African cnidariologist George Branch noted a tendency for larger individuals to migrate further upshore and space out further than their smaller counterparts. Larger individuals (over 35mm) were noted to return to a "home scar" after feeding with the majority of studied specimens remaining in or returning to the same scar over a 10-day observation period. Smaller individuals (under 20mm) did not have a fixed scar but tended to return to a general area when not feeding.[5]
H. concolor is a non-territorial broswer.[6] An examination of the gut contents of fifty individuals of the species noted that most had consumed large quantities of sand along with smaller quantities of diatoms, sponge spicules, algae fragments, lichens, and detritus.[5]
Relationship with humans
[edit]H. concolor is one of a number of limpet species commonly eaten by humans.[5][7] In his 1975 paper, Branch noted that the mollusc featured in the diets of indigenous people of southeastern South Africa, particularly in instances of drought and crop failure when other food became scarce. He recounts that H. concolor (then called Patella concolor) and Cellana capensis were favored "because they yield a reasonable quantity of meat and the flesh is easily removed. The entire animal is eaten, after removal of the radula from larger specimens." Branch noted that both species were at particular risk of being harvested as their tendency to reside in the balanoid zone made them easily accessible. He recorded a decrease in both size and number of some populations which he attributed to human predation.[5]
References
[edit]- 1 2 Helcion concolor (Krauss, 1848). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 10 July 2012.
- ↑ Krauss, Ferdinand (1848). Die südafrikanischen Mollusken; ein Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Mollusken des Kap- und Natallandes und zur geographischen Verbreitung derselben, mit Beschreibung und Abbildung der neuen Arten. Ebner & Seubert.
- ↑ "Helcion concolor | Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS)". obis.org. Retrieved 9 June 2026.
- ↑ "Helcion (Helcion) concolor - Gastropods by Eddie Hardy". www.conchology.be. Retrieved 9 June 2026.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Branch, G. M. (1975). "Notes on the Ecology of Patella Concolor and Cellana Capensis , and the Effects of Human Consumption on Limpet Populations". Zoologica Africana. 10 (1): 75–85. doi:10.1080/00445096.1975.11447494. ISSN 0044-5096.
- ↑ Mmonwa, Kolobe L.; Teske, Peter R.; McQuaid, Christopher D.; Barker, Nigel P. (2017). "Evolution of foraging behaviour: Deep intra-generic genetic divergence between territorial and non-territorial southern African patellid limpets". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 117: 95–101. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.05.024.
- ↑ Nakin, Mdv; Booth, Aj; McQuaid, Cd (20 January 2012). "Species-specific effects of marine reserves: mortality and growth differ within and among heavily exploited and rarely exploited limpets". Marine Ecology Progress Series. 445: 53–63. doi:10.3354/meps09470. ISSN 0171-8630.
- Kalk, M. (1958). The fauna of the intertidal rocks at Inhaca Island, Delagoa Bay. Ann. Natal Mus. 14: 189–242.
- Kilburn, R. N. 1972. Taxonomic notes on South African marine Mollusca (2), with the description of new species and subspecies of Conus, Nassarius, Vexillum and Demoulia. Annals of the Natal Museum 21(2):391–437, 15 figs.
- Kilburn, R.N. & Rippey, E. (1982) Sea Shells of Southern Africa. Macmillan South Africa, Johannesburg, xi + 249 pp. page(s): 37
- Steyn, D.G. & Lussi, M. (1998) Marine Shells of South Africa. An Illustrated Collector’s Guide to Beached Shells. Ekogilde Publishers, Hartebeespoort, South Africa, ii + 264 pp. page(s): 16
- Koufopanou et al. (1999). A molecular phylogeny of the patellid limpets (Gastropoda: Patellidae) and its implications for the origins of their antitropical distribution Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 11(1):138–156
- Branch, G.M. et al. (2002). Two Oceans. 5th impression. David Philip, Cate Town & Johannesburg
- Nakano & Ozawa (2007). Worldwide phylogeography of limpets of the order Patellogastropoda: Molecular, morphological and palaeontological evidence. Journal of Molluscan Studies 73(1) 79–99.
- Petit R.E. (2009) George Brettingham Sowerby, I, II & III: their conchological publications and molluscan taxa. Zootaxa 2189: 1–218
External links
[edit]- "Helcion (Helcion) concolor". Gastropods.com. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
- H. concolor distribution dataset from the Ocean Biodiversity Information System
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