Draft:Train.Red
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| Type | Private |
|---|---|
| Industry | Sports technology |
| Products | Wearable optical muscle oxygen sensors (FYER, PLUS) |
Train.Red is a Dutch sports technology company based in Elst, Netherlands, specializing in wearable optical muscle oxygenation sensors. The company develops non-invasive sensors utilizing near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to measure localized muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) and hemoglobin concentration dynamics in real time during physical exercise.[1]
History and Origins
[edit]Train.Red was established in the Netherlands as a commercial spin-off from Artinis Medical Systems B.V., a manufacturer of scientific and medical functional near-infrared spectroscopy ((f)NIRS) equipment.[2] The company was formed to adapt laboratory-grade optical sensing technology into portable, wearable hardware intended for athletic training, exercise physiologists, and sports performance monitoring.
Technology and Functionality
[edit]Train.Red sensors utilize multi-wavelength near-infrared light to measure relative changes in oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin within targeted skeletal muscle tissue. Based on optical spectroscopic algorithms derived from the modified Beer-Lambert law, the system evaluates muscle oxygenation kinetics.[3]
Key operational features of the technology include:
- Real-time monitoring of localized muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2).
- Tracking total hemoglobin dynamics (tHb) to evaluate local microvascular blood volume changes.
- Classification of physiological states (oxygen delivery versus consumption balance) during incremental and interval exercise.
- Assessment of muscular re-oxygenation dynamics post-exertion.
Unlike systemic physiological metrics such as heart rate or systemic oxygen uptake (VO2), NIRS-based wearable sensors provide localized measurements directly within specific muscle groups, such as the vastus lateralis.[4]
Research and Applications
[edit]Train.Red sensors have been integrated as data collection equipment in peer-reviewed scientific literature across sports science, kinesiology, and human physiology. Scientific applications incorporating these sensors include:
References
[edit]- ↑ Mizuno, S. (2024). "Comparison of muscle oxygenation and total hemoglobin levels during isokinetic contractions". BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation. 16 (1): 42. PMC 11052892. PMID 38670234.
- ↑ Colier, W. (2023). Assessing stability and accuracy of a novel commercial wearable near-infrared spectroscopy device. Proceedings of SPIE. Vol. 12375. pp. 123750A. doi:10.1117/12.2657434.
- ↑ Colier, W. (2023). Assessing stability and accuracy of a novel commercial wearable near-infrared spectroscopy device. Proceedings of SPIE. Vol. 12375. pp. 123750A. doi:10.1117/12.2657434.
- ↑ McCully, K. K. (2024). "Muscle Metabolism During Multiple Muscle Stimulation Using an Affordable Equipment". Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 9 (4): 224. PMC 11678476. PMID 39678120.
- ↑ Mizuno, S. (2024). "Comparison of muscle oxygenation and total hemoglobin levels during isokinetic contractions". BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation. 16 (1): 42. PMC 11052892. PMID 38670234.
- ↑ McCully, K. K. (2024). "Muscle Metabolism During Multiple Muscle Stimulation Using an Affordable Equipment". Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 9 (4): 224. PMC 11678476. PMID 39678120.
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