Draft:Toto Gagloev
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Alexander "Toto" Gagloev | |
|---|---|
| Native name | Гаглойты Тото |
| Born | Unknown (circa 1890s) |
| Died | Unknown Unknown |
| Allegiance |  Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Soviet Union |
Branch | Red Army, Partisan detachments |
Service years | 1917–1921 |
Rank | Partisan commander |
Conflicts | Russian Civil War Georgian-Ossetian war (1918-1921) Soviet invasion of Georgia |
| Other work | Co-founder of the State Archive of South Ossetia |
Alexander Grigoryevich Gagloev (known as Toto Gagloev; (Iron Ossetic: Gagloity Grigoriy fyrt Toto; c. 1890s — ?) was an Ossetian revolutionary, commander of partisan detachments in South Ossetia during the 1918–1921 period, a participant in the establishment of Soviet power in South Ossetia and Georgia, and one of the founders of the State Archive of South Ossetia.[1]
Biography
[edit]Early life and revolutionary activity
[edit]Toto Gagloev was born into a peasant family in South Ossetia in the 1890s. His exact date of birth and early childhood details are not documented in available sources. At the time of the February Revolution in 1917, he was at the Vozdvizhenskaya station in the North Caucasus as part of an Ossetian infantry brigade. He was elected chairman of the regimental committee and a member of the brigade committee.[1]
In the autumn of 1917, he was sent to Tskhinvali to communicate with the forming South Ossetian national regiment. He was offered a position in the regiment's command staff, but the Menshevik government of Georgia, fearing Bolshevik influence, prevented its formation. Gagloev returned to his native village and began conducting Bolshevik propaganda among the peasants.[1]
Creation of the Bolshevik committee and partisan detachment
[edit]In late 1917 — early 1918, Gagloev, together with Efrem (Tsutsu) Gagloev, decided to create a Bolshevik committee in the Vanel region and establish contact with the Regional Committee of the RCP(b). In March 1918, a Bolshevik committee was organized, consisting of: Toto Gagloev, Tsutsu Gagloev, Artem Gagloev, Nikolay Mardanov, and Tsitsa Gazzaev.[1]
Immediately after, they began forming a combat partisan detachment, consisting of demobilized soldiers from the Vanel and Roki Tunnel, numbering up to 300 people. Tsutsu Gagloev became the political leader, and Toto the commander of the detachment.[1]
Military actions, 1918–1920
[edit]In March 1918, Toto Gagloev's detachment set out to support the rebels of the Java and Tskhinvali regions fighting against Menshevik forces near Tskhinvali.[1]
In the summer of 1918, a decision was made to provide armed assistance to the rebels of the Dusheti, and Gagloev was sent to the Roki Tunnel for coordination. In October 1919, Toto Gagloev's detachment openly opposed the Menshevik government of Georgia, arresting police chief Mate Chabiev. However, the uprising was suspended on the orders of the Regional Committee from Tiflis.[1]
In December 1919, a punitive expedition was sent to South Ossetia. Gagloev's detachment, united with the Ruk detachment, took up positions in the Htota gorge. According to the resolution of the District Committee, it was decided not to engage the Menshevik in a disadvantageous battle. Members of the District Committee and the command staff retreated through the Main Caucasian Range to the north, to the Zak Gorge.[1]
In the spring of 1920, Gagloev reorganized the partisan detachment. The peasants of the Ruk arrested the Menshevik police and commissar Mate Chabiev. In June 1920, during the Menshevik offensive, Gagloev commanded a detachment that covered the retreat of refugees.[1]
Crossing the Zikar Pass and liberation of Tskhinvali in 1921
[edit]In Georgian-Ossetian war (1918-1921) During the advance on Java, Toto Gagloev commanded a mounted reconnaissance detachment. His reconnaissance was the first to report on the location of the Menshevik garrison in Java.[1]
In February 1921, a South Ossetian Revolutionary Committee was created in Vladikavkaz, and partisan detachments were formed, led by Sergei and Toto Gagloev. On 5 March 1921, Toto Gagloev's reserve detachment was the first to enter Tskhinvali, participating in the liberation of the city from the Mensheviks.[1]
Later years: co-founder of the State Archive
[edit]After the end of active hostilities and the establishment of Soviet power in South Ossetia, Gagloev dedicated himself to restoring peaceful life and preserving historical memory.
On 24 June 1926, the Government of the South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast decided to establish the Main Archive under the People's Commissariat of Education. Despite the fact that the mountainous region was just beginning to recover from the events of 1920 and there was a catastrophic shortage of specialists, Gagloev became one of the first employees of the new archival service. The first staff of the archive, along with him, included Fedor Sanakoev and Nikolay Chochiev.[2]
Memory
[edit]- Toto Gagloev is mentioned in the memoirs of participants in the Civil War published in 1957.
- He is also listed among the founders of the archival service of South Ossetia in the article dedicated to its 100th anniversary in 2026.
References
[edit]Literature
[edit]- Memoirs of participants of the Civil War in South Ossetia (1917–1921). Stalinir, 1957.
- Gædžity Badilajy card æmæ tox y fændægtæ (The Life and Paths of Struggle of Badila Gagiev). Compiled by Liza Kosty. Vladikavkaz, 2023.
Category:Year of death unknown Category:Ossetian people Category:Russian revolutionaries Category:Soviet military personnel of the Russian Civil War