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Swami Nirvedananda | |
|---|---|
| Personal life | |
| Born | Surendranath Mukherjee 19 July 1893 |
| Died | 15 November 1958 (aged 65) Calcutta, West Bengal, India |
| Known for | Educational work and writings |
| Religious life | |
| Religion | Hinduism |
| Order | Ramakrishna Order |
'Swami Nirvedananda' (19 July 1893 – 15 November 1958), born Surendranath Mukherjee, was an Indian monk of the Ramakrishna Order, educationist and author. He was associated with the development of the Ramakrishna Mission Calcutta Students' Home and wrote on education, Hinduism, Vedanta and religion.[1]
Early life and education
[edit]Swami Nirvedananda was born as Surendranath Mukherjee on 19 July 1893 in Calcutta, then part of the Bengal Presidency of British India. He studied at Hare School and subsequently at Presidency College, Calcutta. He completed his higher education and obtained a master's degree in English in 1916.[2]
While a student, Mukherjee became interested in the teachings of Swami Vivekananda and the Ramakrishna movement. He subsequently became involved in educational work in Calcutta.[3]
Ramakrishna Order
[edit]Mukherjee received spiritual initiation from Swami Brahmananda, the first president of the Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission. He joined the Ramakrishna Order in 1919 and received sannyasa in 1923 from Swami Shivananda.[3]
After entering the monastic order he became known as Swami Nirvedananda. He was also known as Anadi Maharaj.[2]
Educational work
[edit]Education became a major focus of Nirvedananda's work. He was closely associated with the development of the Calcutta Students' Home, an institution established in Calcutta for the residential and educational support of students.[2]
Nirvedananda served as secretary of the Students' Home during its formative period and continued to be associated with its administration and development. The institution subsequently became a centre of residential education under the Ramakrishna Mission.[2]
He was also associated with educational activities of the Ramakrishna Mission at Deoghar Vidyapith and Saradapitha at Belur.[4]
Educational writings
[edit]Nirvedananda wrote extensively on the aims and methods of education. His principal educational work was Our Education. According to the publication history of the work, it originated as a series of articles published in Prabuddha Bharata in 1928 and was subsequently expanded and published as a book.[5]
A contemporary review in Triveni Journal discussed Our Education together with Nirvedananda's Religion and Modern Doubts. The review examined his arguments concerning education and religion and commented on his proposals for educational reform.[6]
His educational writings have also been cited in later academic discussions of Indian education.[7]
Literary works
[edit]Nirvedananda wrote on education, Hinduism, Vedanta, religion and Sri Ramakrishna. His published works include:
Sri Ramakrishna and Spiritual Renaissance (1940) Hinduism at a Glance (1944) Our Education (1945) Religion and Modern Doubts Hindu Dharma Swami Vivekananda on India and Her Problems
Sri Ramakrishna and Spiritual Renaissance was published in 1940. Library catalogues record copies of the work in a number of research and university libraries.[8]
Hinduism at a Glance was published in 1944 by Bengal Vidyamandira, Dhakuria. The first edition contained a foreword by philosopher Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan.[9] The Radhakrishnan bibliography also records the foreword to the book.[10]
Religion and Modern Doubts was published in 1958. It is recorded in university and research-library catalogues, including collections in Japan.[8]
Later life and death
[edit]Nirvedananda remained associated with educational and organisational activities of the Ramakrishna Order during the later years of his life. He served as a trustee of Belur Math and was associated with the governing body of the Ramakrishna Mission.[4]
He died on 15 November 1958 at the age of 65. A contemporary institutional obituary recorded his death and described his contribution to educational activities associated with the Ramakrishna Mission.[4]
Selected bibliography
[edit]Nirvedananda, Swami. Sri Ramakrishna and Spiritual Renaissance. Calcutta: Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture, 1940. Nirvedananda, Swami. Hinduism at a Glance. Calcutta: Bengal Vidyamandira, 1944. Nirvedananda, Swami. Our Education. Calcutta, 1945. Nirvedananda, Swami. Religion and Modern Doubts. Calcutta, 1958.
References
[edit]- ↑ "Swami Nirvedananda". VivekaVani. Retrieved 11 August 2026.
- 1 2 3 4 "The Founder". Ramakrishna Mission Calcutta Students' Home. Retrieved 11 August 2026.
- 1 2 "One Life for Swamiji's Work" (PDF). The Vedanta Kesari. December 2020. Retrieved 11 August 2026.
- 1 2 3 "Obituaries from 1950 to 1965". Ramakrishna Mission Reports. Retrieved 11 August 2026.
- ↑ "Our Education". Ramakrishna Mission publication catalogue. Retrieved 11 August 2026.
- ↑ "Review of Religion and Modern Doubts and Our Education". Triveni Journal. Retrieved 11 August 2026.
- ↑ "Noble Ideas of Swami Vivekananda on Education and in Global Intentions of Lord Macaulay: A Critical Review on School Education in India". Issues and Ideas in Education. Retrieved 11 August 2026.
- 1 2 "Swami Nirvedananda – Author record". CiNii Books. Retrieved 11 August 2026.
- ↑ "Hinduism at a Glance". Exotic India Art. Retrieved 11 August 2026.
- ↑ "Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan". Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 11 August 2026.
External links
[edit]The Founder – Ramakrishna Mission Calcutta Students' Home CiNii Books – Swami Nirvedananda