Draft:Perspectives movement
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The Socialist Studies and Action Group in Tunisia (French: Groupe d'études et d'action socialiste en Tunisie), better known as the Perspectives movement or GEAST, was a Tunisian communist student activist group that opposed the regime of Habib Bourguiba, who was the President of Tunisia from 1957 to 1987, for what the movement perceived as pro-Western and pro-capitalist sentiments. Their main activity was publishing a journal, Perspectives tunisiennes pour une vie meilleure (lit. 'Tunisian perspectives for a better life'), which ran for 63 issues from August 1963 to October 1971.[1]
The movement disbanded in the mid-1970s after the arrest of most of their members. They frequently organized protests and riots in reaction to Bourguiba's reign through their journal.[2]
History
[edit]The Perspectives were formed as a splinter group of the General Union of Tunisian Students (UGET), which represented Tunisian university students within Paris. During the 1950s and early 1960s, the union was led by Neo- Destourian members despite a growing opposition from leftist members within the union. During a 1963 election within UGET, the leftist members within the union seemed to have won, but the ballot boxes were confiscated at the last minute and the Neo-Destourian faction declared victory. The leftist members of the union contested the results and were promptly expelled.[3]
The Perspectives movement was officially founded on September 5th, 1963, though their journal would recieve its first issue a month earlier.[4] The split from the union also coincided with the suppression of the Tunisian Communist Party by the Tunisian government.[5]
After Israel won the Six-Day War, the Perspective movement organized a protest against American and British support for Israel during the war. These protests would slowly devolve into Anti-Semetic attacks on the Jewish population, and rioters would burn multiple synagogues and deface the Grand Synagogue of Tunis.[2] Although the Perspectives did not intend to spark violence agains the Jewish population of Tunis, Bourguiba would use these riots as justification to summarily arrest and sentence key Perspectives supporters in 1968.[4]
References
[edit]- ↑ Salah Omri, Mohamed. "The Movement Perspectives: Legacies and representations". Eur Orient (38): 149–165.
- 1 2 Jebari, Idriss. ""Illegitimate Children": The Tunisian New Left and the Student Question, 1963–1975" (PDF). International Journal of Middle East Studies (2022) (54) – via Cambridge University Press.
- ↑ Būqirrah, Abd al-Jalīl (1993). 1975-1963 حركة آفاق من تاريخ اليسار التونسي. Saras Publishing. ISBN 978-9973190277.
- 1 2 Qader Al-Naqbi, Abdul (2023). "The positions of the "Perspective - Tunisian Workers" movement through its impact on the "opposition" within it (1963 - 1984)". شؤون اجتامعية (160): 197–212.
- ↑ Hendrickson, Burleigh (2012). "March 1968: Practicing Transnational Activism from Tunis to Paris". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 44 (4): 755–774. ISSN 0020-7438.