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Delvinaki
Δελβινάκι
Municipal unit
Location within the regional unit
Location within the regional unit
Delvinaki is located in Greece
Delvinaki
Delvinaki
Location within Greece
Coordinates: 39°56′N 20°28′E / 39.933°N 20.467°E / 39.933; 20.467
CountryGreece
Administrative regionEpirus
Regional unitIoannina
MunicipalityPogoni
Districts17
Area
 • Municipal unit255.835 km2 (98.778 sq mi)
 • Community54.824 km2 (21.168 sq mi)
Population
 (2021)[1]
 • Municipal unit
1,609
 • Municipal unit density6.289/km2 (16.29/sq mi)
 • Community
538
 • Community density9.81/km2 (25.4/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code
440 04
Vehicle registrationIN

Delvinaki (Greek: Δελβινάκι) is a former municipality in the Ioannina regional unit, Epirus, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform, it is part of the municipality Pogoni, of which it is a municipal unit.[2] The municipal unit has an area of 255.8 km2, the community 54.8 km2.[3] In 2021 its population was 538 for the village and 1,609 for the municipal unit. Delvinaki is part of the traditional area of Pogoni.

Delvinaki lies along the EO22 road, currently part of European route E853, which links Kalpaki with the Albanian border. The border crossing Kakavia is west of town. The town of Delvinaki is located in a valley bordered by hills with grazing lands and is a regional government administrative centre.[4]

Subdivisions

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The municipal unit of Delvinaki is subdivided into the following communities (constituent villages in brackets):

Etymology

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According to linguist Konstantinos Oikonomou, Delvinaki is a Greek formation and derives from the toponym Delvino, with the Greek diminutive suffix ‑aki added to it; probably in order to differentiate it from the neighboring settlement of Delvinë. Furthermore, Oikonomou and Phaedon Malingoudis presented Delvino as deriving from the Slavic noun dьlva (Proto-Slavic *dьly) 'cauldron, pot', which is used in toponyms to denote a 'valley' or 'basin', and the Slavic suffix ‑ьnъ; the ь of the first syllable, denoting /ĭ/, was rendered as /e/ in Greek. Compare to the toponym Δηλίβινον, first attested in 996 northeast of Polygyros (Chalkidiki) in Greece, Delvino in southern Albania, as well as Delvino (Blagoevgrad Province) and Delvino (Kardzhali Province) in Bulgaria.[6][7][8]

According to historians Konstantinos Vakalopoulos and Nikos Yfantis, Delvinaki derives from Albanian and means 'place of vineyards'.[9][10]

History

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From the 14th century to the beginning of Ottoman rule, Delvinaki was among the thriving settlements of the region together with nearby Dipalitsa, Kastaniani and Poliçan.[11] The town was an important commercial centre during the Ottoman period.[12] The church of the Dormition of the Theotokos in Delvinaki was erected in 1619.[13]

Delvinaki was described by Ottoman traveler Evliya Çelebi in the late 17th century as a wealthy town of Pogoni with 400 houses, 6000 fertile vineyards, 40–50 shops, 10 churches and 3 inns.[14] Governed by a voivode, the town was the hass (revenue estate) of an Ottoman admiral; its privileges exempted it from taxes and imperial interference.[14] In the early 19th century, European travellers such as John Cam Hobhouse stated Delvinaki had 300 dwellings and Henry Holland wrote the inhabitants of Delvinaki paid a yearly sum of 140,000 piastres to the Ottoman sultan.[15]

Delvinaki joined Greece after the Balkan Wars of 1913.

Under Greece and prior to the Second World War, Pogoniani was the main trading and administrative centre and Delvinaki was a smaller regional centre due to its central position of the wider transhumant grazing area.[16] After the Albanian border was closed, Pogoniani lost its prominence and Delvinaki replaced it as the regional trading and administrative centre, a shift facilitated by its close proximity to the main road.[17]

Demographics

[edit]
YearVillage populationMunicipal unit population
1981884-
1991922-
20017512,933
20117722,540
20215381,609

Albanians settled in Pogoni during the first decades of the 14th century and traces of their presence are found in several local toponyms.[9] In 1670, Ottoman traveler Evliya Çelebi visited Delvinaki and wrote it was populated by non-Muslim Albanians.[14][18] Over time, the Albanian presence was assimilated by the Greeks of Pogoni and hellenised.[9]

In the late Ottoman period, several European travellers of the early 19th century wrote that the area north of Delvinaki represented a different country, reflecting the change in language and customs.[19] Among those was Hobhouse (1813) who said locals described Delvinaki as the starting point of Albania, the homeland of Albanians.[19] He wrote the area marked a transition in language from Greek to Albanian, and in dress from Greek woollen brogues to the Albanian kamisa and kilt.[19] Hobhouse stated Delvinaki was inhabited by Greeks, while Holland wrote the town had 3000 inhabitants.[15]

In Greece, the Greek population of the village become a minority following the settlement of other population groups.[20] Aromanians who practised transhumance pastorialism used Delvinaki as an important temporary stopover in the summer for grazing herds.[21] Following the interwar period, Aromanians settled in Delvinaki after the decline of transhumance pastorialism and form the majority of the modern population.[22][20]

Several long-term Romani families reside in the village, some of whom are prominent musicians in the region.[20][23] The Roma of Delvinaki are monolingual Greek speakers.[24] Pastoralist Sarakatsani used to graze animals in Delvinaki and a few later settled in the town following the closure of the Albanian border.[25] By 1997, 15 families from Albania numbering 60 people who called themselves Northern Epirots lived in the village.[26] In the early 21st century, some families who self identified as Albanians settled in Delvinaki.[26]

Culture

[edit]

Delvinaki is home to Greek polyphonic singing and has a reach music tradition in the wider Pogoni region. It is one of the two main centres of folk music of Pogoni, the other being Parakalamos.[12] An annual festival of polyphonic singing is held in August.[13]

Notable people

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See also

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References

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  1. ↑ "Αποτελέσματα Απογραφής Πληθυσμού - Κατοικιών 2021, Μόνιμος Πληθυσμός κατά οικισμό" [Results of the 2021 Population - Housing Census, Permanent population by settlement] (in Greek). Hellenic Statistical Authority. 29 March 2024.
  2. ↑ "ΦΕΚ B 1292/2010, Kallikratis reform municipalities" (in Greek). Government Gazette.
  3. ↑ "Population & housing census 2001 (incl. area and average elevation)" (PDF) (in Greek). National Statistical Service of Greece. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-21.
  4. ↑ Green 2005, p. 65.
  5. ↑ "Πανδέκτης: Gkouvéri – Farángion". Retrieved 2019-10-03. Pandektis: Name Changes of Settlements in Greece, compiled by the Institute for Neohellenic Research Archived 2016-05-05 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ↑ Oikonomou, Konstantinos (2002). Τα οικωνύμια του νομού Ιωαννίνων: γλωσσολογική εξέταση (in Greek). Νομαρχιακή Αυτοδιοίκηση Ιωαννίνων. p. 94. doi:10.26268/heal.uoi.4968. ISBN 978-960-8316-01-0.
  7. ↑ Malingoudis, Phaedon (1986). Vavřínek, Vladimír; Bláhová, E.; Češka, J.; Dostálová, R.; Havlík, L.; Havlíková, L.; Hrochová, V.; Kučera, M.; Richter, M.; Veselá, Zdenka (eds.). "J. Lefort, Villages de Macédoine. Notices historiques et topographiques sur la Macédoine orientale au Moyen Age. 1: La Chalcidique Occidentale". Byzantinoslavica (in German). 47 (1). Prague: Institute of Slavonic Studies: 71. ISSN 0007-7712.
  8. ↑ Karagianni, Theodora (2012). "Πληθυσμιακές μετακινήσεις στην επαρχία Πωγωνίου". Πλυθησμιακές μετακινήσεις στο νομό Ιωαννίνων (20ός αιώνας) (MSc) (in Greek). University of Ioannina. p. 54 [58].
  9. 1 2 3 Vakalopoulos, Konstantinos Apostolou (2003). Ιστορία της Ηπείρου. Από τις αρχές της οθωμανοκρατίας ως τις μέρες μας [The History of Epirus. From the beginnings of the Ottoman Empire to our days] (in Greek). Herodotos. p. 322. ISBN 9789607290977. Κατά τις πρώτες δεκαετίες του 14ου αιώνα τοποθετείται χρονικά η αλβανική διείσδυση στο χώρο της Πωγωνιανής, που μαρτυρείται και από ορισμένα τοπωνύμια όπως το Δελβινάκι (αμπελότοπος), το Γκουβέρι (γκούβα = κοίλωμα), αλλά και από τις μετακινήσείς αλβανικόν οικογενειών, οι οποίες εξισλαμήστικαν λόγω των σινθηκών που επικρατούσαν. Όσοι αλβανικοί πλιθυσμοί είηαν εγκατασταθεί στο νότιο τμήμα του Πωγωνίου, αφομοιώθηκαν βαθμιαία από το ελληνικό στοιχείο και εξελληνίστικαν. Όλες οι κοινότητες
  10. ↑ Ifantis, Nikos Th. (2005). Η Πωγωνιανή – Παλιά Βοστίνα και τα Κοινοτικά Διαμερίσματα Δολό-Δρυμάδες-Σταυροσκιάδι. Διευρυμένη Κοινότητα Πωγωνιανής. p. 45. "όπως και από αλβανικές ονομασίες χωριών: Ρομπάτες (= ρόμπα, ένδυμα), Δελβινακίων (= αμπελότοπος), Γούβερη (Γούβα – Κοίλωμα) κ.λ.π."
  11. ↑ Vakolopoulos, 2003, p.323. "Ορισμένα χωριά της Πωγωνιανής γνώρισαν κατά το 14ο κυρίως αιώνα και στις αρχές της Τουρκοκρατίας μεγάλη οικονομική ανάπτυξη. Τότε συγκροτούσαν αξιόλογες κωμοπόλεις και πόλεις με ιδιαίτερη εμπορική σημασία. Εκτός από την περίφημη εμποροπανήγυρη της Διπαλίτσας πραγματοποιούνταν κάθε εβδομάδα εμποροπανηγύρεις και στα γύρω αστικά κέντρα: στην Πολίτσιανη, στην Καστάνιανη και στο Δελβινάκι."
  12. 1 2 Μουσική από την Ήπειρο. Institution of the Hellenic Parliament. p. 47. ISBN 978-960-6757-07-5.
  13. 1 2 "Prefecture of Ioannina, Epirus–Greece" (PDF). Prefectural Committee of Tourist Promotion. 2008. p. 29. Retrieved 2009-11-02.
  14. 1 2 3 Dankoff, Robert; Elsie, Robert (2000). Evliya Çelebi in Albania and Adjacent Regions: Kossovo, Montenegro, Ohrid. Brill. ISBN 9789004116245. We returned by another road, passing through prosperous villages. After 4 hours of travelling westwards, we arrived at Delvinaki. It is a prosperous town on the border of the district of Pogonia and consists of 400 houses inhabited by infidels all Albanians and 6000 fertile vineyards. It has 40 to 50 shops, 10 churches and 3 hans. This town is a has belonging to the admiral of the Ottoman fleet and administered by a voyvoda. It is exempt from taxation and state interference.
  15. 1 2 Vakalopoulos 2003, p. 323. "Hobhouse αναφέρει ότι στο Δελβινάκι υπήρχαν 300 ελληνικά σπίτια, ενώ ο Holland μνημονεύει στα 1812 3.000 κατοίκους, οι οποίοι πλήρωναν 140.000 γρόσια το χρόνο στο σουλτάνο."
  16. ↑ Green & King 2001, p. 270.
  17. ↑ Green, Sarah; King, Geoffrey (2001). "Seeing what you know: Changing constructions and perceptions of landscape in Epirus, Northwestern Greece, 1945 and 1990". History and Anthropology. 12 (3): 283.
  18. ↑ Kokolakis, Michalis (2003). Το ύστερο Γιαννιώτικο Πασαλίκι: χώρος, διοίκηση και πληθυσμός στην τουρκοκρατούμενη Ηπειρο (1820–1913) [The late Pashalik of Ioannina: Space, Administration and Population in Ottoman ruled Epirus (1820–1913)] (PDF) (in Greek). National Hellenic Research Foundation. Center for Neohellenic Research. p. 48. ISBN 960-7916-11-5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 April 2015. Το 1670 στο Δελβινάκι του Πωγωνιού, κατά τον Εβλιγιά Τσελεμπή (1928, σ. 682), «όλοι οι άπιστοι είναι Αρβανίτες».
  19. 1 2 3 de Rapper, Gilles (2005). "Better than Muslims, not as good as Greeks. Emigration as experienced and imagined by the Albanian Christians of Lunxhëri" (PDF). In King, Russell; Mai, Nicola; Schwandner-Sievers, Stephanie (eds.). The New Albanian Migration. Sussex Academic Press. p. 10. ISBN 9781837641932.
  20. 1 2 3 Green 2005, pp. 66, 235–236.
  21. ↑ Green 2005, pp. 65, 235.
  22. ↑ Koukoudis, Asterios (2003). The Vlachs: Metropolis and Diaspora. Zitros Publications. pp. 293–294. ISBN 9789607760869. Since the interwar period, in the provinces of Pogoni and Ioannina, apart from Kefalovrysso and Parakalamos (Podgoriani) large and small groups of Arvanitovlachs have been living in the villages of Vissani (Frastana), Kato Meropi, Pogoniani, Dolo, Delvinaki
  23. ↑ Maher 2019, p. 116.
  24. ↑ Maher, Nicola (2019). The Crying Clarinet: Emotion and Music in Parakalamos (PDF) (PhD thesis). Cardiff University. p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 March 2026. Retrieved 26 March 2026.
  25. ↑ Green 2005, pp. 65–66, 236.
  26. 1 2 Green, Sarah (2005). Notes from the Balkans: Locating Marginality and Ambiguity on the Greek–Albanian Border. Princeton University Press. pp. 66, 236. ISBN 9781400884353.
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