Carijó
_16.jpg) | |
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| 0 (extinct), c. 100,000 in the 16th century | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Brazil and Paraguay | |
| Languages | |
| Old Guarani |
The Carijós, also known as Carios, were a indigenous ethnicity of the Guarani family that inhabited a stretch of the Brazilian coast ranging from the city of Cananéia, São Paulo, to the Lagoa do Patos lagoon, Rio Grande do Sul, as well as the region surrounding the Paraguayan capital of Asuncion.[1] The Carijós were described by the Portuguese colonizers as "the best pagans of the new world coast", and were quite accepting of Christianization. The Carijós participated in the 1554 indigenous raiding of the then recently established village of São Paulo dos Campos de Piratininga, killing part of the European settlers, African slaves and hundreds of cattle.[2][3]
History
[edit]The Carijós were part of the Guarani language family, having likely immigrated to the Southern Brazilian coast from the region where modern day Paraguay lies. They were respected by the Portuguese colonial authorities for being 'hard-working', 'good of heart' and for not practicing cannibalism.[4]
The first contact between the Portuguese and the Carijós occurred when a Portuguese ship sank near the island of Santa Catarina. Some of the people onboard managed to swim to the coast, including Henrique Montes, the Spaniard explorer Melchior Ramirez, the African seaman Francisco Pacheco and others; these castaways settled on the island, marrying local Carijó women and starting mestizo families.[4]
During the colonization of Paraguay, Spanish explorer Juan de Ayolas found Carijós by the riverside of a stream 20 kilometers upstream of the main water body of the Pilcomayo river, these Carijós lived in a village that was protected by wooden palisades and a shallow moat, which indicates that these people had some degree of pre-contact conflicts with other tribes and had developed early versions of fort-like structures. The Spanish defeated the Carijós and founded a village that became the modern day city of Asuncion, capital of Paraguay.[5] This event further confirms the idea that the Carijós originally came from the Paraguay region, as the tribe encountered by Juan de Ayolas was likely one of the branches of the Carijós that stayed behind rather than moving east.
Etymology
[edit]The term "Carijó" comes from the Tupi word karai-yo, meaning "descendants of the ancient ones". Its also theorized that the name might have come from the Tupi word kariîó.[6]
Culture
[edit]Carijó houses were covered with tree bark, they slept in hammocks and wore coats made of cotton, animal pelt and feathers. They kept birds as pets and used them to acquire the feathers used in their clothing.[6]
References
[edit]- ↑ FERREIRA, A. B. H. Novo dicionário da língua portuguesa. Segunda edição. Rio de Janeiro. Nova Fronteira. 1986. p. 353.
- ↑ BASTOS BARRETO, Benedito Carneiro (1939). No Tempo dos Bandeirantes. São Paulo. p. 17.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ↑ BUENO, E. Brasil: uma história. Segunda edição revista. São Paulo. Ática. 2003. p. 18-19.
- 1 2 Schmitz, Pedro Ignácio (2017). "OS CARIJÓS DO LITORAL MERIDIONAL DO BRASIL UM ESPELHO PARA OS ARQUEÓLOGOS OLHAREM OS SÍTIOS ARQUEOLÓGICOS" (PDF). Anchietano.
- ↑ "Consulado General de la República del Paraguay en Los Angeles-CA, Estados Unidos de América :: FUNDACIÓN DE ASUNCIÓN". www2.mre.gov.py. Retrieved 2026-07-16.
- 1 2 BUENO, E. Capitães do Brasil: a saga dos primeiros colonizadores. Rio de Janeiro. Objetiva. 1999. p. 58.
