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Senate of Chile

Senate of the Republic of Chile

Senado de la República de Chile
57th National Congress of Chile
Coat of arms or logo
Seal
Type
Type
Term limits
Two consecutive terms (16 years)[1]
Leadership
Paulina Núñez Urrutia, RN
since 11 March 2026[2]
Vice-President
Iván Moreira, UDI
since 11 March 2026[2]
General Secretary
Luis Rojas Gallardo
since 23 June 2026[3]
Structure
Seats50
Political groups
Government (24)
  •   ChGU (17)[a]
  •   CpCh (7)[b]

Supported by (1)

Opposition (25)

Length of term
8 years
Elections
Open list proportional representation (D'Hondt method)[4]
Last election
16 November 2025
Next election
2029
Meeting place
Senate Chamber, National Congress Building, Valparaíso, Chile
Website
https://www.senado.cl/

33°02′52″S 71°36′21″W / 33.04778°S 71.60583°W / -33.04778; -71.60583

The Senate of the Republic of Chile (Spanish: Senado de la República de Chile) is the upper house of Chile's bicameral National Congress, together with the lower Chamber of Deputies. Its composition and powers are set out in Chapter V of the current Constitution of Chile. Each senator represents a senatorial constituency and is chosen by direct popular vote.[5] Senators serve eight-year terms and may be re-elected only once, for a maximum of sixteen consecutive years in office.[1] Since 11 March 2026, the President of the Senate has been Paulina Núñez of National Renewal (RN), the first center-right woman to lead the chamber.[2]

The Senate meets at the National Congress building in the port city of Valparaíso, which replaced the old National Congress building in downtown Santiago, the country's capital.

Composition and electoral system

[edit]

According to Article 190 of the Constitution, the Senate is composed of fifty directly elected senators, chosen by universal suffrage in 16 senatorial constituencies, which correspond to Chile's regions (the more populous regions elect more than two senators).[6] Seats within each constituency are allocated using the D'Hondt method of proportional representation.[4] Senators serve eight-year terms, with half of the chamber renewed every four years: constituencies with odd numbers (I, II, IV, VI, IX, XI and XIV) are renewed in one election cycle, and those with even numbers, together with the Santiago Metropolitan Region (III, V, VII, VIII, X, XII, XIII, XV and XVI), in the next.[7]

Requirements

[edit]

To be elected, a candidate must be a citizen entitled to vote, must have completed secondary education or its equivalent, and must be at least 35 years old; before a 2005 reform the minimum age was 40.[7] Party candidates must have been affiliated with their party for at least two months before the close of candidate registration and must not have belonged to another party in the preceding nine months; independent candidates must not have belonged to any party in the nine months before registration closes and must gather the number of citizen signatures required by the Electoral Service (Servel), unless running as part of an electoral list.[7] If a seat becomes vacant through death, incapacity or disqualification, the vacancy is filled by a nominee of the party the senator belonged to at the time of election; if the seat was held by an independent, it is left vacant for the remainder of the term.[7]

Powers and functions

[edit]

Besides its ordinary role in the legislative process alongside the Chamber of Deputies and the President of the Republic, Article 53 of the Constitution grants the Senate a number of exclusive powers, including the authority to:[5]

  • Hear constitutional accusations (impeachments) brought by the Chamber of Deputies.
  • Decide whether legal proceedings may be brought against a minister of state for acts performed in office that are alleged to have caused unjust harm.
  • Resolve jurisdictional disputes between political or administrative authorities and the higher courts of justice.
  • Restore Chilean nationality to persons who have lost it.
  • Grant or withhold consent for acts of the President of the Republic in cases where the Constitution or the law so requires.
  • Authorize the President of the Republic to leave the country for more than thirty days, or during the final ninety days of his or her term.
  • Declare, after hearing the Constitutional Court, the incapacity of the President of the Republic, and rule on the President's resignation.
  • Approve appointments proposed by the President of the Republic where the Constitution or the law requires Senate consent, such as the appointment of Supreme Court justices or members of the Central Bank of Chile's board.

Standing committees

[edit]

Legislative bills and other matters referred to the Senate are studied in detail by permanent committees, each composed of a set number of senators.[e]

Compensation

[edit]

Senators receive a monthly parliamentary allowance (dieta parlamentaria) which, under Article 62 of the Constitution, is equivalent to the salary of a minister of state.[9] As of 2026 the gross monthly dieta is approximately CLP$7,348,983, a figure unchanged since December 2023, before legally mandated deductions such as taxes and pension contributions.[9] In addition to the dieta, senators receive parliamentary allowances intended solely for the exercise of their legislative duties, administered under the supervision of the Resolutive Council of Parliamentary Allowances (Consejo Resolutivo de Asignaciones Parlamentarias); these funds are not personal remuneration but cover support staff, external advice, operating expenses, district offices, transportation and outreach activities.[10] For 2025, total monthly allowances per senator amounted to roughly CLP$23,281,823, with the exact figure varying by constituency and additional allowances for fuel and travel to the district.[11] The size of the dieta has been the subject of public debate and repeated reform proposals, including bills to change how it is set and to suspend its payment in cases where a senator's parliamentary immunity is lifted.

History

[edit]

The Senate of Chile was created in 1812 to support the policymaking of the Government Junta. It has since undergone several constitutional reorganizations that have altered its powers, composition, and method of selection.

First Senate (1812–1814)

[edit]

The first Senate was created by Article 7 of the Provisional Constitutional Manual of 1812, promulgated on 27 October 1812.[12] It was composed of seven members, one of whom served as president on a rotating four-month basis, plus a secretary; three alternate members were also named. Members, called diputados rather than senators, were chosen through public subscription, with three from Santiago, two from the Province of Coquimbo, and two from the Province of Valparaíso. The body was inaugurated on 10 November 1812 under its first president, Pedro Vivar y Azúa, and was intended to counterbalance the executive power of the Government Junta; the government could not decide matters affecting the security of the Patria without its assent.[13] During its existence it approved a freedom-of-the-press law and helped create the Instituto Nacional and Chile's first National Library. It functioned until January 1814, when it was reorganized amid successive military defeats in the Chilean War of Independence.

Consultative Senate (1814)

[edit]

A revised body, the Consultative Senate, was created by Article 13 of the Provisional Government Manual of 17 March 1814.[14] Like its predecessor it had seven members, this time formally titled "senators" and without alternates, elected for two-year terms. Members were selected by the Supreme Director from a list of 21 candidates nominated by the provinces, and its legislative powers were curtailed, transforming it into a consultative body similar to a council of state. It functioned only until the disaster of Rancagua on 1–2 October 1814 ushered in the Spanish Reconquista, during which no Senate or Congress existed in Chile until 1817.

First conservative senate (1818–1822)

[edit]

Created by Title III of the Constitution of 1818 under Bernardo O'Higgins, this Senate was composed of five titular and five alternate members, all designated directly by the Supreme Director, for a total of ten. It was meant to function only when the lower house was not in session, issuing "provisory rules" with the same force as law—hence the "conservative" label, since it "conserved" legislative power in the interim before an elected Congress could be convened. The body played a role in seeking international recognition of Chilean independence, including at a diplomatic convention in Aix-la-Chapelle (Aachen), but drew growing criticism for retaining an appointed, non-Congressional structure. It functioned from October 1818 to May 1822.

Fourth Senate and the Constitution of 1823

[edit]

The Senado Conservador y Legislador of 1823, established under the Constitution of 1823, was the second Senate since 1812 to be composed of popularly elected members. It comprised nine senators elected from a single national constituency for six-year terms, with unlimited re-election; candidates had to be at least 30 years old, own property worth at least 5,000 pesos, have resided in the country for the preceding three years, and be eligible to vote.[15] This Senate held a near-monopoly on legislative power in an asymmetrical parliament in which the lower National Chamber had little influence over lawmaking; the Senate also ratified international treaties and tax legislation, and, notably, could suspend the Supreme Director from office—the first institutional check on the executive. Political instability interrupted its work, and it was dissolved for good in 1824, replaced by the unicameral Congreso General de la Nación.

Constitutions of 1828 and 1833

[edit]

Only from 1828 onward was the Senate conceived as a chamber of a bicameral Congress. Under the Constitution of 1828, the Senate was composed of two representatives chosen by each of the country's provincial assemblies (16 senators in total) for four-year terms, giving it a close link to regional governments; it possessed few exclusive powers beyond ruling on impeachments passed by the Chamber of Deputies, leaving the lower house with greater legislative and political weight.

The Constitution of 1833 instead created a 20-member Senate elected from a single national list through an indirect system of electors, for nine-year terms with unlimited re-election. An 1874 reform introduced direct election by province, apportioning one senator per three deputies (plus any fraction of two) from each province, and shortened the term to six years, still indefinitely renewable. Under the Constitution of 1925, the Senate came to be elected directly from nine (from 1925) and later ten (from 1967) provincial groupings, for eight-year terms renewable without limit, with half of the chamber replaced every four years.

Original design of the 1980 Constitution

[edit]

Under the military-era Constitution of 1980 as originally enacted, the Senate combined popularly elected members with unelected ones. Alongside senators chosen by the people (two per region, 26 in total), the chamber included nine designated senators and senators for life. The designated senators—renewed every eight years and not replaced if a seat fell vacant before the end of that period—were nominated as follows: four by the National Security Council from among former commanders-in-chief of the armed forces or a former director general of the Carabineros; three by the Supreme Court (two of whom had to have served at least two consecutive years as justices of that court, and one who had served an equivalent period as Comptroller General); and two by the President of the Republic (one a former university rector, the other a former cabinet minister). Former presidents who had completed a full constitutional term became senators for life by right. Two former heads of state, Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle and Augusto Pinochet, were installed as lifetime senators.[16][17]

1990 to 2017

[edit]

Chile originally had thirteen senatorial constituencies, one per region, but constitutional reforms approved in 1989 allowed the six most populous regions to be split into two constituencies each, raising the number of directly elected senators from 26 to 38 while retaining designated and lifetime senators. Between 1990 and 2006 the Senate accordingly ranged between 47 and 49 members in total. Although some designated senators carried genuine institutional weight, the arrangement was seen as a check on elected majorities, and governments after 1990 often had to negotiate with this "institutional" bloc to secure legislative majorities. Only Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle (2000–2006) served as a lifetime senator on the basis of a completed presidential term; Augusto Pinochet held the same status by right from 1998 to 2002, resigning it before his death.

A constitutional reform promoted under the government of Ricardo Lagos and approved nearly unanimously by Congress eliminated designated and lifetime senators effective 11 March 2006, reducing the Senate to 38 fully elected members, all chosen for eight-year terms from 19 constituencies electing two senators each. Frei lost his lifetime seat in the reform but remained in the Senate after winning an elected one.

2017 to the present

[edit]

A 2015 constitutional reform, enacted under the second government of Michelle Bachelet, replaced the binomial electoral system and set the Senate's current size at 50 members elected from 16 constituencies.[4] Twenty-three senators for the odd-numbered constituencies (I, II, IV, VI, IX, XI and XIV) were elected in 2017, and the remaining 27 senators, for constituencies III, V, VII, VIII, X, XII, XIII, XV and XVI, in 2021, completing the transition to the new system.[4]

The Senate's continued existence was debated by the Constitutional Convention, which drafted a proposed new constitution between 2021 and 2022; the draft would have abolished the Senate and replaced it with a "Chamber of the Regions" with different powers.[18] Voters rejected the proposed constitution in the 4 September 2022 plebiscite, and the Senate's abolition did not proceed.[19]

The Senate elected in the 16 November 2025 general election (which renewed the seven odd-numbered constituencies) took office on 11 March 2026, alongside the 57th National Congress and the government of President José Antonio Kast. Senator Paulina Núñez of National Renewal was elected the chamber's president that day, with Iván Moreira (UDI) as vice-president, under a four-year power-sharing agreement among the parties of the governing coalition and Democratic Socialism under which the presidency is due to rotate to the Socialist Party, the UDI and Evópoli in successive years.[20]

Public approval

[edit]

According to polling by Adimark, the Senate's approval rating never exceeded 50 percent during the first government of President Sebastián Piñera (2010–2014), and generally trended downward, reaching lows of 17 percent in April, July and August 2012 and again in August and September 2013; disapproval peaked at 77 percent in August 2012. The April 2012 decline coincided with senators' approval of an increase of two million pesos in their own allowances.[21]

Current composition

[edit]

The Senate is currently composed of 50 members.[22] Senators organize themselves into parliamentary committees (comités), generally along party lines, which are distinct from the broader government/opposition blocs shown in the infobox above.

Parliamentary committees (as of 2026)

[edit]
Parliamentary committeeCommittee chairsOther members
Mixed: Socialist, PPD, Independents and LiberalJuan Luis Castro González (PS), Pedro Araya Guerrero (PPD)Vlado Mirosevic Verdugo (PL), Danisa Astudillo Peiretti (PS), Daniella Cicardini Milla (PS), Paulina Vodanovic Rojas (PS), Loreto Carvajal Ambiado (PPD), Gastón Saavedra Chandía (PS), Ricardo Celis Araya (Ind.–PPD), Alfonso de Urresti Longton (PS), Fidel Espinoza Sandoval (PS), Ximena Órdenes Neira (Ind.–PPD)
Mixed: Christian Democrat, Independents, FREVS, Communist and Broad FrontYasna Provoste Campillay (DC), Claudia Pascual Grau (PCCh)Esteban Velásquez Núñez (FREVS), Daniel Núñez Arancibia (PCCh), Karol Cariola Oliva (PCCh), Diego Ibáñez Cotroneo (FA), Fabiola Campillai Rojas (Ind.), Alejandra Sepúlveda Orbenes (Ind.–FREVS), Beatriz Sánchez Muñoz (FA), Francisco Huenchumilla Jaramillo (DC), Iván Flores García (DC)
National Renewal and IndependentsMaría José Gatica Bertín, Andrés Longton HerreraEnrique Lee Flores, Paulina Núñez Urrutia, Camila Flores Oporto, Manuel José Ossandón Irarrázabal, Rojo Edwards Silva, Andrea Balladares Letelier, Miguel Becker Alvear, Carlos Kuschel Silva
Independent Democratic UnionGustavo Sanhueza Dueñas, Sergio Gahona SalazarJavier Macaya Danús, Enrique van Rysselberghe Herrera, Iván Moreira Barros
Republican Party and IndependentsRenzo Trisotti Martínez, Ignacio Urrutia BonillaArturo Squella Ovalle, Cristián Vial Maceratta, Rodolfo Carter Fernández
Evópoli and IndependentsLuciano Cruz-Coke Carvallo, Matías Walker PrietoSebastián Keitel Bianchi, Miguel Ángel Calisto Águila
National Libertarian PartyVanessa Kaiser Barents-Von Hohenhagen—
IndependentKarim Bianchi Retamales—
Unaffiliated—Alejandro Kusanovic Glusevic

List of senators by constituency

[edit]

The table below reflects the Senate's official roster as of September 2026, including the senators elected on 16 November 2025 for constituencies I, II, IV, VI, IX, XI and XIV, who took office on 11 March 2026 for terms expiring in 2034.[22]

ConstituencyRegionSenatorNamePolitical GroupPartyPrior Public Office/PositionEducationAssumed officeTerm Expires
IArica and ParinacotaEnrique Lee FloresIndependent (RN committee)Ind.——March 11, 2026March 11, 2034
Vlado Mirosevic VerdugoMixed (PS–PPD–Ind.–Liberal committee)LiberalDeputy of District 1 (Arica y Parinacota Region); former President of the Chamber of Deputies—March 11, 2026March 11, 2034
IITarapacáDanisa Astudillo PeirettiMixed (PS–PPD–Ind.–Liberal committee)PS——March 11, 2026March 11, 2034
Renzo Trisotti MartínezRepublican Party and IndependentsRepublicanoDeputy of District 2 (Tarapacá Region)—March 11, 2026March 11, 2034
IIIAntofagastaPedro Araya GuerreroDemocratic SocialismInd. - PPDDeputy of former District 4University of AntofagastaMarch 11, 2014March 11, 2030
Esteban VelásquezConstituent UnityFREVSDeputy of District 3 (Antofagasta Region)University of TarapacáMarch 11, 2022March 11, 2030
Paulina NúñezChile VamosRNDeputy of District 3 (Antofagasta Region)Catholic University of the NorthMarch 11, 2022March 11, 2030
IVAtacamaYasna ProvosteMixed (DC–Ind.–FREVS–PC–FA committee)DCDeputy of former District 6; re-elected senator, 2025University of Playa AnchaMarch 11, 2018March 11, 2034
Daniella Cicardini MillaMixed (PS–PPD–Ind.–Liberal committee)PSDeputy of former District 3 (Atacama Region)—March 11, 2026March 11, 2034
VCoquimboDaniel NúñezApruebo DignidadPCDeputy of District 5 (Coquimbo Region)University of ChileMarch 11, 2022March 11, 2030
Matías WalkerOut of pactDemocratsDeputy of District 5 (Coquimbo Region)Diego Portales University

University for Development

March 11, 2022March 11, 2030
Sergio Gahona Chile Vamos UDI Deputy of District 5 (Coquimbo Region) Diego Portales University

Catholic University of the North

March 11, 2022 March 11, 2030
VIValparaísoKarol Cariola OlivaMixed (DC–Ind.–FREVS–PC–FA committee)PCDeputy of former District 9; former President of the Chamber of Deputies—March 11, 2026March 11, 2034
Camila Flores OportoNational Renewal and IndependentsRNDeputy of former District 6—March 11, 2026March 11, 2034
Diego Ibáñez CotroneoMixed (DC–Ind.–FREVS–PC–FA committee)Frente AmplioDeputy of former District 7; former president of Frente Amplio—March 11, 2026March 11, 2034
Andrés Longton HerreraNational Renewal and IndependentsRNDeputy of former District 6—March 11, 2026March 11, 2034
Arturo Squella OvalleRepublican Party and IndependentsRepublicanoDeputy of former District 7; president of the Republican Party—March 11, 2026March 11, 2034
VIISantiago MetropolitanManuel José OssandónChile VamosRNMayor of Puente AltoInacapMarch 11, 2014March 11, 2030
Luciano Cruz-CokeEvópoliDeputy of District 10 (Santiago Centre)Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film InstituteMarch 11, 2022March 11, 2030
Claudia PascualApruebo DignidadPCMinister of Women and Gender Equality during Michelle Bachelet's presidencyUniversity of ChileMarch 11, 2022March 11, 2030
Fabiola CampillaiApruebo DignidadIndependentNo previous public officeFidel Pinochet Le-brun High School, San Bernardo

Manuel Barros Borgoño High School, Santiago

March 11, 2022March 11, 2030
Rojo Edwards Out of pact PSC Deputy of former District 51 Pontifical Catholic University of Chile

Harvard Kennedy School

March 11, 2022 March 11, 2030
VIIIO'HigginsAlejandra SepúlvedaApruebo DignidadIndependentDeputy of District 16 (Colchagua Province)Austral University of ChileMarch 11, 2022March 11, 2030
Javier MacayaChile VamosUDIDeputy of District 15 (Cachapoal Province)Pontifical Catholic University of Chile March 11, 2022 March 11, 2030
Juan Luis Castro Democratic Socialism PS Deputy of District 15 (Cachapoal Province) University of Chile March 11, 2022 March 11, 2030
IXMauleAndrea Balladares LetelierNational Renewal and IndependentsRN——March 11, 2026March 11, 2034
Beatriz Sánchez MuñozMixed (DC–Ind.–FREVS–PC–FA committee)Frente AmplioDeputy of former District 8; 2017 presidential candidate—March 11, 2026March 11, 2034
Ignacio Urrutia BonillaRepublican Party and IndependentsRepublicanoDeputy of former District 17 (long-serving)—March 11, 2026March 11, 2034
Cristián Vial MacerattaRepublican Party and IndependentsInd. (Republicano committee)——March 11, 2026March 11, 2034
Paulina VodanovicMixed (PS–PPD–Ind.–Liberal committee)PSSubsecretary for the Armed Forces during Michelle Bachelet's presidency; re-elected senator, 2025University of ChileApril 25, 2023March 11, 2034
XBiobíoSebastián KeitelChile VamosEvópoliDeputy of District 9 (Santiago North)Silva Henríquez Catholic UniversityMarch 11, 2022March 11, 2030
Enrique van RysselbergheUDIDeputy of District 20 (Concepción Province)University for DevelopmentMarch 11, 2022March 11, 2030
Gastón Saavedra Democratic Socialism PS Deputy of District 20 (Concepción Province) Federico Santa María Technical University March 11, 2022 March 11, 2030
XVIÑubleLoreto CarvajalDemocratic SocialismPPDDeputy of District 19 (Ñuble Region)Catholic University of the Most Holy ConceptionMarch 3, 2021March 11, 2030
Gustavo SanhuezaChile VamosUDIDeputy of District 19 (Ñuble Region)University of the Bío BíoMarch 11, 2022March 11, 2030
XIAraucaníaMiguel Ángel Becker AlvearNational Renewal and IndependentsRNDeputy of former District 22—March 11, 2026March 11, 2034
Rodolfo Carter FernándezRepublican Party and IndependentsInd. (Republicano committee)Mayor of La Florida—March 11, 2026March 11, 2034
Ricardo Celis ArayaMixed (PS–PPD–Ind.–Liberal committee)PPDDeputy of former District 23—March 11, 2026March 11, 2034
Francisco HuenchumillaMixed (DC–Ind.–FREVS–PC–FA committee)DCIntendant of the Araucanía Region during Michelle Bachelet's presidency; re-elected senator, 2025University of ChileMarch 11, 2018March 11, 2034
Vanessa Kaiser Barents-Von HohenhagenNational Libertarian PartyPNLDeputy of former District 10 (Santiago Metropolitan Region)—March 11, 2026March 11, 2034
XIILos RíosAlfonso de UrrestiDemocratic SocialismPSDeputy of former District 53 (El Ranco province)University of ChileMarch 11, 2014March 11, 2030
María José GaticaChile VamosRNProvincial Governor of Valdivia during Sebastián Piñera's presidencyAustral University of ChileMarch 11, 2022March 11, 2030
Iván Flores Out of pact DC Deputy of District 24 (Los Ríos Region) Austral University of Chile March 11, 2022 March 11, 2030
XIIILos LagosIván MoreiraChile VamosUDIDeputy of former District 27Luis Alberto Barrera High School, Punta ArenasMarch 11, 2014March 11, 2030
Carlos KuschelRNDeputy of District 26 (Los Lagos Region)Austral University of ChileMarch 11, 2022March 11, 2030
Fidel Espinoza Democratic Socialism PS Deputy of District 25 (Los Lagos Region) University of Chile March 11, 2022 March 11, 2030
XIVAysénMiguel Ángel Calisto ÁguilaEvópoli and IndependentsInd. (Evópoli committee)Deputy of former District 27 (Aysén Region)—March 11, 2026March 11, 2034
Ximena ÓrdenesMixed (PS–PPD–Ind.–Liberal committee)Ind. - PPDIntendant of the Aysén Region during Michelle Bachelet's presidency; re-elected senator, 2025Andrés Bello National UniversityMarch 11, 2018March 11, 2034
XVMagallanesKarim BianchiOut of pactIndependentDeputy of District 28 (Magallanes Region)UNIACC

University of Magallanes

March 11, 2022March 11, 2030
Alejandro KusanovicChile VamosInd. - PSCPresident of the Regional Council of Magallanes (2019-2021)Technical State University of ChileMarch 11, 2022March 11, 2030

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ↑
  2. ↑
  3. ↑ Part of Change for Chile
  4. ↑
  5. ↑ As of 2026 the Senate's standing committees include Government, Decentralization and Regionalization; Foreign Relations; Constitution, Legislation, Justice and Regulations; Economy; Finance; Education; National Defense; Public Works; Agriculture; Environment, Climate Change and National Assets; Labor and Social Security; Health; Mining and Energy; Housing and Urban Planning; Transportation and Telecommunications; Human Rights, Nationality and Citizenship; Maritime Interests, Fishing and Aquaculture; Internal Regime; Accounts Review; Ethics and Transparency of the Senate; Challenges of the Future, Science, Technology and Innovation; Public Security; Water Resources, Desertification and Drought; Women and Gender Equity; Older Adults and Disability; Culture, Heritage, Arts, Sports and Recreation; and Family, Childhood and Adolescence, in addition to the Special Joint Budget Committee formed with the Chamber of Deputies.[8]

References

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  1. 1 2 Ley Fácil – BCN (21 September 2020). "Límite a la reelección de autoridades". Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 September 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 "Paulina Núñez (RN) es la nueva presidenta del Senado". Emol (in Spanish). 11 March 2026. Retrieved 10 September 2026.
  3. ↑ "Senado aprueba nombramiento de Luis Rojas como secretario general y Andrés Salas como prosecretario". La Tercera (in Spanish). 17 June 2026. Retrieved 10 September 2026.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile (27 November 2014). "Nuevo sistema electoral para elecciones parlamentarias (fin del sistema binominal)" (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 September 2018.
  5. 1 2 "Funciones del Senado". www.senado.cl (in Spanish). 7 November 2012. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
  6. ↑ Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile. "Ley Chile, Articulo 190". www.bcn.cl (in Spanish). Retrieved 3 September 2026.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile. "Elecciones parlamentarias". www.bcn.cl (in Spanish). Retrieved 3 September 2026.
  8. ↑ "Comisiones". Senado – República de Chile (in Spanish). Retrieved 10 September 2026.
  9. 1 2 "Dietas". Senado – República de Chile (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 March 2026.
  10. ↑ "Asignaciones parlamentarias" (in Spanish). Consejo Resolutivo de Asignaciones Parlamentarias. Retrieved 30 March 2026.
  11. ↑ "Asignaciones parlamentarias mensuales senadores(as) 2025" (PDF) (in Spanish). Consejo Resolutivo de Asignaciones Parlamentarias. Retrieved 29 March 2026.
  12. ↑ "Reglamento constitucional provisorio sancionado en 26 de octubre de 1812" [Provisional constitutional regulations sanctioned on October 26, 1812] (in Spanish).
  13. ↑ "Primer Senado y Cuerpos Legislativos siguientes" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 24 May 2013. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
  14. ↑ "El reglamento para el gobierno provisorio sancionado en 17 de marzo de 1814" [The regulations for the provisional government sanctioned on March 17, 1814] (in Spanish).
  15. ↑ Constitución de 1823: El Senado
  16. ↑ "Bajo Críticas Opositoras, Asume Frei en el Senado" [Amid opposition criticism, Frei takes office in the Senate]. El Mercurio (in Spanish). March 21, 2000. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
  17. ↑ "Enough of Pinochet". The Economist. Associated Press. January 8, 1998.
  18. ↑ Montes, Rocío (2022-04-14). "La Convención Constitucional de Chile sella el fin del Senado tras 200 años de historia". El País (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-09-18.
  19. ↑ "La (aparente) paradoja de Chile: 3 razones para entender el rechazo a la nueva Constitución cuando casi el 80% estaba a favor de cambiarla". BBC News Mundo (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-09-18.
  20. ↑ "Paulina Núñez (RN) asume la presidencia del Senado: es la primera mujer de centroderecha que lidera la Cámara Alta". Emol (in Spanish). 11 March 2026. Retrieved 10 September 2026.
  21. ↑ AdimarkGfK. "Investigación de mercados" (in Spanish). Retrieved 15 December 2012.
  22. 1 2 "Listado de senadoras y senadores". Senado – República de Chile (in Spanish). Retrieved 10 September 2026.
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