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SPMIP4

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
SPMIP4
Identifiers
AliasesSPMIP4, chromosome 7 open reading frame 31, C7orf31, Sperm Microtubule Inner Protein 4
External IDsOMIM: 616071; MGI: 1918071; HomoloGene: 69433; GeneCards: SPMIP4; OMA:SPMIP4 - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

136895

70821

Ensembl

ENSG00000153790

ENSMUSG00000029828

UniProt

Q8N865

Q9D5Y0

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_138811
NM_001371351
NM_001371352

NM_027564

RefSeq (protein)

NP_620166
NP_001358280
NP_001358281

NP_081840

Location (UCSC)Chr 7: 25.13 – 25.18 MbChr 6: 50.55 – 50.57 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Sperm-associated microtubule inner protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the gene SPMIP4 (previously C7orf31).[5] The SPMIP4 protein is predicted to be part of the core (axoneme) of the sperm flagellum.[6]

Gene/Locus

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In humans, the SPMIP4 gene is located at the locus 7p15.3 [7] and stretches between position 25174316 and 25219817 (span 45502 bp).[8] It codes for at least 4 unique human isoforms: the primary isoform (590 aa; also denoted X1, X2, and CRA_c),[9][10][11] isoform X4 (346 aa),[12] isoform CRA_a (580 aa),[13] and isoform CRA_b (380 aa).[14]

Transcript

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In humans, SPMIP4 codes for an mRNA strand that is 3609 base pairs long. The human mRNA is composed of a 5' untranslated region that is 561 bases and a 3' untranslated region that is 1275 bases long.[15]

Protein

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The primary protein encoded by SPMIP4 in humans is 590 amino acids long with molecular weight 38334 Da.[7] The protein is part of a functionally uncharacterized family of proteins (pfam15093) with a domain of unknown function (DUF4555).[16]

Protein Orthology

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The SPMIP4 protein is well-conserved in mammals and birds, but is less conserved in more distant organisms.[17]

SPMIP4 does not have any paralogs in humans.

Expression

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In humans, SPMIP4 is predicted to be localized in the cytosol, nucleus, mitochondrion, and peroxisome, and it is expressed in almost all tissues.[18] It is highly expressed especially in the testes.[19]

Interaction

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Two-hybrid studies have found interactions between the proteins encoded by A8K5H9 and SPMIP4,[20] and another study has found the protein to interact with KBTBD5.[21]

A study in 2014 found SPMIP4 to be a candidate as a centrosome-associated protein, using mass spectrometry on mammalian sperm cells’ centrioles. The protein appears in the study alongside seven other centrosome-associated protein candidates.[22] Along with 2241 other proteins, SPMIP4 also exhibited significant binding in a microarray experiment to β-amyloids, a group of proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease.[23] Finally, in a protein-protein interaction network study,[24] SPMIP4 was found to associate with KLHL40, whose exact function is also not known.[25]

References

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  1. 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000153790 – Ensembl, May 2017
  2. 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000029828 – Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ↑ "SPMIP4 - sperm microtubule inner protein 4". ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2026-08-02.
  6. ↑ "Q8N865 · SMIP4_HUMAN". uniprot.org. UniProt consortium. Retrieved 2026-08-02.
  7. 1 2 "NCBI Protein".
  8. ↑ "UCSC Blat Results".
  9. ↑ "NCBI Protein (National Center for Biotechnology Information)".
  10. ↑ "NCBI Protein (National Center for Biotechnology Information)".
  11. ↑ "NCBI Protein (National Center for Biotechnology Information)".
  12. ↑ "NCBI Protein (National Center for Biotechnology Information)".
  13. ↑ "NCBI Protein (National Center for Biotechnology Information)".
  14. ↑ "NCBI Protein (National Center for Biotechnology Information)".
  15. ↑ "NCBI Nucleotide (National Center for Biotechnology Information)". 11 November 2018.
  16. ↑ "NCBI Conserved Domains (National Center for Biotechnology Information)".
  17. ↑ "NCBI Blast (National Center for Biotechnology Information)".
  18. ↑ "Genecards C7orf31".
  19. ↑ "NCBI GEO (National Center for Biotechnology Information".
  20. ↑ "21 binary interactions found for search term C7orf31". IntAct Molecular Interaction Database. EMBL-EBI. Retrieved 2018-08-25.
  21. ↑ "STRING Database".
  22. ↑ Firat-Karalar EN, Sante J, Elliott S, Stearns T (October 2014). "Proteomic analysis of mammalian sperm cells identifies new components of the centrosome". Journal of Cell Science. 127 (Pt 19): 4128–33. doi:10.1242/jcs.157008. PMC 4179487. PMID 25074808.
  23. ↑ Oláh J, Vincze O, Virók D, Simon D, Bozsó Z, Tõkési N, Horváth I, Hlavanda E, Kovács J, Magyar A, Szũcs M, Orosz F, Penke B, Ovádi J (September 2011). "Interactions of pathological hallmark proteins: tubulin polymerization promoting protein/p25, beta-amyloid, and alpha-synuclein". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 286 (39): 34088–100. doi:10.1074/jbc.m111.243907. PMC 3190826. PMID 21832049.
  24. ↑ Rolland T, Taşan M, Charloteaux B, Pevzner SJ, Zhong Q, Sahni N, et al. (November 2014). "A proteome-scale map of the human interactome network". Cell. 159 (5): 1212–1226. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.10.050. PMC 4266588. PMID 25416956.
  25. ↑ "NCBI Gene".
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