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Portal:Ukraine

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The Ukraine Portal - Портал України

Ukraine
Україна (Ukrainian)
ISO 3166 codeUA

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the north; Poland and Slovakia to the west; Hungary, Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov to the south and southeast. Kyiv is Ukraine's capital and largest city, followed by Kharkiv, Odesa, and Dnipro. The official language of the country is Ukrainian. Ukraine covers an area of 603,628 km2 (233,062 sq mi) with an estimated total population of 32.3 million in 2026.

Humans have inhabited Ukraine since at least 32,000 BC. During the Middle Ages, it was the site of early Slavic expansion and later became a key centre of East Slavic culture under the state of Kievan Rus', which emerged in the 9th century. Kievan Rus' became the largest and most powerful realm in Europe in the 10th and 11th centuries, but gradually disintegrated into rival regional powers before being destroyed by the Mongols in the 13th century. For the next 600 years the area was contested, divided, and ruled by a variety of external powers, including the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Kingdom of Poland, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Austrian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Tsardom of Russia.

The Cossack Hetmanate emerged in central Ukraine in the 17th century but was partitioned between Russia and Poland before being gradually absorbed by the Russian Empire in the 18th century. Ukrainian nationalism developed and, following the Russian Revolution in 1917, the short-lived Ukrainian People's Republic was formed. The Bolsheviks consolidated control over much of the former empire and established the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, which became a constituent republic of the Soviet Union in 1922. In the early 1930s, millions of Ukrainians died in the Holodomor, a human-made famine. During World War II, Ukraine was occupied by Germany and endured major battles and atrocities, resulting in 7 million civilians killed, including most Ukrainian Jews.

Ukraine gained independence in 1991 as the Soviet Union dissolved, declaring itself neutral. A new constitution was adopted in 1996 as the country transitioned to a free market liberal democracy amid endemic corruption and a legacy of state control. The Orange Revolution of 2004–2005 ushered electoral and constitutional reforms. Resurgent political crises prompted a series of mass demonstrations in 2014 known as the Euromaidan, leading to a revolution, at the end of which Russia unilaterally occupied and annexed Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula, and pro-Russian unrest culminated in a war in Donbas with Russia and Russian-backed separatists. The 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine began the current phase of the war. (Full article...)

In the news

1 August 2026 – Russo-Ukrainian war
Foreign involvement in the Russo-Ukrainian war
The Washington Post reports that Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu blocked a request by former United States senator Lindsey Graham to transfer an Iron Dome system from the U.S. to Ukraine. (Haaretz)
Kyiv strikes
Kyiv mayor Vitali Klitschko says an overnight Russian missile attack has killed at least nine people and injured 24 others, while damaging buildings and causing fires across several districts of the Ukrainian capital. (Al Jazeera) (Reuters)
Naval warfare in the Russo-Ukrainian war
Ukrainian forces sink a Rosatom-owned container ship in the Black Sea, forcing its 17-member crew to abandon it. Rosatom says it had been transporting civilian goods, including frozen food and construction materials. (BBC News)
31 July 2026 – Russo-Ukrainian war
Attacks in Russia during the Russo-Ukrainian war
Two warehouses in Volgograd and Zelenodolsk, Tatarstan, are attacked and set on fire, causing damage estimated at US$1.5 billion, in the latest of a series of Ukrainian drone strikes targeting the Russian online retailer Wildberries. (AFP via France 24) (Kyiv Post)
30 July 2026 – Russo-Ukrainian war
Russian attacks on civilians in the Russo-Ukrainian war
Russian forces launch hundreds of drones and missiles at Ukraine, killing at least nine people and injuring more than 50 others, including six people killed in a ballistic missile strike on Kryvyi Rih. (NBC News) (Fana News)
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Makiivka (Ukrainian: Макіївка, IPA: [mɐˈkijiu̯kɐ] , Russian: Макеевка, romanizedMakeyevka), formerly Dmytriivsk (Ukrainian: Дмитріївськ) until 1931, is an industrial city in Donetsk Oblast, eastern Ukraine, located 15 kilometers (9.3 mi) east from Donetsk. The two cities are practically a conurbation. It has a population of 338,968 (2022 estimate).[1] It hosts the administration of Makiivka urban hromada.

Makiivka is a metallurgical and coal-mining centre of the Donets Basin, with heavy industry and coking plants supporting the local steel and coal industries. The city was captured by pro-Russian separatists in 2014 at the start of the war in Donbas and is currently occupied by Russia. (Full article...)

In the news

1 August 2026 – Russo-Ukrainian war
Foreign involvement in the Russo-Ukrainian war
The Washington Post reports that Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu blocked a request by former United States senator Lindsey Graham to transfer an Iron Dome system from the U.S. to Ukraine. (Haaretz)
Kyiv strikes
Kyiv mayor Vitali Klitschko says an overnight Russian missile attack has killed at least nine people and injured 24 others, while damaging buildings and causing fires across several districts of the Ukrainian capital. (Al Jazeera) (Reuters)
Naval warfare in the Russo-Ukrainian war
Ukrainian forces sink a Rosatom-owned container ship in the Black Sea, forcing its 17-member crew to abandon it. Rosatom says it had been transporting civilian goods, including frozen food and construction materials. (BBC News)
31 July 2026 – Russo-Ukrainian war
Attacks in Russia during the Russo-Ukrainian war
Two warehouses in Volgograd and Zelenodolsk, Tatarstan, are attacked and set on fire, causing damage estimated at US$1.5 billion, in the latest of a series of Ukrainian drone strikes targeting the Russian online retailer Wildberries. (AFP via France 24) (Kyiv Post)
30 July 2026 – Russo-Ukrainian war
Russian attacks on civilians in the Russo-Ukrainian war
Russian forces launch hundreds of drones and missiles at Ukraine, killing at least nine people and injuring more than 50 others, including six people killed in a ballistic missile strike on Kryvyi Rih. (NBC News) (Fana News)

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Notes

  1. ^ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.