Nuclear exosome regulator NRDE2 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the geneNRDE2 (previously C14orf102).[5][6]
The protein NRDE2 functions as an RNA regulator through its interaction with MTREX.[6] In particular, it regulates RNA degradation, and the transport of RNA out of the nucleus.[6]
According to EST profiles, C14orf102 is most highly expressed in the esophagus (98 TPM) and trachea (76), and is further expressed in multiple different tissues.[7] However, the AceView summary suggests that this gene is expressed most highly in the brain, followed by decreased expression in 81 separate tissues. This is inferred in the reconstruction of the mRNA sequence, as well as exon sequencing, in that the majority of cDNAclones used for each procedure were found in the brain. This is consistent with GenBank record, which indicates that the cDNA clone was also isolated from brain tissue. The general expression of the gene is high, being 1.8 times that of average gene expression.
The protein contains five HAT (histone acetyltransferase) domains, a coiled coil domain, a domain of unknown function, a lysine-rich region, and a poly-lysine and serine region. Further post-translational modifications include phosphorylation and mono-methylation sites.[8] Because the protein is considered to be a part of a family of Up-frameshift proteins, it is expected to function in protein binding and to be located in the cytoplasm. Certain UPF proteins have been found to play a central role in the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway, which is responsible for identifying and degrading mRNA sequences that contain premature termination codons (PTCs) – sequences that encode truncated amino acid sequences.[9]
C14orf102 interacts with RNPS1, a gene encoding a protein that is known to be directly involved in nuclear export and surveillance of mRNA.[10] Surveillance by the RNPS1 protein initiates NMD after identification of exported, PTC-containing mRNA. Because UPF0614 is expected to be located in the cytoplasm and function in protein binding, this interaction supports the potential role of UPF0614 in the NMD pathway.
