Jilyaale
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Jilyaale
Jiliale; Giliale; Jameeco Jilyaale | |
|---|---|
  Jilyaale Location in Somalia | |
| Coordinates: 2°50′54″N 45°8′16″E / 2.84833°N 45.13778°E | |
| Country | Somalia |
| State |  Hirshabelle |
| Region | Middle Shabelle |
| Elevation | 101 m (331 ft) |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (EAT) |
Jilyaale (Somali: Jilyaale; also spelled Jiliale and Giliale) is a historic settlement in Somalia associated with the religious community of Sheikh Hassan Barsane, a Somali Islamic scholar and leader of resistance to Italian colonial rule. Historical sources identify Jiliale as the principal centre of Barsane's jama'a after the community was moved there in 1897 following a shir (assembly).[1] Modern geographical databases record Jilyaale under the alternative names Jiliale and Giliale.
History
[edit]Early religious community
[edit]Jilyaale's historical importance is associated with Sheikh Hassan Barsane and the religious community he led. Barsane was the son of Sheikh Nur Ahmad Omar, who had established a religious centre at Beled Ubaadi, approximately 80 kilometres northwest of Jowhar, during the nineteenth century. The religious establishment founded by Sheikh Nur Ahmad Omar subsequently became associated with the Barsame family and the Gaalje'el community. [2]
Barsane travelled to Mecca to perform the Hajj in the late 1880s. During his time he came into contact with scholars associated with the Salihiyya religious order, including Sheikh Muhammad ibn Salah al-Rashid. He also encountered Muhammad Guleed, a Somali scholar associated with the spread of the Salihiyya tradition in the Somali territories. [2]
After returning to Somalia, Barsane established the Jama'a Mubarak Belet Karim near the wells of El Dheere in 1890. The settlement developed into a religious community centred on Islamic teaching and communal organisation under his leadership. [2][3]
In 1897, following a shir, Barsane and his followers moved the jama'a to Jiliale. Mukhtar describes the relocation as a movement from a predominantly pastoral area of the Upper Shabelle valley to an agricultural area of the Lower Shabelle valley. [2]
The relocation established Jiliale as the principal centre of Barsane's religious community. From Jiliale, the jama'a subsequently developed into a community with both religious and political dimensions and became associated with opposition to the expanding influence of European colonial powers in southern Somalia. [2][3][4]
Relations with the Dervish movement
[edit]Barsane's movement operated alongside other Somali Islamic movements during a period of considerable political and religious competition. Mukhtar records that Barsane's followers forced adherents of Mohammed Abdullah Hassan and the Dervish movement to retreat toward the Ogaden in Ethiopia. The episode illustrates the independent political position of the Jiliale community. Although both movements opposed aspects of European and Ethiopian expansion, Barsane's jama'a maintained its own leadership and political interests
Italian expansion
[edit]Jiliale became involved in the conflicts with Italian expansion in southern Somalia. In 1896, an Italian expedition commanded by Antonio Cecchi was defeated by the Wa'dan at Lafoole. According to Mukhtar, Barsane's community at Jiliale celebrated the victory. The community subsequently received news of Italian retaliatory against Jiliale in the Banaadir region. Mukhtar records that Italian forces burned and looted several settlements, contributing to the hostility that developed between Barsane's followers and the colonial authorities. Italian control expanded inland during the following decades. The colonial administration established plantations in the Shabelle valley, particularly around Balcad and Jowhar, and sought to bring the surrounding communities to under its authority. The Jiliale jama'a resisted incorporation into the colonial administration. Its members refused to join the Zaptie, the security force established by the Italian authorities, and maintained their own communal and religious organization
References
[edit]- ↑ Mukhtar, Mohamed Haji (2003). Historical Dictionary of Somalia. Scarecrow Press. pp. 209–210.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Mohamed Haji Mukhtar, Historical Dictionary of Somalia, 2nd ed. (Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 2003), pp. 209–210.
- 1 2 Abdullahi Contes, Putting the Cart Before the Horse: Contested Nationalism and the Somali Crisis, pp. 78–80.
- ↑ David H. Marlowe, The Galjaal Barsana of Central Somalia: A Lineage Political System in a Changing World (PhD diss., Harvard University, 1963), pp. 106–107.
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