Castilleja minor
| Castilleja minor | |
|---|---|
 | |
| var. minor | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Embryophytes |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Orobanchaceae |
| Genus: | Castilleja |
| Species: | C. minor |
| Binomial name | |
| Castilleja minor (A.Gray) A.Gray | |
| Varieties[3] | |
| |
| Synonyms[3] | |
| |
Castilleja minor is a species of flowering plant in the family Orobanchaceae known as thread-torch paintbrush or seep paintbrush. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to California and eastward to the Rocky Mountain states.
Description
[edit]Castilleja minor is annual plant that typically grows 20–100 centimeters (8–39 in) tall, but occasionally may reach as much as 1.5 meters (4.9 ft). It may have a short taproot or small fibrous root system.[4] The stems are usually without branches and sparsely covered in loose, pilose hairs, ones that are long and straight. Each plant will have either just a few stems or one alone.[5] Sometimes the hairs are shaggy and this characteristic is associated with Castilleja minor var. minor.[4]
The leaves of thread-torch paintbrush vary widely in size, from as short as 2 centimeters or as long as 10 cm,[4] and are just 2–5 millimeters wide near the base.[5] They also vary widely in color from purple to green and may have a little or a significant gray cast. They may be linear, narrow like a blade of grass, or lanceolate, shaped like a spear point with the widest part below the midpoint of the leaf.[4] The leaves have a soft texture and are not divided into lobes.[4][5]
The inflorescence is narrow,[6] 5–40 centimeters long and just 1–4 cm wide.[4] The flowers are also, long, narrow, and threadlike.[7]
Taxonomy
[edit]Castilleja minor was first scientifically described by Asa Gray as a variety of Castilleja affinis as Castilleja affinis var. minor in 1859. In 1876 he published a revision of his previous classification, changing it to a species with its accepted name. It is classified in the genus Castilleja within the family Orobanchaceae.[3]
Castilleja minor has four accepted varieties.[3]
- Castilleja minor var. exilis (A.Nelson) J.M.Egger
- Castilleja minor var. minor
- Castilleja minor var. spiralis (Jeps.) J.M.Egger
- Castilleja minor var. stenantha (A.Gray) J.M.Egger
Castilleja minor has eight synonyms of the species or three of its four varieties.[3][8][9][10]
| Name | Year | Rank | Synonym of: | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Castilleja affinis Benth. | 1849 | species | var. spiralis | = het., nom. illeg. |
| Castilleja affinis var. minor A.Gray | 1859 | variety | C. minor | ≡ hom. |
| Castilleja exilis A.Nelson | 1904 | species | var. exilis | ≡ hom. |
| Castilleja minor subsp. spiralis (Jeps.) T.I.Chuang & Heckard | 1992 | subspecies | var. spiralis | ≡ hom. |
| Castilleja spiralis Jeps. | 1901 | species | var. spiralis | ≡ hom. |
| Castilleja stenantha A.Gray | 1878 | species | var. stenantha | ≡ hom. |
| Castilleja stenantha subsp. spiralis (Jeps.) Munz | 1958 | subspecies | var. spiralis | ≡ hom. |
| Castilleja stricta Rydb. | 1900 | species | var. exilis | ≡ hom., nom. illeg. |
| Notes: ≡ homotypic synonym; = heterotypic synonym | ||||
Names
[edit]In English it is known by the common names of thread-torch paintbrush,[7] seep paintbrush,[4] or annual paintbrush.[11] In the early 1900s it was also known as small-flowered painted-cup.[12]
References
[edit]- ↑ Smith, K. (2016). "Castilleja minor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T64310257A67729120. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T64310257A67729120.en. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
- ↑ NatureServe (2024). "Castilleja minor". Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "Castilleja minor (A.Gray) A.Gray". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Egger, J. Mark; Zika, Peter F.; Wilson, Barbara L.; Brainerd, Richard E.; Otting, Nick (6 November 2020). "Castilleja minor". Flora of North America. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
- 1 2 3 Heil, Kenneth D.; O'Kane, Jr., Steve L.; Reeves, Linda Mary; Clifford, Arnold (2013). Flora of the Four Corners Region: Vascular Plants of the San Juan River Drainage, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah. St. Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Garden. pp. 692–693. ISBN 978-1-930723-84-9. ISSN 0161-1542. LCCN 2012949654. OCLC 859541992. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
- ↑ Wetherwax, Margriet; Chuang, T.I.; Heckard, Lawrence R. (2012). "Castilleja minor". Jepson eFlora. University of California, Berkeley. Archived from the original on 17 September 2024. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
- 1 2 Niehaus, Theodore F. (1998). A Field Guide to Southwestern and Texas Wildflowers. Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin. pp. 250–251. ISBN 978-0-585-36531-2.
- ↑ "Castilleja minor var. exilis (A.Nelson) J.M.Egger". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2 December 2025.
- ↑ "Castilleja minor var. spiralis (Jeps.) J.M.Egger". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2 December 2025.
- ↑ "Castilleja minor var. stenantha (A.Gray) J.M.Egger". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2 December 2025.
- ↑ Keator, Glenn; Middlebrook, Alrie (2007). Designing California Native Gardens: The Plant Community Approach to Artful, Ecological Gardens. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-23978-4.
- ↑ Britton, Nathaniel Lord (1907). Manual of the Flora of the Northern States and Canada. New York: Henry Holt and Company. p. 840. Retrieved 28 September 2024.