Ata language

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The Ata language, also known as Pele-Ata after its two dialects, or Wasi, is a Papuan language spoken on New Britain island, Papua New Guinea. It appears to be related to neighboring Anêm, and possibly also to Yélî Dnye in a proposed Yele-West New Britain family. There are about 2000 speakers.

Dialects

According to Yanagida (2004), there are two dialects of Ata, a Lower dialect spoken in the lowlands and an Upper dialect spoken in the mountains.^[3] The Lower dialect is spoken in Bialla Rural LLG, West New Britain Province, while the Upper dialect is spoken mostly in West Pomio-Mamusi Rural LLG, East New Britain Province:^[4]

Lower dialect (in Bialla Rural LLG, West New Britain Province):

Upper dialect (in West Pomio-Mamusi Rural LLG, East New Britain Province, unless noted otherwise):

Sipa (Bauka), West New Britain (5°35′44″S 150°53′13″E / 5.59544°S 150.887°E / -5.59544; 150.887 (Sipa))
Uasilau [settlement], West New Britain (5°34′58″S 150°53′02″E / 5.58284°S 150.884°E / -5.58284; 150.884 (Uasilau))
Kaikou (5°39′08″S 150°59′32″E / 5.652238°S 150.992254°E / -5.652238; 150.992254 (Kaikou))
Lavugi (5°38′28″S 150°58′03″E / 5.641182°S 150.967552°E / -5.641182; 150.967552 (Lavugi))
Luge, West New Britain (5°33′45″S 150°51′04″E / 5.56239°S 150.851°E / -5.56239; 150.851 (Luge))
Ti (5°38′41″S 151°00′01″E / 5.644822°S 151.000275°E / -5.644822; 151.000275 (Kukulu))
Yauyau (5°37′38″S 150°57′35″E / 5.627284°S 150.959744°E / -5.627284; 150.959744 (Yauyau))
Kukulu (5°38′41″S 151°00′01″E / 5.644822°S 151.000275°E / -5.644822; 151.000275 (Kukulu))

Both the lower and upper dialects are spoken in the settlement of Silanga.

There are some lexical differences between the dialects. Some examples are listed below.^[3]^: 71

gloss	Upper Ata	Lower Ata
rain	uali	laʔiua
sweet potato	totoʔo	kelatu
cassava	mio	mio, mioxa
throw something	paxele	pei
yes	iou	ani
the day before yesterday	malakaumei	malaʔo
2nd person dual independent pronoun	ngolou	ngongou
3rd person dual independent pronoun	olou	ilou

Phonology of the Ata language:^[5]

Consonant sounds
	Labial	Alveolar	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m	n	ŋ
Plosive	p	t	k	ʔ
Fricative	β	s	x
Approximant		l

/s/ is pronounced as alveolo-palatal [ɕ] before /i/, /x/ is voiced as [ɣ] when occurring intervocalically.

A word-initial /i/ is realized as a [j], and a word-initial /u/ becomes a [w] when preceding /o/ or /ɑ/.

Ata makes use of noun classes, some of which are:^[6]^: 792

Below are some Ata noun class paradigms, using the noun roots lavo'o 'stone' and lexe 'song' as examples:^[6]^: 792

root	lavo'o	/stone/	'stone'
Class 1	lavo'o-silo	/stone-my/	'my stone to be used for a house'
Class 2	lavo'o-xeni	/stone-my/	'my stone to be used for breaking nuts'
Class 3	lavo'o-xo	/stone-my/	'my stone for a stone oven'

root	lexe	/song/	'song'
Class 1	lexe-silo	/song-my/	'a song to be sung for me'
Class 2	lexe-xeni	/song-my/	'the song I sing'
Class 3	lexe-xo	/song-my/	'the song about me'

Selected basic vocabulary items in Ata:^[7]

↑ Ata at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
↑ Eberhard, David M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., eds. (2019). "Papua New Guinea languages". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (22nd ed.). Dallas: SIL International.
1 2 Yanagida, Tatsuya. 2004. Socio-historic overview of the Ata language, an endangered Papuan language in New Britain, Papua New Guinea. In Shibata Norio and Shionoya, Toru (eds.), Kan minami Taiheiyoo no gengo 3 [Languages of the South Pacific Rim 3], 61-94. Suita: Faculty of Informatics, Osaka Gakuin University.
↑ United Nations in Papua New Guinea (2018). "Papua New Guinea Village Coordinates Lookup". Humanitarian Data Exchange. 1.31.9.
↑ Hashimoto, Kazuo (June 1992). Ata (Pele Ata, Wasi) Language [ATA] Kimbe – West New Britain Province (PDF). Organised Phonology Data: SIL.
1 2 Stebbins, Tonya; Evans, Bethwyn; Terrill, Angela (2018). "The Papuan languages of Island Melanesia". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 775–894. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
↑ Hashimoto (2008)