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Wikipedia:WikiProject Academic Journals/Journals cited by Wikipedia/Questionable2

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This is The Wikipedia CiteWatch, a bot-compiled listing of potentially cargo cult, conspiracist, denialist, fake, junk, not even wrong, obsolete, predatory, pseudoscientific, quack, or otherwise unreliable publications cited by Wikipedia through the |journal= and |doi= parameters of citation templates (see this Signpost article for details). It is based on several lists of unreliable or questionable publications (such as those compiled by Jeffrey Beall, the University Grants Commission, Quackwatch, or Wikipedia editors) and currently reflects the state of Wikipedia as of 1 August 2026. See Q9 in the FAQ for the update schedule.

This list is a starting point to detect unreliable sources which are cited by Wikipedia, but it does not answer whether it is appropriate to cite them. Due to the somewhat arbitrary nature of what exactly constitutes an unreliable source, as well as imperfect matching algorithms, the list may feature publications and publishers which...

  1. are flat-out promoting pseudo/junk scholarship or quackery
  2. are flat-out predatory/vanity venues, with sham peer-review processes
  3. were once-reliable, but have since been acquired by predatory publishers
  4. were once-unreliable, but no longer engage in problematic practices
  5. reflect the sources' good but imperfect judgment of what is unreliable
  6. are problematic in some areas (e.g. pseudoscience), but reliable in others (e.g. news)
  7. are problematic in some other way (e.g. circular references, or deprecated sources)
  8. are problematic but used in an acceptable manner (e.g. primary sources about frauds)
  9. are misclassified because of a spelling variation (red links especially)
  10. are misclassified because of false positives, miscategorization, or flawed bot logic
  11. are reliable, but share names with imposter publications and publishers
  12. are about pseudoscholarship as a topic, rather than being pseudoscholarly themselves

While many, if not most, publications and publishers on this list have some questionable aspects to their publishing practices, these can still be reliable (or be otherwise acceptable) in limited circumstances. The CiteWatch cannot determine the full context in which a source is used, therefore use common sense and judgement before removing a citation from an article (see Q8 in the FAQ). When in doubt, discuss things on the article's talk page or at the reliable sources noticeboard – especially before a mass purge of a source. The Unreliable/Predatory Source Detector user script may also interest you.

Additions and removals from the listing – including false positives – can be discussed at WT:CITEWATCH. False positives can also be directly handled at WP:JCW/EXCLUDE.
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Rank Target/Group Entries (Citations, Articles) Total Citations Distinct Articles ⁠Citations/article⁠
101 Kowsar Publishing | {{doi|10.5812}}
[Beall's publisher list]
All 15 Kowsar Publishing-related entries
28 26 1.077
102 North American Journal of Medical Sciences | {{doi|10.4297}}
[Beall's journal list / update]		 28 26 1.077
103 Journal of Cosmology | {{doi|10.37720}}
[Beall's journal list]		 28 19 1.474
104 Medium (website)
[WP:RSP § Generally unreliable]
See WP:RSP#Medium.		 27 26 1.038
105 FamilySearch
[WP:RSP § Generally unreliable]
See WP:RSP#FamilySearch.		 27 16 1.688
106 International Journal of Science and Research | {{doi|10.21275}}
[Beall's journal list]		 26 25 1.040
107 International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research | {{doi|10.36948}}
[Beall's journal list / update]		 26 24 1.083
108 Pharmacognosy Magazine
[Beall's journal list / update]		 25 25 1.000
109 Research (journal)
[Beall's journal list]		 25 24 1.042
110 International Journal of Pediatrics
[Beall's journal list]		 25 21 1.190
111 Calodema (journal)
[Beall's journal list]		 24 24 1.000
112 International Business Times
[WP:RSP § Generally unreliable]
See WP:RSP#International Business Times.		 24 21 1.143
113 European Journal of Science and Theology
[Beall's journal list]		 23 23 1.000
114 Pharmacognosy Research
[Beall's journal list / update]		 23 23 1.000
115 International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research | {{doi|10.14299}}
[Beall's journal list · Lying about DOAJ]		 23 22 1.045
116 World Scientific News
[Beall's journal list]		 23 21 1.095
117 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology
[Beall's journal list]		 21 21 1.000
118 Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences
[Beall's journal list]		 20 20 1.000
119 International Journal of Advanced Research | {{doi|10.21474}}
[Lying about DOAJ · Beall's publisher list]		 20 20 1.000
120 International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications
[Beall's journal list]		 20 20 1.000
121 Center for Promoting Ideas | {{doi|10.30845}}
[Beall's publisher list]		 20 19 1.053
122 YouTube
[WP:RSP § Generally unreliable]
See WP:RSP#YouTube.		 20 18 1.111
123 International Journal of Sciences
[Beall's journal list]		 19 18 1.056
124 Wikipedia:Deprecated sources
[WP:DEPS § Currently deprecated sources]		 19 18 1.056
125 International Journal of Fauna and Biological Studies
[Beall's journal list]		 18 17 1.059
126 Journal of Pharmacy Research
[Beall's journal list]		 18 17 1.059
127 NeuroQuantology | {{doi|10.14704}}
[See and ]		 18 17 1.059
128 Oncoscience (journal)
[Beall's journal list]		 18 17 1.059
129 Asian Journal of Chemistry
[Beall's journal list]		 17 17 1.000
130 Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research
[Beall's journal list / update]		 17 17 1.000
131 Core Evidence
[Beall's journal list / update]		 17 17 1.000
132 Green Publication | {{doi|10.53555}}
[Beall's publisher list / update]		 17 17 1.000
133 International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences
[Beall's journal list]		 17 17 1.000
134 Journal of Holistic Nursing
[Quackwatch's list]		 17 17 1.000
135 PinkNews
[WP:RSP § Generally unreliable]
See WP:RSP#PinkNews.		 17 17 1.000
136 Science and Education (publisher) | {{doi|10.12691}}
[Beall's publisher list]
Not to be confused with Science & Education by Springer.		 17 17 1.000
137 Scientific & Academic Publishing | {{doi|10.5923}}
[Beall's publisher list]
Computer Science and Engineering could be a journal published by Korea Open Access Journals		 17 17 1.000
138 International Journal of Business and Management
[Beall's journal list]		 17 16 1.062
139 Global Media Journal
[Beall's journal list · Lying about DOAJ]		 16 16 1.000
140 Id Press | {{doi|10.3889}}
[Beall's publisher list]
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences (or OAMJMS) is indexed in DOAJ, however its reviewing process is still sub-par, having accepted this series of papers before retracting them after being caught in a sting.		 16 16 1.000
141 International Journal of Development Research
[Beall's journal list]		 16 16 1.000
142 International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies
[Beall's journal list]		 16 16 1.000
143 International Journal of Humanities and Social Science
[Lying about DOAJ]		 16 15 1.067
144 International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention
[Beall's journal list]		 16 15 1.067
145 Who's Who (UK)
[WP:RSP § Generally unreliable]
See WP:RSP#Who's Who (UK).		 16 15 1.067
146 AkiNik Publications | {{doi|10.22271}}
[—]
Individual journals listed on Beall's list
All 11 AkiNik Publications-related entries
16 14 1.143
147 Wikipedia
[WP:CIRCULAR / WP:MIRROR]
See WP:RSP#Wikipedia.		 16 11 1.455
148 International Journal of Biomedical Science
[Beall's journal list]		 15 15 1.000
149 International Journal of Medical Students
[Beall's journal list]		 15 14 1.071
150 STM Journals | {{doi|10.37591}}
[—]
Possibly an affiliate of OMICS Publishing Group. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering is likely the ASCE journal, rather than the STM journal.		 15 8 1.875
151 MedCrave | {{doi|10.15406}}
[Beall's publisher list]
All 13 MedCrave-related entries
14 14 1.000
152 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology | {{doi|10.17577}}
[Beall's journal list]		 14 13 1.077
153 IMDb
[WP:RSP § Generally unreliable]
See WP:RSP#IMDb.		 14 12 1.167
154 Cardiology Academic Press
[Beall's publisher list]
Until 2013, Experimental & Clinical Cardiology belonged to Pulsus group, which hadn't yet been sold to OMICS Publishing Group		 13 13 1.000
155 Experimental & Clinical Cardiology
[]
Until 2013, Experimental & Clinical Cardiology belonged to Pulsus group, which hadn't yet been sold to OMICS Publishing Group		 13 13 1.000
156 Journal of HerbMed Pharmacology | {{doi|10.34172}}
[Beall's journal list]		 13 13 1.000
157 Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease
[Beall's journal list]		 13 12 1.083
158 Holocaust denial
[Unreliable fields]		 13 12 1.083
159 Integrative Medicine (journal)
[Quackwatch's list]		 13 11 1.182
160 LiveJournal
[WP:RSP § Generally unreliable]
See WP:RSP#LiveJournal.		 13 11 1.182
161 Research and Scientific Innovation Society | {{doi|10.47772}}
[Beall's publisher list]		 13 11 1.182
162 David Publishing | {{doi|10.17265}}
[Beall's publisher list]		 12 12 1.000
163 International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering
[Beall's journal list]		 12 12 1.000
164 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
[Beall's journal list / update]		 12 12 1.000
165 Journal of Engineering Design
[Lying about DOAJ]		 12 11 1.091
166 Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences
[Lying about DOAJ]		 12 11 1.091
167 ZDNET
[WP:RSP § Generally unreliable]
See WP:RSP#ZDNet (October 2020-present).		 12 11 1.091
168 International Journal of Applied Research
[Beall's journal list]		 12 10 1.200
169 Blaze Media
[WP:RSP § Generally unreliable]
See WP:RSP#Blaze Media. Blaze could also refer to a kids magazine or the official magazine of the Calgary Flames.		 12 7 1.714
170 European Journal of Sustainable Development
[Beall's journal list]		 11 11 1.000
171 International Journal of Current Research
[Beall's journal list]		 11 11 1.000
172 International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
[Beall's journal list]		 11 11 1.000
173 Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research
[Beall's journal list]		 11 11 1.000
174 Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics
[Beall's journal list / update]		 11 11 1.000
175 The Experiment (journal)
[Beall's journal list]		 11 11 1.000
176 Journal of International Oral Health
[Beall's journal list / update · Lying about DOAJ]		 11 10 1.100
177 Muscle & Fitness
[Quackwatch's list]		 11 10 1.100
178 Innovative Publication | {{doi|10.18231}}
[Beall's publisher list]		 11 9 1.222
179 International Journal of Sanskrit Research
[Beall's journal list]		 11 9 1.222
180 Phcog.Net | {{doi|10.5530}}
[Beall's journal list / update]		 11 8 1.375
181 World Nutrition
[Beall's publisher list / update]		 11 8 1.375
182 Twitter
[WP:RSP § Generally unreliable]
See WP:RSP#Twitter.		 11 7 1.571
183 International Archives of Medicine
[Beall's journal list]
Acquired by iMedPub in 2015		 10 10 1.000
184 International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
[Beall's journal list]		 10 10 1.000
185 AlterNet
[WP:RSP § Generally unreliable]
See WP:RSP#AlterNet.		 10 9 1.111
186 Journal of Arts and Humanities
[Beall's journal list]		 10 9 1.111
187 Discogs
[WP:RSP § Generally unreliable]
See WP:RSP#Discogs.		 10 8 1.250
188 Ethical Human Sciences and Services
[Quackwatch's list]		 10 8 1.250
189 Wikinews
[WP:RSP § Generally unreliable]
See WP:RSP#Wikinews.		 10 8 1.250
190 Fake news
[Unreliable fields]
All 6 Fake news-related entries
10 7 1.429
191 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research
[Beall's journal list]		 9 9 1.000
192 Journal of Environmental Research and Development
[Beall's journal list]		 9 9 1.000
193 Journal of Young Pharmacists
[RSN 310]		 9 9 1.000
194 Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies
[Beall's journal list]		 9 9 1.000
195 International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology
[Beall's journal list]		 9 8 1.125
196 Journal of Electrical Engineering
[Beall's journal list]		 9 8 1.125
197 Известия: Списание на Икономически Университет
[Lying about DOAJ]		 9 8 1.125
198 Horizon Research Publishing | {{doi|10.13189}}
[Beall's publisher list]		 9 7 1.286
199 An Phoblacht
[WP:RSP § Generally unreliable]
See WP:RSP#An Phoblacht.		 8 8 1.000
200 Counselor (magazine)
[Quackwatch's list]		 8 8 1.000
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