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Timeline of Lublin

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Lublin, Poland.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by editing the page to add missing items, with references to reliable sources.

Middle Ages

[edit]
  • In between 501–600: The creation of settlements on Czwartek hill ("Thursday"). Czwartek was a rural settlement. It is considered the oldest early medieval settlement of Lublin. Archaeological excavations have revealed the remains of 20 residential half-dugouts and several cavities of an economic nature.[1]
  • In between 501–600: The creation of the settlement on Grodzisko

From the 6th century people started erecting their settlements on Grodzisko hill (Today called Castle Hill). Later the settlement had facilities for business and was servicing the Gord.[2]

  • In between 701–800: First castle erected on the hill Old Town

In the eighth century, Hill Old Town was a place where a tribal stronghold was built.

  • 1050–1125: Undocumented church assumption on Czwartek (currently a city district). The Church of St. Nicholas situated on the steep hill is considered the oldest church in Lublin.
  • 1190–1205: The mention of Lublin in the "Chronicle" of Wincenty Kadłubek
  • 1198: The oldest source record name of Lublin - "Lubelnia", the rise of Lublin archdeaconry

Lublin is one of the oldest cities in Poland. According to both Dlugosz and Kadłubek the founding of the city took place in 810. The first preserved sources mention the name of the city however, only from the XII-XIII .: "de Lubelnia" (1198). "Lublin" (1224).[3] Sources are documents of ordinary official operations - the document attesting to the creation of the Lublin archdeaconry unit, forming part of the diocese of Kraków.

  • 1205: Defense of Lublin from the invasion of Prince Roman Mstislavic's troops. Information appeared in "History of Poland" published in the fifteenth century by Jan Długosz. The city was besieged by Prince Roman. They ceased besiege and retreated when behind the line of Vistula River troops of Leszek the White began to gather.
  • 1224: Sources of information about Castellans of Lublin
  • 1230 - 1235: The arrival of the Dominican Order in Lublin. It seems that the Dominicans came to Lublin already around 1230, although the origins of their activities are covered by the darkness of history. Usually setting Ordo Fratrum Praedicatorum indicated a high rank of the city. It is known that years later they built their first wooden church.
  • 1241: First Mongol invasion of Poland - robbery and destruction of Lublin. The devastation of the area during the march of the Mongol troops was written extensively by Jan Długosz in the seventh book of "Annals or Chronicles of the Famous Kingdom Polish."
  • 1474: Lublin became capital of the newly formed Lublin Voivodeship within Poland.

16th to 19th centuries

[edit]
Act of the Union of Lublin from 1569
Lublin Old Town in 1860
  • 1863
    • 29 June: Clash between Polish insurgents and Russian troops during the January Uprising.[9]
    • 18 August: Clash between Polish insurgents and Russian troops during the January Uprising.[10]
    • 18 October: Clash between Polish insurgents and Russian troops during the January Uprising.[11]
    • 25 October: Clash between Polish insurgents and Russian troops during the January Uprising.[12]
  • 1877: Lublin Główny railway station opened.
  • 1894: District Courthouse completed.[13]
  • 1900: Grand Hotel Lublinianka completed.

Early 20th century

[edit]

World War II

[edit]
German and Soviet troops in Lublin during the invasion of Poland in September 1939
  • 1939
    • September 4–5: part of the Polish gold reserve evacuated from Warsaw to Lublin by the Polish government during the German invasion of Poland, which started World War II.[17]
    • September 7–8: the Polish gold reserve was evacuated further east to Łuck.[17]
    • November 9: the Germans carried out mass arrests of hundreds of Poles, including teachers, judges, lawyers, engineers and priests, as part of the Intelligenzaktion.[18]
    • November 11: the Germans carried out arrests of 14 lecturers of the Catholic University of Lublin.[18]
    • November 17: the Germans closed down the Catholic University of Lublin and arrested around 60 of its students, as well as many local priests and lecturers of the local theological seminary.[18]
    • December 23–24: the Germans carried out an execution of 21 well-known and respected citizens of the region in Lublin.[18]
    • December 25: the German police carried out an execution of 10 Poles at the local Lemszczyzna brick factory.[19] Among the victims were local lawyers, professors, school principals and starosts of Lublin and Lubartów counties.[19]
  • 1940
    • January 25: the Germans carried out arrests of 23 Capuchin friars.[19]
    • February 2: the Germans carried out arrests of 43 Jesuit friars.[19]
    • April–May: the Russians carried out executions of many Poles from Lublin, including 94 lecturers, alumni and students of the Catholic University of Lublin during the large Katyn massacre.[20]
    • June 24: the Germans carried out mass arrests of over 800 Poles, as part of the AB-Aktion.[21]
    • June 29: the Germans committed a massacre of Poles in the present-day district of Rury.[22]
    • June–July: deportation of around 1,000 Poles from the Lublin Castle to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp.[22]
    • July 3: the Germans committed a massacre of Poles in the present-day district of Rury.[22]
    • July 5: the Germans committed a massacre of Poles in the present-day district of Rury.[22]
    • August 15: the Germans committed a massacre of Poles in the present-day district of Rury.[22]
    • October: deportation of around 100 Poles from the Lublin Castle to the Auschwitz concentration camp.[22]
    • December 31: the Germans committed a massacre of Poles in the present-day district of Rury.[22]
  • 1941
  • 1943
    • the Germans imprisoned around 9,000 expelled Poles from the Zamojszczyzna region in the Majdanek concentration camp and in a transit camp at Krochmalna Street; many were then deported to forced labour in Germany.[24]
    • August: around 2,200 people were released from the camps at Majdanek and Krochmalna Street thanks to efforts of the Polish Rada Główna Opiekuńcza charity organisation.[24]
Victims of Nazi Germany found in the castle in 1944
  • 1944
    • July 22: Majdanek concentration camp dissolved.
    • July 22: Massacre of over 300 prisoners perpetrated by the Germans at the Lublin Castle.[25]
    • July 24: City captured by the Soviet Army.
    • August 3: The Soviets arrested Władysław Cholewa [pl], the regional delegate of Polish government-in-exile.[26]
    • August 4: The Soviets arrested Colonel Kazimierz Tumidajski [pl], the commander of the regional branch of the Home Army.[26]
    • Autumn: Communist prison and court established by the Soviets at the Lublin Castle.[25]
    • December 30–31: Związek Samopomocy Chłopskiej (transl. Peasants' Mutual Aid Association) founded.[27]
  • 1945 – September: Tajna Organizacja Wojskowa (Secret Military Organization) and Bój Polish anti-communist resistance organizations founded.[28]

Post-war period

[edit]
  • 1946
    • February: Bojówka o Niepodległość Polish anti-communist resistance organization founded.[29]
    • August: Polish military anti-communist resistance Tracz Organization founded.[30]
  • 1948: Stalowi Polacy (Steel Poles) Polish anti-communist resistance organization founded.[30]
  • 1949
    • October: Młodzieżowa Organizacja Niepodległościowa (Youth Independence Organization) Polish anti-communist resistance organization founded.[30]
    • December: Ruch Wyzwolenia Młodzieży Słowiańskiej (Slavic Youth Liberation Movement) Polish anti-communist resistance organization founded.[30]
  • 1950
    • February: Trójki Polish anti-communist resistance organization founded.[30]
    • April: Podziemny Ruch Wyzwoleńczy (Underground Liberation Movement) Polish anti-communist resistance organization founded.[30]
    • FSC Lublin Automotive Factory founded.
    • Motor Lublin football club founded.
  • 1954
    • Prison at the Lublin Castle closed; cultural center opened there.[25]
    • Karol Wojtyła (future Pope John Paul II) starts lecturing at the Catholic University of Lublin.[31]
  • 1956
  • 1957: Museum opened at the Lublin Castle.[25]
  • 1964: Marie Curie-Skłodowska Monument unveiled.
  • 1969: Lublin hosts the 4th Women's Chess Olympiad.
  • 1973: Nicolaus Copernicus monument unveiled.
  • 1978: Henryk Wieniawski monument unveiled.
  • 1980: Strikes.
  • 1987: Visit of Pope John Paul II.[31]
  • 1992: Roman Catholic Diocese of Lublin promoted to Archdiocese.
  • 1995: Sister city partnership signed between Lublin and Debrecen, Hungary.[33]
Lublin Old Town in 2019

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ "Miejskie podróże w czasie (4); Tadeusz Baranowski, Agape". agape.com.pl. Retrieved 2016-07-30.
  2. ↑ "Wzgórze Grodzisko; Nowadays Wzgórze Zamkowe". poznajlublin.pl. Retrieved 2016-07-30.
  3. ↑ "Historia Lublina VI - 1317 | Kalendarium Lublina i Lubelszczyzny". Teatrnn.pl. Retrieved 2016-07-29.
  4. ↑ Konopczyński, Władysław (1948). Chronologia sejmów polskich 1493–1793 (in Polish). Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności. p. 133.
  5. ↑ Konopczyński, p. 139
  6. 1 2 Konopczyński, p. 140
  7. ↑ Konopczyński, p. 160
  8. ↑ Gembarzewski, Bronisław (1925). Rodowody pułków polskich i oddziałów równorzędnych od r. 1717 do r. 1831 (in Polish). Warszawa: Towarzystwo Wiedzy Wojskowej. p. 62.
  9. ↑ Zieliński, Stanisław (1913). Bitwy i potyczki 1863-1864. Na podstawie materyałów drukowanych i rękopiśmiennych Muzeum Narodowego w Rapperswilu (in Polish). Rapperswil: Fundusz Wydawniczy Muzeum Narodowego w Rapperswilu. p. 93.
  10. ↑ Zieliński, p. 101
  11. ↑ Zieliński, p. 106
  12. ↑ Zieliński, p. 107
  13. ↑ Anna Sikora-Terlecka. "Sąd Okręgowy, ob. Sąd Rejonowy". Zabytek.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 16 July 2022.
  14. ↑ "Russia: Area and Population: Principal Towns: Poland". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1913. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368374.
  15. ↑ Massalski, Adam (2020). "Eksterminacja młodocianych harcerek i harcerzy na ziemiach polskich w okresie okupacji niemieckiej (1939 – 1945)". In Kostkiewicz, Janina (ed.). Zbrodnia bez kary... Eksterminacja i cierpienie polskich dzieci pod okupacją niemiecką (1939–1945) (in Polish). Kraków: Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Biblioteka Jagiellońska. p. 237.
  16. ↑ Laudyn, Władysław (1931). Zarys historji wojennej 7-go Pułku Ułanów Lubelskich (in Polish). Warszawa. p. 5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  17. 1 2 Wróbel, Janusz (2002). "Wojenne losy polskiego złota". Biuletyn Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej (in Polish). No. 8-9 (19-20). IPN. p. 56. ISSN 1641-9561.
  18. 1 2 3 4 Wardzyńska, Maria (2009). Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. p. 247.
  19. 1 2 3 4 Wardzyńska, p. 248
  20. ↑ Pawelec, Marek (2010). ""Lista Katyńska" KUL". Przegląd Uniwersytecki (in Polish). Vol. 4, no. 126. Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. p. 8. ISSN 0866-9961.
  21. ↑ Wardzyńska, p. 264
  22. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Wardzyńska, p. 265
  23. 1 2 Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 282. ISBN 978-0-253-06089-1.
  24. 1 2 "Wysiedleńcy z Zamojszczyzny w obozie koncentracyjny na Majdanku". Państwowe Muzeum na Majdanku (in Polish). Retrieved 11 September 2021.
  25. 1 2 3 4 Śladami Unii Lubelskiej. Spacer po Lublinie (in Polish). Lublin. 2010. p. 32.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  26. 1 2 Grabowski, Waldemar (2002). "Na drodze do powstania". Biuletyn Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej (in Polish). No. 8-9 (19-20). IPN. p. 42. ISSN 1641-9561.
  27. ↑ Słownik historii Polski (in Polish). Warszawa: Wiedza Powszechna. 1973. p. 587.
  28. ↑ Atlas polskiego podziemia niepodległościowego 1944–1956 (in Polish). Warszawa–Lublin: Instytut Pamięci Narodowej. 2007. pp. 160, 162. ISBN 978-83-60464-45-8.
  29. ↑ Atlas polskiego podziemia niepodległościowego 1944–1956 (in Polish). Warszawa–Lublin: Instytut Pamięci Narodowej. 2007. p. 160. ISBN 978-83-60464-45-8.
  30. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Atlas polskiego podziemia niepodległościowego 1944–1956 (in Polish). Warszawa–Lublin: Instytut Pamięci Narodowej. 2007. p. 162. ISBN 978-83-60464-45-8.
  31. 1 2 "Jan Paweł II w Lublinie". lublin.eu (in Polish). Retrieved 30 July 2022.
  32. 1 2 3 "W Lublinie stanął pomnik w podziękowaniu za solidarność z Węgrami w 1956 r." Urząd Marszałkowski Województwa Lubelskiego w Lublinie (in Polish). 13 October 2020. Retrieved 16 July 2022.
  33. ↑ "Debreczyn". lublin.eu (in Polish). Retrieved 30 July 2022.
  34. ↑ "Tbilisi". lublin.eu (in Polish). Retrieved 30 July 2022.
  35. ↑ "Lublin: Chaczkar darem Armenii dla Lublina". eKAI (in Polish). 14 August 2017. Retrieved 16 July 2022.
  36. ↑ "W Lublinie otwarto konsulat Republiki Słowenii". Lubelski Urząd Wojewódzki w Lublinie (in Polish). 4 June 2018. Retrieved 16 July 2022.
  37. ↑ "Odsłonięcie pomnika Ofiar Wołynia – Lublin, 11 lipca 2018". Instytut Pamięci Narodowej (in Polish). 9 February 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2022.

Bibliography

[edit]
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