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October 2
The Battle of Tumu was a battle in Chinese history, fought on 1 September 1449, between the Ming dynasty and the Oirat Mongols. In July 1449, Esen Taishi, leader of the Oirat Mongols, launched a large-scale, three-pronged invasion of China. Emperor Yingzong of Ming (pictured), on the advice of the eunuch Wang Zhen, decided to personally lead an expedition northward to confront Esen, despite protests from experienced generals. The Ming army was ill-prepared and became scattered during its advance. When it reached the Tumu post station, it was in a vulnerable position, trapped in narrow terrain with limited water and supplies. Esen then employed deceptive tactics to lure the Ming forces into an ambush, and Mongol cavalry units quickly surrounded them, cutting off their retreat. Meanwhile, Wang Zhen, who held de facto command, was indecisive and ignored advice from his generals to organize a withdrawal. Esen's troops subsequently overwhelmed and defeated the Ming army, killed tens of thousands of soldiers, and captured the Emperor. (Full list...)
October 5
There are 90 Grade I listed buildings in Mendip, a former local government district in the English county of Somerset. In the United Kingdom, the term listed building refers to a building or other structure officially designated as being of special architectural, historical or cultural significance; Grade I structures are those considered to be "buildings of exceptional interest". Most such buildings in Mendip are Norman- or medieval-era churches, many of which are included in the Somerset towers, a collection of distinctive, mostly spireless Gothic church towers. The greatest concentrations of Grade I listed buildings are in Wells and Glastonbury. In Wells these are clustered around the 10th-century Cathedral Church of St Andrew, better known as Wells Cathedral, and the 13th-century Bishop's Palace. Glastonbury is the site of the Abbey, where construction started in the 7th century, and its associated buildings. (Full list...)
October 7
Since the 1932 season, the National Football League (NFL) has recorded which players have received the most touchdowns that season. In American football, passing, along with running, is one of the two main methods of advancing the ball down the field. A receiving touchdown is scored when a player catches the ball in the field of play and advances it into the end zone, or catches it while already being within the boundaries of the end zone. The record for receiving touchdowns in a season is 23, set by Randy Moss (pictured) during the 2007 season. Don Hutson led the league in receiving touchdowns nine times, the most of any player in league history. Hutson also holds the record for the two longest streaks leading the league in receiving touchdowns, doing so for four consecutive seasons (1935 to 1938) and then for five consecutive years from 1940 to 1944. (Full list...)
October 9
Liechtenstein has won two gold medals, two silver medals, and six bronze medals at the Olympic Games. Liechtenstein debuted at the Olympics in 1936 and has fielded a team at every Olympics since, except for the 1952 Winter Olympics and the 1956 and 1980 Summer Olympics. Liechtenstein won its first medal at the 1976 Winter Olympics, when alpine skier Hanni Wenzel won a bronze in the women's slalom. Wenzel also won the delegation's first gold medal upon winning the women's giant slalom at the following Winter Games. The delegation holds the distinction of being the only one to have earned all of its medals at the Winter Olympics while never winning a medal at the Summer Olympics. Liechtenstein is also the least populated nation to have won an Olympic gold medal. (Full list...)
October 12
Imo State has been governed by a succession of military governors, administrators, and elected governors since its formation on 3 February 1976, when it was carved out of the former East Central State. Imo State is located in the South East geopolitical zone of Nigeria. East Central State covered much of the Igbo-speaking area until its division in 1976. During that period, Ukpabi Asika served as administrator until 1975, followed by Anthony Ochefu until the state's dissolution. From its creation in 1976, Imo State was governed by military appointees. With the advent of the Second Republic in October 1979, Samuel Mbakwe of the Nigerian Peoples Party (NPP) served as the first civilian governor from October 1979 to December 1983. Since the return of democracy under the Fourth Republic in 1999, all of Imo's governors have been elected. The incumbent governor is Hope Uzodimma of the All Progressives Congress (APC), who has been in office since his election in March 2019. (Full list...)
October 14
Dimitar Berbatov (pictured) is a Bulgarian former footballer who played as a forward. With the Bulgarian national team, he scored 48 international goals in 78 appearances, finishing as the joint all-time top scorer for the team along with Hristo Bonev. Making his debut against Greece in November 1999, he scored his first goal for the team in February 2000 in a friendly against Chile. In 2007, he scored twice in the final of the Cyprus International Football Tournament to give him his only title with the team. In the penultimate year of his international career, he scored his sole hat-trick against Georgia in October 2009. Scoring his last two goals in a friendly against Malta in November of the same year, he retired from the team in February 2010, aged 29. (Full list...)
October 16
The Portland Trail Blazers are an National Basketball Association (NBA) franchise and have played 56 seasons since their inaugural season in 1970. The team played its home games in the Memorial Coliseum before moving to the Moda Center (pictured) in 1995. The Blazers have an all-time regular season record of 2,370 wins and 2,156 losses; in the playoffs, they have 120 wins and 159 losses. They have had 33 winning seasons, 20 losing seasons, and 3 seasons with a 41–41 record and have reached the postseason 38 times, including a streak of 21 straight appearances from 1983 through 2003. The Blazers had their first winning record during the 1976–77 season, in which they made the playoffs for the first time, going on to win the 1977 NBA Finals against the Philadelphia 76ers 4–2 with Bill Walton named the NBA MVP. The team also reached the Finals in 1990 and 1992, but lost both series. Damian Lillard played for the Blazers from 2012 to 2023 and is the franchise's all-time points leader with 19,376. (Full list...)
October 19
Over ninety songs have been recorded by the American rock band My Chemical Romance during their career, which includes EPs, demos, and covers. My Chemical Romance was formed in New Jersey in September 2001 and signed a recording contract with the record label Eyeball Records, releasing their debut album, I Brought You My Bullets, You Brought Me Your Love, in July 2002. The next year they had announced they signed a deal with Reprise Records, leaving Eyeball. Their second studio album, Three Cheers for Sweet Revenge, was released in June 2004, mainly taking influences from emo and pop-punk. Several more albums were released following Three Cheers, including The Black Parade (2006) and Danger Days: The True Lives of the Fabulous Killjoys (2010). My Chemical Romance broke up in 2013, and later reunited in 2019. Since their reunion, they have released one single titled "The Foundations of Decay", which was released in May 2022. (Full list...)
October 21
The German navies of the 1920s through 1945—the Reichsmarine and later Kriegsmarine—built or planned a series of heavy cruisers. Four different designs—the Deutschland, D, P, and Admiral Hipper classes, comprising twenty-two ships in total—were prepared in the period, though only the three Deutschland-class ships and three of the five Admiral Hipper-class cruisers were ever built. The ships were designed to accommodate warship restrictions by the Treaty of Versailles, which ended World War I, and were commonly referred to as "pocket battleships". They incorporated a series of radical innovations to save weight, including extensive use of welded construction and diesel engines. Most of the heavy cruisers were used as commerce raiders during World War II, and only one survived the war, and was ceded to the US Navy as a war prize and used in nuclear weapons testing in the Bikini Atoll. (Full list...)
October 23
The Grand Prix de France is an annual figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union (ISU), organized and hosted by the French Federation of Ice Sports. The first iteration of the Grand Prix de France was held in 1987 in Paris. When the ISU launched the Grand Prix Series in 1995, the Grand Prix de France was one of the five qualifying events. It has been a Grand Prix event every year since, except for 2020, when it was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Grand Prix de France has been held under several names: the Grand Prix International de Paris, the Trophée de France, the Trophée Lalique, the Trophée Éric Bompard, and the Internationaux de France. Medals are awarded in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance. Skaters earn points based on their results at the qualifying competitions each season, and the top skaters or teams in each discipline are invited to then compete at the Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final. The 2026 Grand Prix de France is scheduled to be held from 23 to 25 October in Angers. (Full list...)
October 26
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The Vancouver Canadiens have played seasons since 2000. The Canadians are a Minor League Baseball team based in Vancouver, British Columbia, that plays in the Northwest League (NWL). The team was founded after the original Vancouver Canadians relocated to Sacramento, California, days after winning the Triple-A World Series in 1999, and the Southern Oregon Timberjacks relocated to Vancouver, assuming the Canadians identity, for the 2000 Northwest League season. The Canadians' best regular-season record occurred three times: in 2005, 2012 and 2014 with a record of 46–30 (.605). Conversely, their worst record was 29–45 (.392), which they recorded in 2016. The Canadians have won five Northwest League championships (2011, 2012, 2013, 2017 and 2023). They have also claimed seven division titles, including four consecutive division championships from 2011 to 2014. (Full list...)
October 28
In 1960, Billboard published the Hot R&B Sides chart ranking the top-performing songs in the United States in rhythm and blues (R&B) and related African American-oriented music genres; the chart has undergone various name changes over the decades to reflect the evolution of such genres and since 2005 has been published as Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs. During 1960, 15 different singles topped the chart, based on playlists submitted by radio stations and surveys of retail sales outlets. Brook Benton spent the highest total number of weeks at number one in 1960. The singer spent nine consecutive weeks at number one with "Kiddio" between August and October and a total of 14 weeks in the top spot with two duets with Dinah Washington (pictured), "Baby (You've Got What It Takes)" and "A Rockin' Good Way (To Mess Around and Fall In Love)" for a cumulative total of 23 weeks atop the listing. Two of 1960's R&B number ones also topped Billboard's all-genre Hot 100 chart: "Cathy's Clown" by the Everly Brothers and "Save the Last Dance For Me" by the Drifters. (Full list...)
October 30
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The National Film Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role is an honour presented annually at India's National Film Awards ceremony by the National Film Development Corporation of India (NFDC), an organisation set up by the Indian Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. Since 1984, the award is given by a national panel appointed annually by the NFDC to an actress for the best performance in a supporting role within Indian cinema. Including ties and repeat winners, the NFDC has presented a total of 41 Best Supporting Actress awards to 35 different actresses. The first recipient was Rohini Hattangadi (pictured), who was honoured at the 32nd National Film Awards for her performance in the Hindi film Party (1984). Surekha Sikri has been honoured three times for her Hindi films – Tamas (1987), Mammo (1994) and Badhaai Ho (2018). Ties between two actresses have occurred in the years 1999, 2012, 2013 and 2023. (Full list...)
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