Template:Graphical timeline/testcases

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Silurian graphical timeline

Side by side comparison

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Paleozoic

Ordovician

Silurian

Devonian

←

←

Mulde event^[1]

←

Ireviken event^[2]

Subdivision of the Silurian according to the ICS, as of 2023.^[3]
Vertical axis scale: Millions of years ago

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Paleozoic

Ordovician

Silurian

Devonian

←

←

Mulde event^[1]

←

Ireviken event^[2]

Subdivision of the Silurian according to the ICS, as of 2023.^[3]
Vertical axis scale: Millions of years ago

Devonian graphical timeline

Side by side comparison

Events of the Devonian Period

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Paleozoic

Silurian

Devonian

Carboniferous

←

Hangenberg event,
Famennian glaciation

←

Kellwasser event (Late Devonian extinction)^[4]

←

Widespread^[5]
shrubs & trees

←

Hunsrück fauna

←

Rhynie chert^[6]

Subdivision of the Devonian according to the ICS, as of 2023.^[3]
Vertical axis scale: Millions of years ago

Events of the Devonian Period

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Paleozoic

Silurian

Devonian

Carboniferous

←

Hangenberg event,
Famennian glaciation

←

Kellwasser event (Late Devonian extinction)^[4]

←

Widespread^[5]
shrubs & trees

←

Hunsrück fauna

←

Rhynie chert^[6]

Subdivision of the Devonian according to the ICS, as of 2023.^[3]
Vertical axis scale: Millions of years ago

Ediacaran biota

Side by side comparison

The Ediacaran biota in context

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Cryogenian

Ediacaran

Cambrian

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Last Ediacaran communities

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Last putative Ediacaran

←

Embryos?

←

Last extensive glaciation

←

First Ediacaran megafossil

←

Gaskiers
glaciation

←

Avalon explosion

Aspidella
discs

Charnia

Neoproterozoic
(last era of the Precambrian)

Palaeozoic
(first era of the Phanerozoic)

Axis scale: million years
References: Waggoner 1998,^[7] Hofmann 1990^[8]

The Ediacaran biota in context

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Cryogenian

Ediacaran

Cambrian

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Last Ediacaran communities

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Last putative Ediacaran

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Embryos?

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Last extensive glaciation

←

First Ediacaran megafossil

←

Gaskiers
glaciation

←

Avalon explosion

Aspidella
discs

Charnia

Neoproterozoic
(last era of the Precambrian)

Palaeozoic
(first era of the Phanerozoic)

Axis scale: million years
References: Waggoner 1998,^[7] Hofmann 1990^[9]

Triassic graphical timeline

Side by side comparison

Triassic graphical timeline

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Pz

Mesozoic

Permian

Triassic

Jurassic

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Permian-Triassic extinction event

←

Smithian–Spathian boundary event^[10]

←

Carnian pluvial episode

←

Full recovery of woody trees^[11]

←

Coals return^[12]

←

Scleractinian
corals & calcified sponges^[13]

←

Triassic–Jurassic extinction event

←

Manicouagan impact

Subdivision of the Triassic according to the ICS, as of 2024.^[3]
Vertical axis scale: Millions of years ago

Triassic graphical timeline

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Pz

Mesozoic

Permian

Triassic

Jurassic

←

Permian-Triassic extinction event

←

Smithian–Spathian boundary event^[14]

←

Carnian pluvial episode

←

Full recovery of woody trees^[11]

←

Coals return^[12]

←

Scleractinian
corals & calcified sponges^[13]

←

Triassic–Jurassic extinction event

←

Manicouagan impact

Subdivision of the Triassic according to the ICS, as of 2024.^[3]
Vertical axis scale: Millions of years ago

Paleogene graphical timeline

Side by side comparison

Key events in the Paleogene

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MZ

Cenozoic

Cretaceous

Paleogene

Neogene

←

←

First Antarctic permanent ice-sheets^[15]

←

K-Pg mass
extinction

Subdivision of the Paleogene according to the ICS, as of 2023.^[3]
Vertical axis scale: Millions of years ago

Key events in the Paleogene

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MZ

Cenozoic

Cretaceous

Paleogene

Neogene

←

←

First Antarctic permanent ice-sheets^[15]

←

K-Pg mass
extinction

Subdivision of the Paleogene according to the ICS, as of 2023.^[3]
Vertical axis scale: Millions of years ago

Paleogene graphical timeline (height/width in px)

Side by side comparison

Key events in the Paleogene

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MZ

Cenozoic

Cretaceous

Paleogene

Neogene

←

←

First Antarctic permanent ice-sheets^[15]

←

K-Pg mass
extinction

Subdivision of the Paleogene according to the ICS, as of 2023.^[3]
Vertical axis scale: Millions of years ago

Key events in the Paleogene

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MZ

Cenozoic

Cretaceous

Paleogene

Neogene

←

←

First Antarctic permanent ice-sheets^[15]

←

K-Pg mass
extinction

Subdivision of the Paleogene according to the ICS, as of 2023.^[3]
Vertical axis scale: Millions of years ago

Burgsvik beds graphical timeline

Side by side comparison

Subdivisions of the Burgsvik beds
after Manten (1971)

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Upper

Middle

Lower

Interbedded oolitic/oncolitic
lime-, sand- and mud-stones

Sandstone with minor muddy sand/mudstone

Mudstone and muddy sandstone. Rarely exposed.

Grain size -→
Vertical scale in Metres

Subdivisions of the Burgsvik beds
after Manten (1971)

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Upper

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Interbedded oolitic/oncolitic
lime-, sand- and mud-stones

Sandstone with minor muddy sand/mudstone

Mudstone and muddy sandstone. Rarely exposed.

Grain size -→
Vertical scale in Metres

Early Echinoderms graphical timeline

Side by side comparison

Early Echinoderms (?)

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Ediacaran

Cambrian

L

M

U

Arkarua
(approx.)

Helicoplacus
(approx.)

Tribrachidium

Carpoids

Cambrian explosion

Neoproterozoic
(last era of the Precambrian)

Palæozoic
(first era of the Phanerozoic)

Axis scale: millions of years ago.

Early Echinoderms (?)

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Ediacaran

Cambrian

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Arkarua
(approx.)

Helicoplacus
(approx.)

Tribrachidium

Carpoids

Cambrian explosion

Neoproterozoic
(last era of the Precambrian)

Palæozoic
(first era of the Phanerozoic)

Axis scale: millions of years ago.

No right annotations

Side by side comparison

Early Echinoderms (?)

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Ediacaran

Cambrian

L

M

U

Arkarua
(approx.)

Helicoplacus
(approx.)

Carpoids

Neoproterozoic

Palæozoic

Axis scale: millions of years ago.

Early Echinoderms (?)

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Ediacaran

Cambrian

L

M

U

Arkarua
(approx.)

Helicoplacus
(approx.)

Carpoids

Neoproterozoic

Palæozoic

Axis scale: millions of years ago.

Canidae graphical timeline

Side by side comparison

Evolution of the canids

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Palæogene

Cretaceous

Neogene

Quaternary

←

←

First Hesperocyoninae

←

First Borophaginae

←

First Caninae

←

Modern-looking dogs

←

Canine
radiation

Cenozoic

Mesozoic

An approximate timescale of key events in canid evolution.
For precise dates, see text.
Axis scale: millions of years ago.

↓

Evolution of the canids

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Palæogene

Cretaceous

Neogene

Quaternary

←

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First Hesperocyoninae

←

First Borophaginae

←

First Caninae

←

Modern-looking dogs

←

Canine
radiation

Cenozoic

Mesozoic

An approximate timescale of key events in canid evolution.
For precise dates, see text.
Axis scale: millions of years ago.

↓

Small shelly fauna graphical timeline

Side by side comparison

"Small shellies" in context

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Ediacaran

Cambrian

←

Small shelly fauna^[16]^[17]^[18]

←

Ediacaran biota^[19]

←

Maotianshan shales^[20]

←

Tommotian age^[21]

←

Cambrian explosion,
if sudden^[22]

←

Ediacaran shelly fauna

Neoproterozoic
(last era of the Precambrian)

Palæozoic
(first era of the Phanerozoic)

Axis scale: millions of years ago.

"Small shellies" in context

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Ediacaran

Cambrian

←

Small shelly fauna^[16]^[17]^[18]

←

Ediacaran biota^[23]

←

Maotianshan shales^[24]

←

Tommotian age^[25]

←

Cambrian explosion,
if sudden^[22]

←

Ediacaran shelly fauna

Neoproterozoic
(last era of the Precambrian)

Palæozoic
(first era of the Phanerozoic)

Axis scale: millions of years ago.

Proterozoic snowball periods

Side by side comparison

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Tonian

Ediacaran

Cambrian

Sturtian^[26]

Marinoan^[26]

Gaskiers

Baykonurian

Cryogenian

Neoproterozoic era

Snowball Earth

Estimate of Proterozoic glacial periods.^[26]^[27]^[a]
Vertical axis: millions of years ago

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Tonian

Ediacaran

Cambrian

Sturtian^[26]

Marinoan^[26]

Gaskiers

Baykonurian

Cryogenian

Neoproterozoic era

Snowball Earth

Estimate of Proterozoic glacial periods.^[26]^[27]^[b]
Vertical axis: millions of years ago

Test weird units

Side by side comparison

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Test

Test missing height/width

Side by side comparison

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Test

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Test

Right-side up

Side by side comparison

Example Timeline

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Example Timeline

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Upside-down

Side by side comparison

Example Timeline

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Example Timeline

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Help

0 —

Usage instructions

Copy the text below, adding multiple bars, legends and notes as required.
Comments, enclosed in , should be removed.

Remember:

You must use {{!}} wherever you want a | to be

rendered in the timeline

Large borders will displace bars in many browsers
Text should not be wider than its containing bar,

as this may cause compatibility issues

Units default to em, the height and width of an 'M'.

See {{tl|Graphical timeline}} for full documentation.

{{Graphical timeline/blank}}}}

0 —

Usage instructions

Copy the text below, adding multiple bars, legends and notes as required.
Comments, enclosed in , should be removed.

Remember:

You must use {{!}} wherever you want a | to be

rendered in the timeline

Large borders will displace bars in many browsers
Text should not be wider than its containing bar,

as this may cause compatibility issues

Units default to em, the height and width of an 'M'.

See {{tl|Graphical timeline}} for full documentation.

{{Graphical timeline/blank}}}}

Notes

↑ Dating of pre-Gaskiers glaciations is uncertain. As for the Kaigas, its very existence is doubted by some. The Huronian glaciation is not shown; there is a lack of any significant evidence for a Snowball Earth during the time period.
↑ Dating of pre-Gaskiers glaciations is uncertain. As for the Kaigas, its very existence is doubted by some. The Huronian glaciation is not shown; there is a lack of any significant evidence for a Snowball Earth during the time period.

References

1 2 Jeppsson, L.; Calner, M. (2007). "The Silurian Mulde Event and a scenario for secundo—secundo events". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 93 (02): 135–154. doi:10.1017/S0263593300000377.
1 2 Munnecke, A.; Samtleben, C.; Bickert, T. (2003). "The Ireviken Event in the lower Silurian of Gotland, Sweden-relation to similar Palaeozoic and Proterozoic events". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 195 (1): 99–124. doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00304-3.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "International Chronostratigraphic Chart" (PDF). International Commission on Stratigraphy. September 2023. Retrieved December 16, 2024.
1 2 Kaufmann, B.; Trapp, E.; Mezger, K. (2004). "The numerical age of the Upper Frasnian (Upper Devonian) Kellwasser horizons: A new U-Pb zircon date from Steinbruch Schmidt(Kellerwald, Germany)". The Journal of Geology. 112 (4): 495–501. Bibcode:2004JG....112..495K. doi:10.1086/421077.
1 2 Algeo, T. J. (1998). "Terrestrial-marine teleconnections in the Devonian: links between the evolution of land plants, weathering processes, and marine anoxic events". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 353 (1365): 113–130. doi:10.1098/rstb.1998.0195.
1 2 Parry, S. F.; Noble, S. R.; Crowley, Q. G.; Wellman, C. H. (2011). "A high-precision U–Pb age constraint on the Rhynie Chert Konservat-Lagerstätte: time scale and other implications". Journal of the Geological Society. 168 (4). London: Geological Society: 863–872. doi:10.1144/0016-76492010-043.
1 2 Waggoner, Ben (1998). "Interpreting the Earliest Metazoan Fossils: What Can We Learn?". Integrative and Comparative Biology. 38 (6): 975–982. doi:10.1093/icb/38.6.975. ISSN 1540-7063. Retrieved 7 March 2007.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
↑ Hofmann, H.J.; Narbonne, G.M.; Aitken, J.D. (1990). "Ediacaran remains from intertillite beds in northwestern Canada". Geology. 18 (12): 1199–1202. Bibcode:1990Geo....18.1199H. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1990)018<1199:ERFIBI>2.3.CO;2.
↑ Hofmann, H.J.; Narbonne, G.M.; Aitken, J.D. (1990). "Ediacaran remains from intertillite beds in northwestern Canada". Geology. 18 (12): 1199–1202. Bibcode:1990Geo....18.1199H. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1990)018<1199:ERFIBI>2.3.CO;2.
↑ Widmann, Philipp; Bucher, Hugo; Leu, Marc; et al. (2020). "Dynamics of the Largest Carbon Isotope Excursion During the Early Triassic Biotic Recovery". Frontiers in Earth Science. 8 (196): 196. Bibcode:2020FrEaS...8..196W. doi:10.3389/feart.2020.00196.
1 2 McElwain, J. C.; Punyasena, S. W. (2007). "Mass extinction events and the plant fossil record". Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 22 (10): 548–557. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2007.09.003. PMID 17919771.
1 2 Retallack, G. J.; Veevers, J.; Morante, R. (1996). "Global coal gap between Permian–Triassic extinctions and middle Triassic recovery of peat forming plants". GSA Bulletin. 108 (2): 195–207. Bibcode:1996GSAB..108..195R. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1996)108<0195:GCGBPT>2.3.CO;2. Retrieved 2007-09-29.
1 2 Payne, J. L.; Lehrmann, D. J.; Wei, J.; Orchard, M. J.; Schrag, D. P.; Knoll, A. H. (2004). "Large Perturbations of the Carbon Cycle During Recovery from the End-Permian Extinction". Science. 305 (5683): 506–9. Bibcode:2004Sci...305..506P. doi:10.1126/science.1097023. PMID 15273391. S2CID 35498132.
↑ Widmann, Philipp; Bucher, Hugo; Leu, Marc; et al. (2020). "Dynamics of the Largest Carbon Isotope Excursion During the Early Triassic Biotic Recovery". Frontiers in Earth Science. 8 (196): 196. Bibcode:2020FrEaS...8..196W. doi:10.3389/feart.2020.00196.
1 2 3 4 Zachos, J. C.; Kump, L. R. (2005). "Carbon cycle feedbacks and the initiation of Antarctic glaciation in the earliest Oligocene". Global and Planetary Change. 47 (1): 51–66. Bibcode:2005GPC....47...51Z. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2005.01.001.
1 2 Bengtson, S. (2004). Lipps, J.H.; Waggoner, B.M. (eds.). "Early skeletal fossils" (PDF). Neoproterozoic- Cambrian Biological Revolutions. Paleontological Society Papers. 10: 67–78. Retrieved 2008-07-18.
1 2 Porter, S.M. (April 2004). "Closing the Phosphatization Window: Testing for the Influence of Taphonomic Megabias on the Pattern of Small Shelly Fossil Decline" (PDF). PALAIOS. 19 (2): 178–183. doi:10.1669/0883-1351(2004)019<0178:CTPWTF>2.0.CO;2. Retrieved 2009-04-22.
1 2 Dzik, J. (1994). "Evolution of 'small shelly fossils' assemblages of the early Paleozoic". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 39 (3): 27–313. Retrieved 2008-08-01.
↑ Brasier, M. & Antcliffe, J. (20 August 2004). "Decoding the Ediacaran Enigma". Science. 305 (5687): 1115–1117. doi:10.1126/science.1102673. PMID 15326344. Retrieved 2008-07-18.
↑ Hou, X-G; Aldridge, R.J.; Bengstrom, J.; Siveter, D.J. & Feng, X-H (2004). The Cambrian Fossils of Chengjiang, China. Blackwell Science. p. 233.
↑ "The Tommotian Age". Retrieved 2008-07-30.
1 2 Cowen, R. (2000). History of Life (3rd ed.). Blackwell Science. p. 63. ISBN 0-632-04444-6.
↑ Brasier, M. & Antcliffe, J. (20 August 2004). "Decoding the Ediacaran Enigma". Science. 305 (5687): 1115–1117. doi:10.1126/science.1102673. PMID 15326344. Retrieved 2008-07-18.
↑ Hou, X-G; Aldridge, R.J.; Bengstrom, J.; Siveter, D.J. & Feng, X-H (2004). The Cambrian Fossils of Chengjiang, China. Blackwell Science. p. 233.
↑ "The Tommotian Age". Retrieved 2008-07-30.
1 2 3 4 5 6 Pu, J.P. (2016). "Dodging snowballs: Geochronology of the Gaskiers glaciation and the first appearance of the Ediacaran biota". Geology. 44 (11): 955–958. Bibcode:2016Geo....44..955P. doi:10.1130/G38284.1. S2CID 31142776.
1 2 Smith, A. G. (2009). "Neoproterozoic timescales and stratigraphy". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 326 (1): 27–54. Bibcode:2009GSLSP.326...27S. doi:10.1144/SP326.2. S2CID 129706604.

[28] Dating of pre-Gaskiers glaciations is uncertain. As for the Kaigas, its very existence is doubted by some. The Huronian glaciation is not shown; there is a lack of any significant evidence for a Snowball Earth during the time period.

[29] Dating of pre-Gaskiers glaciations is uncertain. As for the Kaigas, its very existence is doubted by some. The Huronian glaciation is not shown; there is a lack of any significant evidence for a Snowball Earth during the time period.

[Jeppsson2007-1] 1 2 Jeppsson, L.; Calner, M. (2007). "The Silurian Mulde Event and a scenario for secundo—secundo events". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 93 (02): 135–154. doi:10.1017/S0263593300000377.

[Munnecke2003-2] 1 2 Munnecke, A.; Samtleben, C.; Bickert, T. (2003). "The Ireviken Event in the lower Silurian of Gotland, Sweden-relation to similar Palaeozoic and Proterozoic events". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 195 (1): 99–124. doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00304-3.

[ICS-3] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "International Chronostratigraphic Chart" (PDF). International Commission on Stratigraphy. September 2023. Retrieved December 16, 2024.

[Kaufmann2004-4] 1 2 Kaufmann, B.; Trapp, E.; Mezger, K. (2004). "The numerical age of the Upper Frasnian (Upper Devonian) Kellwasser horizons: A new U-Pb zircon date from Steinbruch Schmidt(Kellerwald, Germany)". The Journal of Geology. 112 (4): 495–501. Bibcode:2004JG....112..495K. doi:10.1086/421077.

[Algeo1998-box-5] 1 2 Algeo, T. J. (1998). "Terrestrial-marine teleconnections in the Devonian: links between the evolution of land plants, weathering processes, and marine anoxic events". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 353 (1365): 113–130. doi:10.1098/rstb.1998.0195.

[Parry-6] 1 2 Parry, S. F.; Noble, S. R.; Crowley, Q. G.; Wellman, C. H. (2011). "A high-precision U–Pb age constraint on the Rhynie Chert Konservat-Lagerstätte: time scale and other implications". Journal of the Geological Society. 168 (4). London: Geological Society: 863–872. doi:10.1144/0016-76492010-043.

[Waggoner1998t-7] 1 2 Waggoner, Ben (1998). "Interpreting the Earliest Metazoan Fossils: What Can We Learn?". Integrative and Comparative Biology. 38 (6): 975–982. doi:10.1093/icb/38.6.975. ISSN 1540-7063. Retrieved 7 March 2007.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)

[8] Hofmann, H.J.; Narbonne, G.M.; Aitken, J.D. (1990). "Ediacaran remains from intertillite beds in northwestern Canada". Geology. 18 (12): 1199–1202. Bibcode:1990Geo....18.1199H. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1990)018<1199:ERFIBI>2.3.CO;2.

[9] Hofmann, H.J.; Narbonne, G.M.; Aitken, J.D. (1990). "Ediacaran remains from intertillite beds in northwestern Canada". Geology. 18 (12): 1199–1202. Bibcode:1990Geo....18.1199H. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1990)018<1199:ERFIBI>2.3.CO;2.

[10] Widmann, Philipp; Bucher, Hugo; Leu, Marc; et al. (2020). "Dynamics of the Largest Carbon Isotope Excursion During the Early Triassic Biotic Recovery". Frontiers in Earth Science. 8 (196): 196. Bibcode:2020FrEaS...8..196W. doi:10.3389/feart.2020.00196.

[McElwain2007-11] 1 2 McElwain, J. C.; Punyasena, S. W. (2007). "Mass extinction events and the plant fossil record". Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 22 (10): 548–557. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2007.09.003. PMID 17919771.

[Retallack1996-12] 1 2 Retallack, G. J.; Veevers, J.; Morante, R. (1996). "Global coal gap between Permian–Triassic extinctions and middle Triassic recovery of peat forming plants". GSA Bulletin. 108 (2): 195–207. Bibcode:1996GSAB..108..195R. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1996)108<0195:GCGBPT>2.3.CO;2. Retrieved 2007-09-29.

[Payne2004-13] 1 2 Payne, J. L.; Lehrmann, D. J.; Wei, J.; Orchard, M. J.; Schrag, D. P.; Knoll, A. H. (2004). "Large Perturbations of the Carbon Cycle During Recovery from the End-Permian Extinction". Science. 305 (5683): 506–9. Bibcode:2004Sci...305..506P. doi:10.1126/science.1097023. PMID 15273391. S2CID 35498132.

[14] Widmann, Philipp; Bucher, Hugo; Leu, Marc; et al. (2020). "Dynamics of the Largest Carbon Isotope Excursion During the Early Triassic Biotic Recovery". Frontiers in Earth Science. 8 (196): 196. Bibcode:2020FrEaS...8..196W. doi:10.3389/feart.2020.00196.

[Zachos2k5-15] 1 2 3 4 Zachos, J. C.; Kump, L. R. (2005). "Carbon cycle feedbacks and the initiation of Antarctic glaciation in the earliest Oligocene". Global and Planetary Change. 47 (1): 51–66. Bibcode:2005GPC....47...51Z. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2005.01.001.

[Bengtson2004-16] 1 2 Bengtson, S. (2004). Lipps, J.H.; Waggoner, B.M. (eds.). "Early skeletal fossils" (PDF). Neoproterozoic- Cambrian Biological Revolutions. Paleontological Society Papers. 10: 67–78. Retrieved 2008-07-18.

[Porter2004ClosingPhosphatizationWindow-17] 1 2 Porter, S.M. (April 2004). "Closing the Phosphatization Window: Testing for the Influence of Taphonomic Megabias on the Pattern of Small Shelly Fossil Decline" (PDF). PALAIOS. 19 (2): 178–183. doi:10.1669/0883-1351(2004)019<0178:CTPWTF>2.0.CO;2. Retrieved 2009-04-22.

[Dzik1994-18] 1 2 Dzik, J. (1994). "Evolution of 'small shelly fossils' assemblages of the early Paleozoic". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 39 (3): 27–313. Retrieved 2008-08-01.

[19] Brasier, M. & Antcliffe, J. (20 August 2004). "Decoding the Ediacaran Enigma". Science. 305 (5687): 1115–1117. doi:10.1126/science.1102673. PMID 15326344. Retrieved 2008-07-18.

[20] Hou, X-G; Aldridge, R.J.; Bengstrom, J.; Siveter, D.J. & Feng, X-H (2004). The Cambrian Fossils of Chengjiang, China. Blackwell Science. p. 233.

[21] "The Tommotian Age". Retrieved 2008-07-30.

[CowenHistLife-22] 1 2 Cowen, R. (2000). History of Life (3rd ed.). Blackwell Science. p. 63. ISBN 0-632-04444-6.

[23] Brasier, M. & Antcliffe, J. (20 August 2004). "Decoding the Ediacaran Enigma". Science. 305 (5687): 1115–1117. doi:10.1126/science.1102673. PMID 15326344. Retrieved 2008-07-18.

[24] Hou, X-G; Aldridge, R.J.; Bengstrom, J.; Siveter, D.J. & Feng, X-H (2004). The Cambrian Fossils of Chengjiang, China. Blackwell Science. p. 233.

[25] "The Tommotian Age". Retrieved 2008-07-30.

[Pu-26] 1 2 3 4 5 6 Pu, J.P. (2016). "Dodging snowballs: Geochronology of the Gaskiers glaciation and the first appearance of the Ediacaran biota". Geology. 44 (11): 955–958. Bibcode:2016Geo....44..955P. doi:10.1130/G38284.1. S2CID 31142776.

[Smith2009-27] 1 2 Smith, A. G. (2009). "Neoproterozoic timescales and stratigraphy". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 326 (1): 27–54. Bibcode:2009GSLSP.326...27S. doi:10.1144/SP326.2. S2CID 129706604.

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References