Cloudflare fetched the original article and streamed it through HTMLRewriter to apply an entirely new visual system without rebuilding the source page.
// request.cf · coarse context
A page that knows where it met you.
Only coarse request metadata is shown. This demo does not display or persist visitor IP addresses.
This article is within the scope of WikiProject Astronomy, which collaborates on articles related to Astronomy on Wikipedia.AstronomyWikipedia:WikiProject AstronomyTemplate:WikiProject AstronomyAstronomy
This article is within the scope of WikiProject Psychology, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of Psychology on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion and see a list of open tasks.PsychologyWikipedia:WikiProject PsychologyTemplate:WikiProject Psychologypsychology
This article is within the scope of WikiProject Measurement, a project which is currently considered to be defunct.MeasurementWikipedia:WikiProject MeasurementTemplate:WikiProject MeasurementMeasurement
Latest comment: 5 years ago2 comments2 people in discussion
It would be worth clarifying the degree & direction of metaphor involved in the use of "equation" in describing the phenomenon, including whether the term is evoking the math sense (syn'm of "formula") or the act of "equating" that is implicit in recording one's observation as one or several numbers. --Jerzy•t04:46, 6 December 2016 (UTC)Reply
The term "equation" dates from Bessel's time, and it meant an equation in the math sense, representing the difference between two observers. Bessel had a precision instrument to measure the culmination time of stars, i.e. the time when a star crosses the local meridian. In 1821 he invited three other experienced observers (A=Argelander, S=Struve, W=Walbeck) when they were in Königsberg to measure the culmination time of a few specific stars using his instrument, and he compared their results to his own observation (B=Bessel). He wrote the average difference between two observers in the form of an equation:
B-A = -1.223 s
S-W = -0.242 s, whence B-S = -0.799 s
S-A = -0.202 s, whence B-S = -1.021 s
The two different results for B-S were not exactly equal, so at that early stage of his investigation Bessel may have refrained from reducing the raw data of pairwise comparisons (the equations) to estimated personal systematic errors. Astronomers have continued to use "personal equation" somewhat loosely to indicate systematic errors in observation that originate in the observer, in contrast to those that arise from instrumental and atmospheric conditions. Ceinturion (talk) 10:53, 18 April 2021 (UTC)Reply
.jpg){kind=small}
