Talk:Artificial organ

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This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): RCastellanos.

Above undated message substituted from Template:Dashboard.wikiedu.org assignment by PrimeBOT (talk) 14:48, 16 January 2022 (UTC)

Out-of-date

I believe this article needs to be updated in terms of contemporary progress. For example, the eye prosthetic description is sourcing an article from 2002. Expandingcircle (talk) 16:52, 3 April 2016 (UTC)

Dosen't it make sense to turn part of this article into a list like: List of organ transplant donors and recipients just for successful implants of artificial organs? 147.78.31.27 (talk) 06:43, 26 September 2025 (UTC)

Some advancements which should be mentioned include: additional artificial organs created (an artificial vagina now exists; a subsection should probably be added), technologies to make them (3D printing), materials used (one organ grown by scientists used spinach leaves), etc. ggwatson (talk) 11:54, 9 February 2018

Categorization

Would it be useful to categorize this article into two distinct groups of biologics and synthetics? For example, a lab grown organ versus an engineered biomechatronic limb. 88synapse88 (talk) 16:25, 8 August 2016 (UTC)

File:DraftOfTypesOfArtOrgans.png

Overview of the different types of artificial organs we have so far e. g (Tissue based; Isograft: between genetically identical individuals, Xenografts: between members of different spiecies, allograft: between different members of the same speicies)

we could make a figure with an overview of, as the draft here.:

(Non-tissue based:Implants: made not of cells, but typically of alloys and electronics ,Organ funtion replacements: External machines replacing some or more of the functions that internal organs usually performs)

(Tissue based; Isograft: between genetically identical individuals, Xenografts: between members of different spiecies, allograft: between different members of the same speicies)

(Partially tissue based; for bones eg: Add ceramic mixes with nutrients for certain tissue encouraging tissues to grow in and on them)

If there is a mood for it I am happy to draw a prettier version of it

then we could also make reference list to all of the wiki's about the solutions that exists within each of these areas

like:

List of non-tissue based artificial organs:

Replacing one or more functions of our organs we find machines such as

implants

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_heart
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated_insulin_delivery_system
3. maybe even Bionic Limbs?
4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventricular_assist_device

External machines replacing organ function:

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_dialysis
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventilator
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiopulmonary_bypass
4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extracorporeal_membrane_oxygenation
5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_perfusion
6. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver_support_system
7. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochlear_implant
8. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_urinary_bladder

List of non-tissue based artificial organs:

Isograft and allografts(homograft ) often end up 'just' beeing refered to as transplants despite these also often beeing so re-engineered that they are as artificial as the organs we transplant from different species. Not many clinical trials have been done in this area yet, most of the ones done have not shown any promesing results yet.

xenograft

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valve_replacement
2. https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/bioengineered-blood-vessel-grafts-grow-animals
3. https://www.medschool.umaryland.edu/news/2022/university-of-maryland-school-of-medicine-faculty-scientists-and-clinicians-perform-historic-first-successful-transplant-of-porcine-heart-into-adult-human-with-end-stage-heart-disease.html
4. Kidney from pig: Xenotransplantation - Definition, uses, and effectiveness | National Kidney Foundation

Maybe it is better to use the term non native organs? as when we talk about organs which comes from other patients but which have been remodelled immunologically and often also tissuewise, they the principle very close to xenografts which a lot of people seems to agree counts as artificial organs? it also seems strange to refer to things taken out of the body, which is then reconfigured and put back into the body as an artificial organ but that is often the case? if we say non native organs, it is clear that we are simply refering to an organ not originally in the body, but which is a functional part of the body never the less. It can also sometimes be very tricky to define where the border between implant and partially tissue based artificial organ lies, as most implants often ends up somehow interacting with tissue.

Partially tissue based:

Not many clinical trials have been done in this area yet, most of the ones done have not shown any promesing results yet. One company working intensly on it is: https://ossiform.com/. This also rases the question of weather we want to formulate our understanding and defintions based on what is already possible and availble or what we think will be available in the future? Claes Lindhardt (talk) 06:04, 4 May 2024 (UTC)

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Trachea Information

I added two case studies were two different methods were used to integrate bioengineered/engineered tracheas in patients.RCastellanos (talk) 05:52, 5 September 2017 (UTC)

I also fixed grammar in the first two paragraphs, edited some wording and moved citation [1] to the correct sentence.RCastellanos (talk) 05:54, 5 September 2017 (UTC)

You picked a bit of a land mine of an area to jump into, given the Macchiarini stuff that has gone on over the past ten years.

But in general please use recent literature reviews in high quality journals; please avoid journals published by predatory publishers, and please be careful not to use sources that are written by people reviewing their own work; we want independent sources as much as possible. Thanks! Jytdog (talk) 23:13, 5 September 2017 (UTC)

Microchips

I added 7 sentences on microchips from scholarly journals from 2016-2017 and removed the two previous sentences. The new material posted covers what the previous author posted. I hope this is helpful, thanks! RCastellanos (talk) 01:01, 11 September 2017 (UTC)

Please use reviews. here is a pubmed search for reviews on organs on a chip. Jytdog (talk) 04:05, 11 September 2017 (UTC)

Kidney

The World’s First Bionic Kidney Is All Set To Replace Dialysis in Just Two Years — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jetpen (talk • contribs) 00:09, 20 September 2018 (UTC)

Updates

Hello all, I've recently added the 'Testes" section and two sentences and references to said section. In addition, I've added a few other sentences to the brain and thymus section to provide updated information to each of them. Thank you! Tfriersonjr (talk) 02:41, 15 September 2019 (UTC)

Red Blood Cell

The first paragraph contains really good information but is not cited. Rango122 (talk) 00:40, 1 February 2023 (UTC)

Buildings blocks needed and what could all potentially be build and/or replaced in the human body

I tried making a rough draft of all the different levels of buildings bloks that there is to Organs in a human, and which part they go together to to build in what organ. Would it make sense to have a such overview here(assuming we got some more accurate numbers)?

LevelToHumanOrgans

Claes Lindhardt (talk) 07:06, 24 August 2023 (UTC)

To kind of map out the complexity there is to making an artifical organ and make it more intuative and navigable what belongs where on what level of an aritifical organ Claes Lindhardt (talk) 07:07, 24 August 2023 (UTC)

Overview of all the organs that there is to potentially replace

Hey, I tried to make an overview over all the organs that we would have to potentially replace. Did I miss any?

An attempt at animating all the currently(as per 2024) known organs of the human body.

Claes Lindhardt (talk) 17:59, 19 September 2024 (UTC)

Available Organ replacement list?

would it make sense to structure the list in the bottom somewhat like this:

Year	Organ / Prosthetic / Drug	What it is / first clinical (or functional) use	Wikipedia Link
~950–710 BCE	Prosthetic toe (“Cairo Toe”)	Artificial big toe, jointed, showing wear; apparently used in life.	Prosthetic limb
c. 700 BCE	Etruscan dental bridges	Gold bands used to hold replacement teeth (human/animal) in place.	Dental bridge
c. 600 AD	Mayan dental implants	Jade/turquoise stones embedded in jawbone as tooth replacements.	–
Before ~600 BCE	Cartonnage big toe prosthesis (“Greville Chester Great Toe”)	Functional or semi-functional artificial big toe.	–
c. 300 BCE	Capua Leg (Italy)	Bronze and wooden artificial leg; lost in WWII but replicas exist.	Prosthetic limb
13th Century (~1280–1300)	Eyeglasses (Italy)	First wearable convex lenses for reading; described by Giordano da Pisa in 1306.	Eyeglasses
~1504	Götz von Berlichingen’s Iron Hand	Prosthetic iron hand allowing grip of sword, reins, etc.	Götz von Berlichingen
1510–1590	Ambroise Paré prosthetics	Improved artificial limbs, hands using mechanisms like springs and catches.	Ambroise Paré
1566	Tycho Brahe’s prosthetic nose	Metal prosthesis (likely brass) after losing part of his nose.	Tycho Brahe
17th Century (c. 1600s)	Ear trumpets	Funnel-shaped devices to amplify sound; used widely in Europe.	Ear trumpet
1818	First successful human-to-human blood transfusion	Dr. James Blundell treated postpartum hemorrhage using human donor blood.	James Blundell
1914	Marcel Desoutter’s Duralumin Prosthetic Leg	Lightweight prosthetic leg improving function and mobility.	Prosthetic limb
1930s	Early ventilators / respiratory support (iron lung, etc.)	Devices assisting or replacing breathing during respiratory paralysis/failure.	Iron lung
1943–45	First artificial kidney (dialysis)	Willem Kolff built first working dialyzer; first successful human case in 1945.	Willem Kolff
1950–52	First artificial heart valve / circulatory assist devices	Charles A. Hufnagel implanted an aortic assist valve in 1952.	Cardiac prosthesis
1954	First successful human kidney transplant (identical twins)	Joseph Murray et al.; transplant between twins avoided rejection issues.	Joseph Murray
1958	First implantable cardiac pacemaker	Arne Larsson first patient in Sweden with implanted pacemaker.	Pacemaker (medical)
1963	First lung transplant in human	James D. Hardy transplanted a lung (patient John Russell), lived 18 days.	Lung transplant
1967	First human-to-human heart transplant	Dr. Christiaan Barnard transplanted heart to Louis Washkansky.	Christiaan Barnard
1969	First total artificial heart implant in human	Liotta‑Cooley artificial heart implanted in Haskell Karp; lived ~64 hours.	Total artificial heart
1970s–1980s	Artificial / Cultured Skin by Howard Green	Cultured epidermal sheets for grafting severely burned children.	Howard Green (scientist)
1980s onward	MACI / Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation	Techniques to repair cartilage using patient’s own cultured cells.	Autologous chondrocyte implantation
1982	First permanent artificial heart implant	Jarvik‑7 implanted in Barney Clark; lived 112 days.	Jarvik-7
7 August 2015	Kidney + pancreas transplant (Denmark)	First combined kidney and pancreas transplant in Denmark in 21 years.	–

~2026-13805-41 (talk) 17:29, 3 March 2026 (UTC)