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// Workers AI · dad joke modeWhat did the Makrani dialect say to its friend? "Let's sea what we can do.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Southern Baluchi language)
Makrani
مکرانی
Makrani written in the Nastaliq font
Native toPakistan, Iran[1]
RegionMakran
Dialects
Perso-Arabic script (Balochi alphabet)
Language codes
ISO 639-2bcc
ISO 639-3bcc – inclusive code
Individual code:
bcc – Southern Balochi
Glottologsout2642  Southern Balochi
makr1243  Makrani
Linguasphere(South Balochi) 58-AAB-ac (South Balochi)
This article contains Balochi text, written from right to left with some letters joined. Without proper rendering support, you may see unjoined Balochi letters or other symbols instead of Balochi script.
A speaker of Southern (Makrani) Balochi, for the Wikimedia Foundation's Wikitongues

Makrani (Balochi: مکرانی), also referred to as Southern Balochi (زرباری بلۏچی, romanized: Zerbári Balòči),[2] is a variety of the Balochi language[3] spoken in the historical region of Makran (مکران) within Balochistan.[4][5]

Background

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In general, after numerous studies, the Balochi language has three main dialects. The main dialect split is between Western, Southern, and Eastern Balochi.[6][7][8][2][9][10]

Makrani is the main branch of Southern Balochi.

Subdialects

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Southern Balochi subdialects include Lashari, Sarbazi, Kechi, Karachi and Coastal dialect. They are spoken in the Makran region, which is why all these dialects are generally called Makrani.[6][11]

Kechi,[6] is the main subdialect spoken in Kech, including Turbat.[5][12]

Lashari,[12] is the main subdialect centered on the village of Lashar.[5]

The "Coastal Dialects",[13][14], including Qasr-e Qand, Nik Shahr, Rask, Bandar Abbas, Karachi, Chahbahar, Gwadar, and Pasni.[12]

Phonology

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Vowels

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Southern Balochi vowels
long vowels â:, ā, ē, ī, ō, ū
Short vowel â, a, e, i, o, u
Compound vowel [ie], [ue]
Southern Balochi vowel system
Front Central Back
High ī ū
Mid e,ē o,ō
Low ɑ ō
Vowel systems in Southern Balochi dialects
Scholars Vowel systemsDialect
Farrell (1990) ī, i, ē, a, ā, ō, u, ū, ā͂, ē͂, ī͂, ō͂, ū͂Karachi
Yousefian (2008) i, e, ē, a, â, o, ō, uLashari

It is similar to that of Koroshi dialect spoken in Iran.[15] Nasalization, which is common in Southern Balochi dialects, is phonetically less salient in Koroshi.

Consonants

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The consonants /b/ ، /d/ ، /ḍ/ ، /g/ ، /p/ ، /t/ ، /ṭ/ ، /k/ ، /P/ /h/ ،/tʰ/ ،/ṭʰ/ ، /k/ /h/ ،/s/ ،/z/ ،/ʃ/ ،/ȝ/ ،/h/ ،/ʤ/ ، ʧ ،/ʧʰ/ ،/m/ ،/n/ ،/ŋ/ ،/r/ ،/ṛ/ ،/l/ ،/w/ ،/j/ are articulated as alveolar in Southern Balochi.[16]

Nasalization is phonemic in Eastern Balochi and that caused by the effect of the Indo-Aryan languages, similar to Soleimani dialect that has borrowed a few sounds from them.

Consonants in Southern Balochi dialects
Labial Dental/
Alveolar		 Retroflex Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive/
Affricate		 voiceless p t t̥ č k
voiced b d d̥ J̌ ɡ
Fricative voiceless (ƒ) s Š (x) h
voiced β z ž (ǧ)
Nasal m n
Taps r r̥
Glides w y

The consonants /f x ġ/ in the Rakhshani dialect often remain, but in Makrani they become /g/, /k/ or /h/, and /p/, respectively.[13] In addition, /f/ occurs in a few words in Southern Balochi. /x/ (voiceless velar fricative) in some loanwords in Southern Balochi corresponding to /ʁ/ (voiced uvular fricative) in Western Balochi.

Syllables

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Makrani dialect, the presence of minimal pairs such as [iehd] - [iḳd] or [suek] - [suk] easily shows that each compound vowel can be placed as a single, independent phoneme in the center of a syllable and create new word with semantic distinction.[16]

Southern dialects as in Lashari Balochi the place of stress depends on the weight of the syllable.[17]

Grammar

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Makrani dialect uses both head-marking and dependent-marking structures. In this dialect, the verb group can take four types of complements: the noun group, the adjective group, the prepositional group, and the complement clause. The Balochi Makrani dialect uses the adverb of quantity and the prepositional group as descriptors of the core adjective in the adjectival group. The prepositional group is described by adverbs.

These adverbs come before the core preposition.[18] Southern Balochi has genitive singular -ē and the object is marked with: ānā (rā), -ânā, or -ānrā.

Pronouns

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Pronouns Rakhshani (Western)Makrani (Southern)
1st person منمن
2nd person توتو
3rd person آ‌/آئیآ/آیی
1st person (plural) ئما‌/هٔمامِشما‌/ما
2nd person (plural) شماشما
3rd person (plural) آوانآیاں

Example sentences

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English Southern Balochi
Goodbye خدا حافظ
What is this? ایں چی اِنت؟
Where is Ali? علی کجا اِنت؟
This horse is white ایں اسپ اسپیت ئے
Who called me? کہ منا توار کوتا؟
I am tired من ژند اں
I have two small brothers and sisters منا دو کسانیں برات ءُ گوار هست

Makrani v. Karachi

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English Makrani Karachi
I am Mahnaz. من مَهناز اں من مَهناز اں
Where are they going? آ کجا روگ اِنت؟ آ کجا روگا اِنت؟
What are you doing? تو چی کنگ ئے؟ تو چی کنگا ئے؟
Friend, tell me what is happening? سنگت، منا بہ گوش چی بیگ اِنت؟ یار، منا بہ گوش چی بوئگا اِنت؟

See also

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References

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  1. ↑ "BALUCHISTAN iii. Baluchi Language and Literature". Encyclopædia Iranica.
  2. 1 2 "The Balochi Language Project". Uppsala University. 25 November 2024. Retrieved December 17, 2024.
  3. ↑ "Southern Balochi". Glottolog. Retrieved 11 December 2025.
  4. ↑ Edlefsen, John B.; Shah, Khalida; Farooq, Mohsin (1960). "Makranis, the Negroes of West Pakistan". Phylon. 21 (2): 124–130. doi:10.2307/274335. JSTOR 274335. Archived from the original on 2023-02-12. Retrieved 2022-08-15.
  5. 1 2 3 Carina،Korn, Jahani،Korn (2003). The Baloch and Their Neighbours. Reichert. ISBN 9783895003660.
  6. 1 2 3 Windfuhr, Gernot (2013). The Iranian Languages. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781135797041.
  7. ↑ Ahmady, Kameel (2013). From Border to Border Research Study on Identity and Ethnicity in Iran. Avaye Buf. p. 68. ISBN 9788794295314.
  8. ↑ Korn, Jahani, Agnes, Carina (2003). The Baloch and Their Neighbours Ethnic and Linguistic Contact in Balochistan in Historical and Modern Times. Reichert. ISBN 9783895003660.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. ↑ "Balochi language". Encyclopædia Britannica.
  10. ↑ "Balochi". University of Arizona. Retrieved January 28, 2025.
  11. ↑ Soohani, Ali Ahangar, Van Oostendorp, Bahareh, Abbas, Marc (2021). "Syllable-Internal StructureinIranian-Balochi Dialects" (PDF). University of Sistan and Baluchestan. Iranian Journal of Applied LanguageStudies. ISSN 2008-5494.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. 1 2 3 Elfenbein, J. (1988). "Baluchistan iii. Baluchi Language and Literature". Encyclopedia Iranica. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
  13. 1 2 Jahani, Carina (1989). Standardization and Orthography in the Balochi Language. Uppsala University. ISBN 978-91-554-2487-9.
  14. ↑ Korn, Agnes (2005). Towards a Historical Grammar of Balochi. Reichert. ISBN 9783895003677.
  15. ↑ "KOROSH ii. Linguistic Overview of Koroshi". Encyclopædia Iranica.
  16. 1 2 Okati, Ahangar, Balochzahi, Farideh, Abbas Ali, Nawaz (2022). "Phonemic Study of Sarbazi Variant of Makorani Balochi Language". Shiraz University. Journal of Iranian Languages & linguistics.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  17. ↑ Korn, Jahani, Titus, Agnes, Carina, Paul Brian (2008). The Baloch and Others Linguistic, Historical and Socio-political Perspectives on Pluralism in Balochistan. Reichert Verlag. p. 290. ISBN 9783895005916.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  18. ↑ Jahani, Carina (2019). A Grammar of Modern Standard Balochi. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis.
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