// Workers AI · dad joke modeWhat did the Sangsari language say to the tourist? "You sang the wrong tune.
| Sangsari | |
|---|---|
| سنگسری, Sangesari | |
 | |
| Native to | Semnan, Mazanderan, Tehran, Golestan & Markazi provinces of Iran |
| Region | Elburz |
| Ethnicity | Semnani |
Native speakers | 43,000 (2021)[1] |
| Persian alphabet | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | sgr |
| Glottolog | sang1315 |
| ELP | Sangisari |
Sangsari or Sangisari is an Iranian language spoken mainly in the Semnan and Tehran provinces of Iran, especially in the Sangesar (Mahdi Shehr) town and in several surrounding villages. There are around 50,000 Sangsari speakers.[2]
Classification
[edit source]Ethnologue classifies Sangsari in the Semnani group of Northwestern Iranian languages that also includes Lasgerdi, Semnani, and Sorkhei.[3] Glottolog classifies the Sangsari language within the Komisenian subgroup of the Northwest Iranian branch of the Iranian languages.[4] Glottolog's classification has also been adopted by Wiktionary.[5] Whereas the Komisenian languages consist of Sangsari, Lasgerdi, Sorkhei and Aftari languages[6] the Semnani languages consist of Semnani and Biyabuneki.[7] Sangsari is also, linguistically, close to Zaza, spoken in Anatolia.[8][9][10][11] Jost Gippert classifies Sangsari, Zaza and Balochi together within the Hyrcanian subgroup.[9]
Phonology
[edit source]The vowels of Sangsari are /a, aː, e, eː, i, o, oː, u, uː/. The consonants are the same as in Persian.[12]
Grammar
[edit source]Sangisari, similar to Semnani, Zaza and Tati, has a two-gender, case and ergative system. It distinguishes two numbers in pronouns, singular and plural, and marks two cases, the direct (nominative) and the oblique and distinguishes between masculine and feminine in the third person singular for both the direct and oblique case.[13][14] Distinguishing them from all other Western Iranian languages, the typological feature of grammatical gender marking within the copula is exhibited by Sangsari, alongside Semnani, Momenabadi,[15] Zaza, and Tati.[16]
Pronouns
[edit source]| English | Sangsari | Semnani | Zaza | Tati[a] | Tati[b] | Tati[c] | Tati[d] | Tati[e] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| i | a | a | ez | az | az | az | az | az |
| you | tö | tö | tı | ta | ta | tö | ta | tə |
| he | nö | u | o | o | u | a | a | av |
| she | nā | una | a | oa | ua | ā | aya | ava |
| we | ham | hamā | mā | amā | ǰema | čama | amā | âmâ |
| you | xā | šemā | šımā | šomā | šemā | šəma | šömā | šâmâ |
| they | anun | uni | ê/inā | o | unehā | āhā | ay | avə |
See also
[edit source]notes
[edit source]References
[edit source]- ↑ Sangsari at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023)
- ↑ Ethnologue listing for Sangisari
- ↑ Ethnologue listing of Semnani languages
- ↑ "Glottolog 4.4 - Komisenian".
- ↑ "Category:Komisenian languages - Wiktionary". 19 April 2019.
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin (eds.). "Komisenian". Glottolog . Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin (eds.). "Semnani-Biyabuneki". Glottolog . Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Selcan, Zülfü (1998). Grammatik der Zaza-Sprache, Nord-Dialekt (Dersim-Dialekt). Berlin: Wissenschaft und Technik Verlag. pp. 42, 50–52.
- 1 2 "Die iranischen Sprachen: Hyrkanische Gruppe". Zazaki.de. 22 June 2022. Retrieved 24 January 2026.
- ↑ Lecoq, P. (1989) Le classement des langues irano-aryennes occidentales, in: C.-H. de Fouchecour I Pb. Gignoux (Hg.), Etudes irano-aryennes offertes a Gilbert Lazard, Paris pp. 247-264.
- ↑ Windfuhr, Gernot L. (1995). "DIALECTOLOGY". Encyclopaedia Iranica. VII (4): 362–370.
- ↑ Lecoq, pg. 309.
- ↑ Lecoq, Pierre (1989). "Les Dialectes Caspiens Et Les Dialectes Du Nord-ouest De L'iran". In Schmitt, Rüdiger (ed.). Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum (in French). Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag. 301, 309, 314, 318. ISBN 3-88226-413-6.
- ↑ کلباسی, ایران (2005). "ویژگیهای شاخص گویش سمنانی" [The Main Characteristics of Semnani Dialect] (PDF). Language and Linguistics. 1 (2): 140.
- ↑ Borjian, Habib (2026). "How Many Languages Are spoken in Semnan Area?: Typology and Origins of Komisenian Languages". In Korangy, Alireza; Khoshsirat, Zia (eds.). Caspian Languages and Linguistics: Eight Essays. Singapore: Springer Singapore. p. 24.
- ↑ Yarshater, Ehsan (2009). "Four Tati Sub-Dialects". In Sundermann, Werner; Hintze, Almut; de Blois, François (eds.). Exegisti monumenta. Festschrift in Honour of Nicholas Sims-Williams. Harrassowitz. p. 550. ISBN 978-3-447-05937-4.
Pierre Lecoq. 1989. "Les dialectes caspiens et les dialectes du nord-ouest de l'Iran," Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum. Ed. Rüdiger Schmitt. Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag. Pages 296–314.
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