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Snilesworth

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Snilesworth
Snilesby
Former parish
A single-track road crossing a moorland landscape
Road across Snilesworth Moor
Map
Interactive map of Snilesworth
Coordinates: 54°21′37″N 1°12′15″W / 54.3604°N 1.2041°W / 54.3604; -1.2041[1]
CountryEngland
CountyNorth Yorkshire
Area
 • Total
2,029 ha (5,010 acres)
Elevation
[2]
334 m (1,096 ft)
Population
 (1971)[3]
 • Total
42
Time zoneUTC00:00

Snilesworth (sometimes recorded as Snilesby) is a former civil parish near Hawnby and Helmsley in North Yorkshire, England. The area is first recorded in 1150 and lends its name to the nearby moorland surrounding it to the north. The area is now part of the Civil Parish of Hawnby, but its population was listed separately until 1974, when it was merged into Hawnby. The area is 8 miles (13 km) north-west of Helmsley, and 11 miles (18 km) north-east of Thirsk. The River Rye rises on Snilesworth Moor, and picks up many tributaries in the area.

History

[edit]

The area is located around the upland road that runs between Osmotherley and Hawnby, with much of the area being moorland, ravines and waterfalls,[4] with the River Rye rising on Snilesworth Moor.[5][6] In 1828, Snilesworth was described as a hamlet in the townships of Arden and Bilsdale West Side.[7] The name is first recorded c. 1150-1170 as Snigleswath meaning Snigel's ford;[8] Wath is a common suffix in North Yorkshire for a crossing place on a river or stream.[9] The only farm known to have been in existence in 1150 was Wether House in Bilsdale West Side, which is recorded as Widheris in a grant from Stephen de Meynell to Rievaulx Abbey.[10] Whilst no official records document the area pre-1150, Cowley theorises that after the Harrying of the North, for which Helmsley and Hawnby did suffer, anyone looking north from Hawnby would see only moorland and woodland, so they would not think to venture further. This also occurred at Reeth in Swaledale, where some Norse settlements did exist, but were not recorded in the Domesday Book.[11]

In the period between 1150 and 1170, Hugh Malebise granted the area of Snilesworth to the monks at Byland Abbey;[12] this stated "Snigelswath with land, wood and pasture to the north and west of Blawathgill as far as the territory of Hawnby stretches towards Cleveland." This means that the exact boundaries of Snilesworth were undefined apart from Blawathgill (now known as Blow Gill).[11] Similarly, the streams and the River Rye formed the old boundaries between Snilesworth, Arden and Daletown.[13] The Dissolution documents for Byland Abbey detail 14 farms in the "Grange of Snyleswath" which had been in the possession of the abbey.[14] After the Dissolution, the large estate passed through several families and lords (including Sir William Pickering), but was in the possession of the Manners family from 1600 until 1913, when Major G. H. Peake bought the estate, and the neighbouring Whorlton Moor (to the north).[15][16] At the point of sale, the estate was listed as having 17 farms and Snilesworth Lodge.[17]

In the early 1870s, the parish was described as covering 2,029 hectares (5,015 acres) and having a population of 100 living in 22 houses.[18] Snilesworth is 8 miles (13 km) north-west of Helmsley, and 11 miles (18 km) north-east of Thirsk.[19] The road across the moor runs from Osmotherley in the west, to Hawnby in the south-east, a route which John Wesley crossed in 1757, and he declared it to be "...one of the pleasantest parts of England..."[20][21] Bill Cowley's history of the area states that the combined areas of Snilesworth, Arden, Ladhill Gill and Bilsdale West Side, cover over 5,700 hectares (14,000 acres) between them, with about 75% of that being heather moorland.[10]

Historically, the township was in the wapentake of Birdforth, with its parish boundary with Hawnby being separated by Blow Gill (an affluent of the River Rye),[22][23] and its boundary with Cleveland being near to Prod Howe (SE527983).[24] It was separated out into its own civil parish in 1866,[25] however, in 1974, when the old North Riding was moved into North Yorkshire, the township of Snilesworth became part of a larger parish of Hawnby being moved from the parish of Arden and Bilsdale West Side.[26]

In 1842, a seam of coal was discovered in the area which was described as being superior in quality to other seams found in the locality; however, as the area was remote from good transportation routes, the coal was only of use to those who lived in the locality.[27] Snilesworth Moor also has beds of ironstone beneath it, most notably the Dogger Seam and the Ellerbeck Beds.[28] Iron was worked for the monks at Rievaulx, and in the 19th and early 20th-centuries, at least one farmer fashioned his own ploughs form locally sourced iron, though the farmer later acquired better quality iron from Middlesbrough.[29]

Snilesworth Moor reaches a height of 334 metres (1,096 ft),[2] and has several cairns upon it; Iron Howe is described as having "hundreds" of them.[30] It was not realised how extensive the cairn group was until a moor fire at Snilesworth in 1959.[31] Snilesworth Lodge (at SE510955) is the manor house/country seat of the parish, latterly occupied by the Ingleby's.[32] The lodge is not a listed building, but several small buildings in the former parish are listed, and are now under the parish of Hawnby.[33] Snilesworth Lodge is now part of the Farndale Estate, and can be rented out.[34]

Population

[edit]
Population of Snilesworth (or Snilesby township) 1831–1971[35][36][3]
Year 1831 1841 1851 1861 1871 1881 1891 1901 1911 1921 1931 1951 1961 1971
Population 116 116 124 100 90 104 88 84 63 59 54 57 53 42

Notable people

[edit]
  • Iris Dawnay (née Peake), born in London, but raised partly at the her family's estate at Snilesworth Lodge[37]

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ "Snilesworth Moor, Yorkshire | Gazetteer of British Place Names". gazetteer.org.uk. Retrieved 21 September 2026.
  2. 1 2 "Snilesworth Moor". explore.osmaps.com. Retrieved 21 September 2026.
  3. 1 2 "Snilesworth Parish (Tn/CP): Total Population". visionofbritain.org.uk. Retrieved 22 September 2026.
  4. ↑ McDonnell, John (1995). "Reviews". The Ryedale Historian. 17. Helmsley Archaeological and Historical Society: 25. ISSN 1362-5365. OCLC 6798639.
  5. ↑ Heselden, Jean; Snelling, Rebecca, eds. (1987). North York Moors. Basingstoke: AA Publishing. p. 60. ISBN 0861454898.
  6. ↑ Mitchinson, James, ed. (19 February 2022). "Catching a Rye view of life for country house exhibition". The Yorkshire Post. p. 10. ISSN 0963-1496.
  7. ↑ Clarke, Stephen Reynolds (1828). The new Yorkshire gazetteer. London: Henry Teesdale. p. 237.
  8. ↑ Smith, A. H. (1979) [1928]. The Place Names of the North Riding of Yorkshire. English Place Name Society. p. 204. OCLC 19714705.
  9. ↑ Smith, A. H. (1979) [1928]. The Place Names of the North Riding of Yorkshire. English Place Name Society. pp. 117, 119, 129. OCLC 19714705.
  10. 1 2 Cowley 1993, p. 6.
  11. 1 2 Cowley 1993, p. 87.
  12. ↑ Page 1968, p. 35.
  13. ↑ Page 1968, p. 31.
  14. ↑ Cowley 1993, pp. 90–91.
  15. ↑ Page 1968, p. 36.
  16. ↑ Cowley 1993, pp. 111, 113.
  17. ↑ "North Riding of Yorkshire, the Snilesworth Estate". discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/. Retrieved 26 September 2026.
  18. ↑ "History of Snilesworth, in Ryedale and North Riding | Map and description". www.visionofbritain.org.uk. Retrieved 22 September 2026.
  19. ↑ "Hawnby, Yorkshire, England. Geographical and Historical information from 1868, Yorkshire (North Riding)". www.genuki.org.uk. GENUKI. Retrieved 22 September 2026.
  20. ↑ Heselden, Jean; Snelling, Rebecca, eds. (1987). North York Moors. Basingstoke: AA Publishing. p. 45. ISBN 0861454898.
  21. ↑ Roberts, Claire (1991). The North York Moors and coast : what to see, what to do, where to stay. Stoke-on-Trent: Gateway Guides. p. 54. ISBN 0951584014.
  22. ↑ Parliamentary Papers Poor Law Unions volume 49, part II. London: HMSO. 1862. pp. 88, 521. OCLC 145367615.
  23. ↑ McDonnell, John (1972). "An account of the iron industry in Upper Ryedale and Bilsdale, c. 1150–1650". The Ryedale Historian. 6. Helmsley Archaeological and Historical Society: 30. ISSN 1362-5365. OCLC 6798639.
  24. ↑ Cowley 1993, p. 45.
  25. ↑ Youngs, Frederic A. (1980). Guide to the local administrative units of England, Volume II; Northern England. London: Offices of the Royal Historical Society. p. 609. ISBN 0861931270.
  26. ↑ Guide No. 6: North Yorkshire Gazetteer of Townships and Parishes. Northallerton: North Yorkshire County Council. 2021 [1986]. p. 28. ISBN 0 906035 29 5.
  27. ↑ "Snilesworth Colliery". nmrs.org.uk. Retrieved 22 September 2026.
  28. ↑ McDonnell, John (1972). "An account of the iron industry in Upper Ryedale and Bilsdale, c. 1150–1650". The Ryedale Historian. 6. Helmsley Archaeological and Historical Society: 24–25. ISSN 1362-5365. OCLC 6798639.
  29. ↑ Cowley 1993, p. 8.
  30. ↑ Carstairs, Ian (1987). The North York Moors National Park. Exeter: Webb & Bower. p. 34. ISBN 0863501400.
  31. ↑ Hayes, Raymond H. (1963). "Cairn groups and ancient field systems in north-east Yorkshire". Transactions of the Scarborough and District Archaeological Society. 1 (6). Scarborough: Scarborough Archaeological and Historical Society: 4. ISSN 1474-1229. OCLC 2324885.
  32. ↑ Sefton, Daniel (2007). Sefton, Daniel (ed.). Debrett's People of Today. Richmond (Surrey): Debrett s Peerage. p. 840. ISBN 1870520955.
  33. ↑ "Listed Buildings Map". britishlistedbuildings.co.uk. Retrieved 26 September 2026.
  34. ↑ "Snilesworth Lodge". farndalecottages.co.uk. Retrieved 26 September 2026.
  35. ↑ Population. Comparative account of the population of Great Britain in the years 1801, 1811, 1821, and 1831. London: House of Commons. 1831. p. 307. OCLC 941756529.
  36. ↑ Page, William, ed. (1907). The Victoria history of the county of York. vol 3. London: Constable & Co. p. 505. OCLC 500092527.
  37. ↑ Evans, Chris, ed. (11 December 2021). "Iris Dawnay". The Daily Telegraph. No. 51, 810. p. 31. ISSN 0307-1235.

Sources

[edit]
  • Cowley, Bill (1993). Old stones, old fields, old farms; a history of the Snilesworth area. Northallerton: Turker Books. ISBN 0-9518529-1-4.
  • Page, William, ed. (1968). The Victoria history of the county of York, North Riding volume 1. Pall Mall, London: Dawsons. ISBN 0712903097.
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