STC1

STC1
Identifiers
Aliases	STC1, STC, stanniocalcin 1
External IDs	OMIM: 601185; MGI: 109131; GeneCards: STC1
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 8 (human) Band 8p21.2 Start 23,841,929 bp End 23,854,806 bp
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 14 (mouse) Band 14|14 D2 Start 69,266,687 bp End 69,279,253 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in pericardium vena cava buccal mucosa cell islet of Langerhans cartilage tissue stromal cell of endometrium mucosa of urinary bladder thyroid gland left lobe of thyroid gland Epithelium of choroid plexus Top expressed in posterior horn of spinal cord adventitia of ureter inner renal medulla tongue Rostral migratory stream desmocranium joints of the foot medullary collecting duct Stroma of ovary Gonadal ridge More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function hormone activity Cellular component cytoplasm extracellular region apical plasma membrane nucleus extracellular space Biological process response to vitamin D response to organic cyclic compound ossification endothelial cell morphogenesis cellular calcium ion homeostasis negative regulation of endothelial cell migration regulation of cardiac muscle cell contraction growth plate cartilage axis specification positive regulation of calcium ion import cellular response to glucocorticoid stimulus negative regulation of cell migration decidualization chondrocyte proliferation negative regulation of calcium ion transport negative regulation of renal phosphate excretion bone development regulation of anion transport cellular response to hypoxia embryo implantation cellular response to cAMP regulation of signaling receptor activity signal transduction Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Databases NCBI: entry; OMA: entry Species Human Mouse Entrez 6781 20855 Ensembl ENSG00000159167 ENSMUSG00000014813 UniProt P52823 O55183 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_003155 NM_009285 RefSeq (protein) NP_003146 NP_033311 Location (UCSC) Chr 8: 23.84 – 23.85 Mb Chr 14: 69.27 – 69.28 Mb PubMed search
Wikidata
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Stanniocalcin-1 is a glycoprotein, a homologue of a hormone stanniocalcin, first discovered in bony fishes. In humans it is encoded by the STC1 gene.

Function

This gene encodes a secreted, homodimeric glycoprotein that is expressed in a wide variety of tissues and may have autocrine or paracrine functions. The only known molecular function of human Stanniocalcin-1 to date is a SUMO E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in the SUMOylation cycle. However, STC1 interacts with many proteins in the cytoplasm, mitochondria, endoplasmatic reticulum, and in dot-like fashion in the cell nucleus. The N-terminal region of STC1 is the function region which is responsible to establish the interaction with its partners, including SUMO1. Low-resolution studies shows that STC1 is an anti-parallel homodimer in solution and the cysteine 202 is responsible for its dimerization. All the 5 disulfide bonds of human STC1 are conserved and have the same profile of fish STC. The gene contains a 5' UTR rich in CAG trinucleotide repeats. The encoded protein contains 11 conserved cysteine residues and is phosphorylated by protein kinase C exclusively on its serine residues.

The protein may play a role in the regulation of renal and intestinal calcium and phosphate transport, cell metabolism, or cellular calcium/phosphate homeostasis. Overexpression of human stanniocalcin 1 in mice produces high serum phosphate levels, dwarfism, and increased metabolic rate. This gene has altered expression in hepatocellular, ovarian, and breast cancers, and is a putative molecular biomarker of leukemic microenvironment.

Further reading

• Chang AC, Jellinek DA, Reddel RR (Sep 2003). "Mammalian stanniocalcins and cancer". Endocrine-Related Cancer. 10 (3): 359–73. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.318.655. doi:10.1677/erc.0.0100359. PMID 14503913. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
• Liang P, Averboukh L, Keyomarsi K, Sager R, Pardee AB (Dec 1992). "Differential display and cloning of messenger RNAs from human breast cancer versus mammary epithelial cells". Cancer Research. 52 (24): 6966–8. PMID 1458489.
• Chang AC, Janosi J, Hulsbeek M, de Jong D, Jeffrey KJ, Noble JR, Reddel RR (Aug 1995). "A novel human cDNA highly homologous to the fish hormone stanniocalcin". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 112 (2): 241–7. doi:10.1016/0303-7207(95)03601-3. PMID 7489828. S2CID 35823912.
• Wagner GF, Guiraudon CC, Milliken C, Copp DH (Mar 1995). "Immunological and biological evidence for a stanniocalcin-like hormone in human kidney". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 92 (6): 1871–5. Bibcode:1995PNAS...92.1871W. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.6.1871. PMC 42384. PMID 7892193.
• Olsen HS, Cepeda MA, Zhang QQ, Rosen CA, Vozzolo BL, Wagner GF (Mar 1996). "Human stanniocalcin: a possible hormonal regulator of mineral metabolism". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 93 (5): 1792–6. Bibcode:1996PNAS...93.1792O. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.5.1792. PMC 39860. PMID 8700837.
• Zhang KZ, Westberg JA, Paetau A, von Boguslawsky K, Lindsberg P, Erlander M, Guo H, Su J, Olsen HS, Andersson LC (Aug 1998). "High expression of stanniocalcin in differentiated brain neurons". The American Journal of Pathology. 153 (2): 439–45. doi:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)65587-3. PMC 1852984. PMID 9708804.
• Varghese R, Wong CK, Deol H, Wagner GF, DiMattia GE (Nov 1998). "Comparative analysis of mammalian stanniocalcin genes". Endocrinology. 139 (11): 4714–25. doi:10.1210/en.139.11.4714. PMID 9794484.
• Zhang Kz, Lindsberg PJ, Tatlisumak T, Kaste M, Olsen HS, Andersson LC (Mar 2000). "Stanniocalcin: A molecular guard of neurons during cerebral ischemia". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 97 (7): 3637–42. doi:10.1073/pnas.070045897. PMC 16292. PMID 10725397.
• Jellinek DA, Chang AC, Larsen MR, Wang X, Robinson PJ, Reddel RR (Sep 2000). "Stanniocalcin 1 and 2 are secreted as phosphoproteins from human fibrosarcoma cells". The Biochemical Journal. 350 Pt 2 (2): 453–61. doi:10.1042/0264-6021:3500453. PMC 1221272. PMID 10947959.
• Varghese R, Gagliardi AD, Bialek PE, Yee SP, Wagner GF, Dimattia GE (Mar 2002). "Overexpression of human stanniocalcin affects growth and reproduction in transgenic mice". Endocrinology. 143 (3): 868–76. doi:10.1210/endo.143.3.8671. PMID 11861508.
• McCudden CR, James KA, Hasilo C, Wagner GF (Nov 2002). "Characterization of mammalian stanniocalcin receptors. Mitochondrial targeting of ligand and receptor for regulation of cellular metabolism". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (47): 45249–58. doi:10.1074/jbc.M205954200. PMID 12223480.
• Serlachius M, Alitalo R, Olsen HS, Andersson LC (Nov 2002). "Expression of stanniocalcin-1 in megakaryocytes and platelets". British Journal of Haematology. 119 (2): 359–63. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2141.2002.03916.x. PMID 12406069. S2CID 19633381.
• Sheikh-Hamad D, Bick R, Wu GY, Christensen BM, Razeghi P, Poindexter B, Taegtmeyer H, Wamsley A, Padda R, Entman M, Nielsen S, Youker K (Jul 2003). "Stanniocalcin-1 is a naturally occurring L-channel inhibitor in cardiomyocytes: relevance to human heart failure". American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 285 (1): H442–8. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01071.2002. PMID 12663264.
• Zlot C, Ingle G, Hongo J, Yang S, Sheng Z, Schwall R, Paoni N, Wang F, Peale FV, Gerritsen ME (Nov 2003). "Stanniocalcin 1 is an autocrine modulator of endothelial angiogenic responses to hepatocyte growth factor". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (48): 47654–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M301353200. PMID 14500721.
• McCudden CR, Majewski A, Chakrabarti S, Wagner GF (Jan 2004). "Co-localization of stanniocalcin-1 ligand and receptor in human breast carcinomas". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 213 (2): 167–72. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2003.10.042. PMID 15062564. S2CID 29530147.
• Luo CW, Kawamura K, Klein C, Hsueh AJ (Aug 2004). "Paracrine regulation of ovarian granulosa cell differentiation by stanniocalcin (STC) 1: mediation through specific STC1 receptors". Molecular Endocrinology. 18 (8): 2085–96. doi:10.1210/me.2004-0066. PMID 15131261.
• Serlachius M, Andersson LC (Jun 2004). "Upregulated expression of stanniocalcin-1 during adipogenesis". Experimental Cell Research. 296 (2): 256–64. doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2004.02.016. PMID 15149855.