// Workers AI · dad joke modeWhat did the Proctonotoidea say? "We're behind in research.
| Proctonotoidea | |
|---|---|
| From left to right in each row, top to bottom: Janolus flavoanulatus (Janolidae), Caldukia rubiginosa (Proctonotidae), Leminda millecra (Lemindidae), Madrella ferruginosa (Madrellidae), Dirona pellucida (Dironidae), Curnon granulosa (Curnonidae) | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Order: | Nudibranchia |
| Suborder: | Janolacea Minichev & Starobogatov, 1979[1] |
| Superfamily: | Proctonotoidea J. E. Gray, 1853[2] |
| Families | |
|
See text | |
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Proctonotoidea is a superfamily of nudibranchs, shell-less marine gastropod molluscs or sea slugs, and the only member of the suborder Janolacea.[1]
Families
[edit]The following families are recognised in the superfamily Proctonotoidea:[1][2]
- Family Curnonidae d’Udekem d’Acoz, 2017
- Family Lemindidae Griffiths, 1985
- Family Dironidae Eliot, 1910
- Family Madrellidae Preston, 1911
- Family Proctonotidae Gray, 1853
- Family Janolidae Pruvot-Fol, 1933
- Family ?Goniaeolididae Odhner, 1907
References
[edit]- 1 2 3 Korshunova, Tatiana; Fletcher, Karin; Martynov, Alexander (2025-08-01). "The endless forms are the most differentiated—how taxonomic pseudo-optimization masked natural diversity and evolution: the nudibranch case". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 204 (4). doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf057. ISSN 0024-4082.
- 1 2 Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O (eds.). "Proctonotoidea J. E. Gray, 1853". MolluscaBase. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2026-06-24.
Further reading
[edit]- WäGele, Heike; Willan, Richard C. (September 2000). "Phylogeny of the Nudibranchia". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 130 (1): 83–181. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2000.tb02196.x.
- Goodheart, Jessica A.; Bazinet, Adam L.; Valdés, Ángel; Collins, Allen G.; Cummings, Michael P. (2017-10-26). "Prey preference follows phylogeny: evolutionary dietary patterns within the marine gastropod group Cladobranchia (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Nudibranchia)". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 17 (1): 221. doi:10.1186/s12862-017-1066-0. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 5659023. PMID 29073890.
- Goodheart, Jessica A.; Bleidißel, Sabrina; Schillo, Dorothee; Strong, Ellen E.; Ayres, Daniel L.; Preisfeld, Angelika; Collins, Allen G.; Cummings, Michael P.; Wägele, Heike (2018-11-13). "Comparative morphology and evolution of the cnidosac in Cladobranchia (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Nudibranchia)". Frontiers in Zoology. 15 (1): 43. doi:10.1186/s12983-018-0289-2. ISSN 1742-9994. PMC 6234619. PMID 30473719.
- Korshunova, Tatiana; Martynov, Alexander (2020-11-20). "Consolidated data on the phylogeny and evolution of the family Tritoniidae (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) contribute to genera reassessment and clarify the taxonomic status of the neuroscience models Tritonia and Tochuina". PLOS ONE. 15 (11) e0242103. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0242103. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 7679014. PMID 33216784.
- Karmeinski, Dario; Meusemann, Karen; Goodheart, Jessica A.; Schroedl, Michael; Martynov, Alexander; Korshunova, Tatiana; Wägele, Heike; Donath, Alexander (2021-12-28). "Transcriptomics provides a robust framework for the relationships of the major clades of cladobranch sea slugs (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Heterobranchia), but fails to resolve the position of the enigmatic genus Embletonia". BMC Ecology and Evolution. 21 (1): 226. doi:10.1186/s12862-021-01944-0. ISSN 2730-7182. PMC 8895541. PMID 34963462.
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