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Piper macropiper

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Piper macropiper
In the Barron Gorge near Cairns, Queensland
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Embryophytes
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Spermatophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Magnoliids
Order: Piperales
Family: Piperaceae
Genus: Piper
Species:
P. macropiper
Binomial name
Piper macropiper
Synonyms
40 synonyms
  • for Piper macropiper[3]
    • Piper arborescens Roxb.
  • for P. m. var. macropiper[4]
    • Chavica glandulosa (Opiz) C.Presl
    • Chavica lanceolata Miq.
    • Chavica macrostachya Miq.
    • Chavica miniata (Blume) Miq.
    • Chavica miniata var. hirtella Miq.
    • Chavica penangensis Miq.
    • Cubeba auriculata (Blume) Miq.
    • Cubeba miniata (Blume) Miq.
    • Piper arborescens Wall.
    • Piper arborescens var. angustilimbum Quisumb.
    • Piper auriculatum Blume
    • Piper boehmeriifolium var. tenuifolium C.DC.
    • Piper breviantherum C.DC.
    • Piper canaliculatum Klotzsch ex Miq.
    • Piper glandulosum Opiz
    • Piper graeffei Warb.
    • Piper graeffei var. cordatum Warb.
    • Piper kotoense Yamam.
    • Piper lanceolatum Roxb.
    • Piper linkii Miq.
    • Piper lonchites Schult.
    • Piper longipedunculatum C.DC.
    • Piper magnispicum C.DC.
    • Piper miniatum Blume
    • Piper miniatum var. brevispicatum C.DC.
    • Piper miniatum var. hirtellum (Miq.) C.DC.
    • Piper moluccanum Spreng.
    • Piper novoguineense Warb.
    • Piper pilipes C.DC.
    • Piper pubipetiolum C.DC.
    • Piper rodatzii K.Schum. & Lauterb.
    • Piper rothianum F.M.Bailey
    • Piper rothianum var. gracilescens Domin
    • Piper rubrum Reinw. ex Miq.
    • Piper subvirosum C.DC.
    • Piper trichophlebium Quisumb.
    • Piper tutuilae C.DC.
    • Piper vaupelii Lauterb.
    • Piperi lonchitum St.-Lag.

Piper macropiper is a species of plant in the pepper family Piperaceae, native to southeast Asia, Australia and the western Pacific. It was first described in 1800.

Description

[edit]

Piper macropiper is a creeper or root climber with a stem diameter up to 8 cm (3 in). Leaves are glossy green above and glaucous underneath, and have entire margins. They are ovate in shape, that is, they are broad at the base and narrow to a point at the apex. They measure up to 16 cm (6 in) long and 10 cm (4 in) wide, with two or three pairs of secondary veins radiating from the midrib close to the base and extending to the leaftip.[5][6]

Inflorescences are spikes up to 13 cm (5 in) long, attached to the stem opposite the leaves by a peduncle about 4 cm (1.6 in) long. This species is dioecious, meaning that pistillate (functionally female) and staminate (functionally male) flowers are borne on separate plants. Flowers are minute, white, and the fruits are also very small, red, and tightly packed together on the spike.[6][5]

Distribution and habitat

[edit]

It is native to the following regions:[3]

  • Mainland and maritime S.E. Asia: Taiwan, Nicobar Islands, Thailand, Borneo, Jawa, Lesser Sunda Islands, Malaya, Maluku, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatera.
  • Australasia: New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Northern Territory, Queensland.
  • Western Pacific: Caroline Islands, Samoa, Santa Cruz Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu, Wallis-Futuna Islands.

In Australia, P. macropiper grows in rainforest at altitudes from sea level to 800 m (2,600 ft).[5]

Taxonomy

[edit]

The species was first described by Welsh naturalist, traveller and writer Thomas Pennant in the fourth volume of his work Outlines of the Globe, titled The view of the Malayan Isles, New Holland, and the Spicy Islands, which was published in 1800.[7]

Two varieties are recognised: P. macropiper var. macrophylla (found in Papua New Guinea), and the autonym P. macropiper var. macropiper. A total of 40 synonyms exist for the original name and the two varietal names (see synonyms list).

Etymology

[edit]

The name Piper comes from peperi, a Benghalese word for the genus. The species epithet macropiper is derived from 'macro-' combined with the generic name, in reference to its long fruit.[8]

Conservation

[edit]

This species is listed as least concern under the Queensland Government's Nature Conservation Act.[1] As of 19 April 2026, it has not been assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. 1 2 "Taxon - Piper macropiper". WildNet. Queensland Government. 2026. Retrieved 19 April 2026.
  2. ↑ "Piper macropiper Pennant". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI). Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. Retrieved 19 April 2026.
  3. 1 2 3 "Piper macropiper Pennant". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2026. Retrieved 19 April 2026.
  4. ↑ "Piper macropiper var. macropiper". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2026. Retrieved 19 April 2026.
  5. 1 2 3 F.A.Zich; B.P.M.Hyland; T.Whiffen; R.A.Kerrigan (2020). "Piper macropiper Pennant". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants Edition 8 (RFK8). Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government. Retrieved 19 April 2026.
  6. 1 2 Spokes, T.M. (2022). "Piper macropiper Pennant". Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water: Canberra. Retrieved 19 April 2026.
  7. ↑ "Piper macropiper Pennant, Outlin. Globe 4: 242 (1800)". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2026. Retrieved 27 May 2026.
  8. ↑ Cooper, Wendy; Cooper, William T. (June 2004). Fruits of the Australian Tropical Rainforest. Clifton Hill, Victoria, Australia: Nokomis Editions. p. 398. ISBN 978-0-9581742-1-3.
[edit]
  • Map of occurrences of this species at the Global Biodiversity Information Facility
  • Observations of this species on iNaturalist
  • Images of this species on Flickriver.com
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