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// Workers AI · dad joke modeWhat did Phukan say to his date? You're pooking lovely tonight

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Phukan or Phukån was an official title used in the Ahom kingdom. A Phukan generally served as the superintendent of a military, administrative or occupational division known as a khel or of a royal establishment known as a mel. Although many of the principal Phukan offices were traditionally associated with Ahom noble families, the title was not ethnically exclusive, and historical records mention Phukans drawn from Brahmin, Chutia, Kalita and Moran communities. It subsequently developed into an Assamese surname.[1][2] The title is of Tai-Ahom linguistic origin and occurs in several compound forms denoting the office-holder's department, locality or function.[3]

Historical usage

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In the Ahom administrative system, the title usually denoted an officer placed over a particular khel, territorial division, military body or department. Appointments were made by the king and were not always confined to people of Ahom origin.

Among other ethnic groups, the Buranjis record several Phukans from Chutia families. Under the Prataap Singha, Lesam Chetia, who descended from a Chutia Tekela Bora, was appointed Naobaicha Phukan.[4] During Lora Raja's reign, a member of the Bihporua Chetia family (Chutia by lineage[a]), became Neog Phukan, while a member of the Piksai Chetia family[b] became Deka Phukan.[7] Sukhaamphaa appointed a son of Lesam Chutia as Parvatia Phukan,[8] and Gadadhar Singha appointed another member of the Piksai Chetia family as Singrai Phukan.[9] Under Rudra Singha, the Raidangia Phukan belonged to the Bhandari Chetia family of Chutia lineage,[c][11] while under Siva Singha, the Bhitarual Phukan came from the Charagual family, identified as Hindu-Chutia.[12]

The Jalambata family was similarly traced to Buruk Chutia ancestry.[13] Under Siva Singha, one of its members became Neog Phukan[14]; under Rajeswar Singha, one became Choladhara Phukan and another Khangia Phukan.[15] During Lakshmi Singha's reign, members of the family served as Neog Phukan, Khangia Phukan and Nyayasodha Phukan.[16] During the revolt of 1775, Phukans and Baruas were also appointed from among the Barechiringias and Chutia Boras.[17] Under Chandrakanta Singha, Satram, son of a Chutia Kukurachowa Bora, was elevated to the office of Charingia Phukan.[18]

During the reign of Rudra Singha, a member of the Moran Khimtar Patar lineage[19] was made Parvartia Phukan.[20] During the occupation of the capital by the Moamoria rebels in the reign of Lakshmi Singha, the insurgent administration appointed its principal officials from among the Morans. The Tungkhungia Buranji states that all its Phukans and Rajkhowas were selected from the Morans; Ligiri Kanri was appointed Borphukan, while six Phukans and fourteen Rajkhowas of Gauhati were likewise appointed from the community.[21]

Brahmins were also appointed to Phukan offices. During the reign of Pratap Singha, a member of the royal priestly family was granted the title of Phukan and became known as the Rajguru Phukan. Hiteswar Barbarua also records that the office of Tamuli Phukan, formerly held by Ahoms, came to be held by Brahmins during the closing period of the kingdom.[22] The Tungkhungia Buranji further notes that members of the Brahmin Kakati family received Phukan appointments in recognition of their loyalty to the monarchy.[23] An earlier appointment from the Kayastha community was Manthir Bharali Barua, who was made Parvatia Phukan during Mir Jumla's invasion in 1662 and was referred to in Persian accounts as Bijli or Bijuli Phukan.[24] Kekeru Hazarika, a Kalita of Bhuyan descent, was promoted to the office of Choladhara Phukan for his role in overthrowing the Moamoria administration and restoring Lakshmi Singha. He consequently became known as the Kalita Phukan.[25]

Variants of Phukan

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Various types of Phukan indicated their role, place, or association. Some of these are:

  1. Phukån Khāri (Phukān of gunpowder)
  2. Phukån Khuāng (Phukān of Khuāng, Dibrugarh)
  3. Phukån Khe (Phukān having the charge of fishing net)
  4. Phukân Tunrungdām – Phukān appointed in present-day Kaliabor)
  5. Phukån Phākut (Phukān of the fern)
  6. Phukån Phushānngin (Phukān who handles judicial matters).
  7. Phukån Bāo (Phukān of the youth)
  8. Phukån Bāilung (Phukān of the Bailung clan)
  9. Phukån Māmu (Phukān of the nut)
  10. Phukån Moshāi (Phukān of the Moshāi clan)
  11. Phukån Mau (The new Phukān)
  12. Phukån Yāmshu (Phukān of the coat)
  13. Phukån Ru (Phukān of the boat)
  14. Phukån Rāidāng (Phukān of Rāidāng)
  15. Phukån Lung – (Phukān of the greatness) [26]

Notable people

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See also

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  • Piyoli Phukan, black & white Assamese language film released in 1955

References

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  1. ↑ Kakoty, Sanjeeb (2003). Technology, Production and Social Formation in the Evolution of the Ahom State. Regency Publications. ISBN 9788187498735.
  2. ↑ Bhuyan, Suryya Kumar, ed. (1968). Tungkhungia Buranji, or, A History of Assam, 1681–1826. Department of Historical and Antiquarian Studies, Assam. p. 243.
  3. ↑ Barua, Golap Chandra (1903). Ahom–Assamese–English Dictionary. Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press. pp. 134–136.
  4. ↑ (Barbarua 1997:89)
  5. ↑ (Barbarua 1997:578)
  6. ↑ (Barbarua 1997:579)
  7. ↑ Barbarua, Hiteswar (1997). Ahomar Din (in Assamese) (2nd ed.). Assam Publication Board. p. 217.
  8. ↑ Goswami, Hemchandra, ed. (1977). Purani Asam Buranji (in Assamese) (2nd ed.). Department of Historical and Antiquarian Studies, Assam. pp. 33–34.
  9. ↑ (Barbarua 1997:222)
  10. ↑ (Barbarua 1997:578)
  11. ↑ (Barbarua 1997:222)
  12. ↑ (Barbarua 1997:243)
  13. ↑ "পূৰ্বে চুকাফা মহাৰাজৰ দিনত চুটিয়াৰ গাঁঞো মাৰি এটা মানুহ আনিলে, সি‌ ঝলম বাটিব পাৰে। পাচে মহাৰাজা ঝলম বটা দেখি স্বৰ্গদেৱৰ ঘৰত চয়জৰি বটাকৈ দিলে। চাঙ্গচাই নাম দি আহামৰ লগত থাকিব দিলে।" (Goswami 1977:26); "বাটত আহোঁতে পূৰ্বে চুকাফা দেৱে 'গৰীয়া' বোলা পলৰীয়া মানুহ এঘৰ পাই আনিছিল। তাৰে সতি-সন্ততিক পাই এইজনা (চুবিনফা) ৰজাদেৱে 'চইজৰি বটাকৈ' দিলে, নাম থলে 'চেঙ্গচাই'; বেজিৰ কামো কৰিবলৈ দিলে। পাছে সেই ঘৰকে পাছলৈ 'বকতিয়াল' বুলিলে।" (Borbarua 2018:26);"Kirtichandra Barbarua of Jalambata family." (Barua 1930:286); "The Bakatial Barbarua of Jalambata family did not approve of the proposal of the Buragohain." (Barua 1930:298); "Then Kirti Chandra Barbarua of Jalambata family went to the Moamara Mahanta." (Barua 1930:302).
  14. ↑ (Barbarua 1997:243)
  15. ↑ (Barua 1930:289–90)
  16. ↑ Barua, Golap Chandra (1930). Ahom Buranji, with a Parallel English Translation. Calcutta: Assam Administration. pp. 301, 311, 314.
  17. ↑ Barua, Gopal Chandra, Ahom Buranji, p. 332.
  18. ↑ "This episode involving Satram is referred to in the chronicles as ‘the affair of Bhut’s son’. Satram belonged to the Chutia community. At present, descendants of Bhut, the Kukurachowa Bora, live in Kukurachowa village under the Gohpur subdivision of Sonitpur district. The late Ghanakanta Phukan—a freedom fighter and one of the leading founders of the Chutia Sanmilan—belonged to this lineage." (Boruah 2007:224–225)
  19. ↑ (Barbarua 1997:583)
  20. ↑ (Barbarua 1997:564)
  21. ↑ Bhuyan, Suryya Kumar, ed. (1968). Tungkhungia Buranji, or, A History of Assam, 1681–1826. Department of Historical and Antiquarian Studies, Assam. p. 71.
  22. ↑ (Barbarua 1997:555–556)
  23. ↑ Bhuyan, Suryya Kumar, ed. (1968). Tungkhungia Buranji, or, A History of Assam, 1681–1826. Department of Historical and Antiquarian Studies, Assam. p. xxx.
  24. ↑ Bhuyan, Suryya Kumar (1949). Anglo-Assamese Relations, 1771–1826. Department of Historical and Antiquarian Studies, Assam. p. 118.
  25. ↑ Bhuyan, Suryya Kumar (1949). Anglo-Assamese Relations, 1771–1826. Department of Historical and Antiquarian Studies, Assam. pp. 117–118.
  26. ↑ (Borua, GC (1903). Ahom-Assamese-English Dictionary. Baptist Mission Press. pp. 134–136.

Notes

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  1. ↑ The Bihporua Chetia lineage was of Chutia origin.[5]
  2. ↑ The Piksai Chetia lineage was of Chutia origin.[6]
  3. ↑ The Bhandari Chetia lineage was of Chutia origin.[10]
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