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Ox gall

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Ox gall (also spaced oxgall) is bile, also known as "gall", is a liver secretion obtained from cows, it is an ingredient in bile soap and mixed with alcohol and used as the wetting agent in paper marbling, engraving, lithography, and watercolor painting.^[1] ^[2]It is a greenish-brown liquid mixture containing cholesterol, lecithin, taurocholic acid, and glycocholic acid.

In the 18th century it was discovered that ox gall had degreasing properties and was effective at removing protein based stains.^[3]

References

↑ Piva, Gino (1984). Manuale pratico di tecnica pittorica: enciclopedia ricettario per tutti gli artisti, pittori, dilettanti, allievi delle accademie di belle arti e delle scuole artistiche (in Italian). HOEPLI EDITORE. ISBN 978-88-203-0459-1. Retrieved 2026-03-03.
↑ SCHNAUSS, JULIUS (1889). Collotype and Photo-Lithography. London: ILIFFE AND SON.
↑ "Effective Ox Gall Anti Stain Soap for All Your Stain Removal Needs". The Natural French Soap Company. Retrieved 2026-05-14.

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