Outline of eugenics
._Image_from_Wellcome_Library.jpg) 1930s exhibit by the Eugenics Society | |
| Term coined | 1883 |
|---|---|
| Status | Largely discredited |
| Methods | Compulsory sterilization, Euthanasia |
| Programs | Aktion T4 Lebensborn Kinder der Landstrasse |
| Related ideologies | Racial hygiene Scientific racism Social Darwinism |
| Organizations | Eugenics Record Office American Eugenics Society Adelphi Genetics Forum Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics |
| References | Bibliography of eugenics Bibliography of the history of eugenics Glossary of eugenics Timeline of Eugenics |
| This article is part of a series on |
| Eugenics |
|---|
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to eugenics.
Eugenics[a] is a largely discredited set of beliefs and practices that aim to improve the genetic quality of a human population.[1][2] Historically, eugenicists have attempted to alter the frequency of various human phenotypes by inhibiting the fertility of those considered inferior, often through forced sterilization, or promoting that of those considered superior.[2][3]
Main articles
[edit]Reference and navigation
[edit]Concepts
[edit]Ideologies
[edit]Eugenic feminism
[edit]Scientific racism
[edit]- 1995 University of Maryland conference on crime and genetics
- Anglo-Saxonism
- Anthropological criminology
- Aryanism
- Ashkenazi Jewish intelligence
- The Bell Curve
- Craniometry
- History of anthropometry
- History of the race and intelligence controversy
- Human Diversity Foundation
- An Investigation of Global Policy with the Yamato Race as Nucleus
- Nordicism
- Notes and Queries on Anthropology
- OpenPsych
- Political abuse of psychiatry
- Race and intelligence
- Race, Evolution, and Behavior
- Race-norming
- The Rising Tide of Color Against White World-Supremacy
- Scientific racism
- Washington Summit Publishers
History
[edit]Compulsory sterilization
[edit]Eugenics by country
[edit]Canada
[edit]Spain and Latin America
[edit]Switzerland
[edit]United Kingdom
[edit]United States
[edit]- Joe Arridy
- Average Young American Male (1921)
- Ben-Ishmael Tribe
- DezNat
- Eugenics in California
- Eugenics in Minnesota
- Eugenics in Oregon
- Eugenics in the United States
- Eugenics Survey of Vermont
- Heredity Commission
- Human Biodiversity Institute
- Immigration Act of 1917
- Immigration Act of 1924
- Jukes family
- Pierrepont Noyes
- Oneida stirpiculture
- Personal life of Jeffrey Epstein
- Population Association of America
- Racial uplift
- Ralstonism
- Repository for Germinal Choice
- State schools for people with disabilities
- Elizabeth Tuttle
- Virginia State Colony for Epileptics and Feebleminded
Sterilization in the United States
[edit]- Arizona State Hospital
- Buck v. Bell
- Carrie Buck
- Compulsory sterilization of disabled people in the U.S. prison system
- Doe ex. rel. Tarlow v. District of Columbia
- Nancy Hernandez
- Ann Cooper Hewitt
- Irwin County Detention Center
- Madrigal v. Quilligan
- La Operación
- Poe v. Lynchburg Training School & Hospital
- Relf sisters
- Skinner v. Oklahoma
- Sterilization law in the United States
- Sterilization of Latinas
- Sterilization of Native American women
- Stump v. Sparkman
- U.S. sterilization policies in Puerto Rico
- Virginia Sterilization Act of 1924
Nazi Germany
[edit]- Action 14f13
- Alles Leben ist Kampf
- Anton Loibl GmbH
- Hans Asperger
- Child euthanasia in Nazi Germany
- Dasein ohne Leben
- Deaf organizations during the Holocaust
- Doctors' Trial
- Euthanasia trials
- Expert Committee on Questions of Population and Racial Policy
- Fischer–Saller scale
- Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring
- Lebensborn
- Life unworthy of life
- Moringen concentration camp
- Nazi eugenics
- Nuremberg Laws
- Racial policy of Nazi Germany
- Wilhelm Rediess
- Friedrich Ruttner
- Spring of Life (2000 film)
- Sterilization of deaf people in Nazi Germany
- Untermensch
Aktion T4
[edit]- Aktion Brandt
- Aktion T4
- Carlshof Institutions
- Erbkrank
- Gemeinnützige Krankentransport GmbH
- I Accuse (1941 film)
- Leon Jaworski
- Provincial Mental Sanatorium Kortau
- Lothar Kreyssig
- Massacre of patients at the Kobierzyn psychiatric hospital
- Memorandum Authorizing Involuntary Euthanasia
- Memorial to the Victims of National Socialist 'Euthanasia' Killings
- List of Nazi doctors
- Nazi euthanasia and the Catholic Church
- Andreas Rett
- Alice Ricciardi-von Platen
- T4-Gutachter
- Tiergartenstraße
Killing centres
[edit]People
[edit]- Rosemarie Albrecht
- Erich Bauer
- August Becker
- Rudolf Beckmann
- Werner Blankenburg
- Kurt Bolender
- Philipp Bouhler
- Viktor Brack
- Karl Brandt
- Paul Bredow
- Werner Catel
- Leonardo Conti
- Max de Crinis
- Irmfried Eberl
- Kurt Franz
- Karl Frenzel
- Erich Fuchs
- Ernst-Robert Grawitz
- Heinrich Gross
- Lorenz Hackenholt
- Richard von Hegener
- Hans Heinze
- Otto Hellmuth
- Gottlieb Hering
- Werner Heyde
- Josef Hirtreiter
- Waldemar Hoven
- Irmgard Huber
- Ernst Illing
- Alfred Ittner
- Helmut Kallmeyer
- Wilhelm Koppe
- Erwin Lambert
- Henryk Mania
- Friedrich Mauz
- Willi Mentz
- Hermann Michel
- August Miete
- Paul Nitsche
- Josef Oberhauser
- Friedrich Panse
- Philipp, Landgrave of Hesse
- Karl Pötzinger
- Franz Reichleitner
- Carl-Heinz Rodenberg
- Carl Schneider
- Johannes Heinrich Schultz
- Walter Schultze
- Franz Schwede
- Otto Stadie
- Franz Stangl
- Ernst Stengelin
- Karl Steubl
- Franz Suchomel
- Siegfried Uiberreither
- Werner Villinger
- Gustav Wagner
- Erich Wasicky
- Albert Widmann
- Christian Wirth
- Franz Wolf (SS officer)
- Ernst Zierke
Victims
[edit]Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology
[edit]Other countries
[edit]Organizations
[edit]- Adelphi Genetics Forum
- Alberta Eugenics Board
- American Association for the Study and Prevention of Infant Mortality
- American Eugenics Society
- Co-operative Women's Guild
- Elwyn (company)
- Eugenics Board of North Carolina
- Eugenics Record Office
- Foundation for Research and Education on Eugenics and Dysgenics
- French Foundation for the Study of Human Problems
- Galton Laboratory
- German Society for Racial Hygiene
- Gobineau Association
- Hereditary Health Court
- Human Betterment Foundation
- Human Betterment League
- Institutions for Defective Delinquents
- International Association for the Advancement of Ethnology and Eugenics
- International Eugenics Conference
- International Federation of Eugenics Organizations
- Julius Klaus-Stiftung
- Oneida Community
- Pathfinder International
- Pioneer Fund
- Race Betterment Foundation
- Racial Hygiene Association of New South Wales
- Rockefeller Foundation
- Society for the Right to Die
- State Institute for Racial Biology
People
[edit]American
[edit]- Jane Addams
- Clairette Papin Armstrong
- Guy W. Bailey
- Richard Barrett (lawyer)
- Norman Bel Geddes
- Maurice Bigelow
- Elizabeth Blackwell
- Anna Blount
- Mary Carson Breckinridge
- Carl Brigham
- Lathrop Brown
- Luther Burbank
- Guy Irving Burch
- Edgar Rice Burroughs
- Charles Codman Cabot
- William E. Castle
- Harry Chandler
- Robert C. Cook
- John Merle Coulter
- Earnest Sevier Cox
- Charles Davenport
- Gertrude Crotty Davenport
- Eugenie Mary Ladenburg Davie
- James J. Davis
- Joseph DeJarnette
- Lydia Allen DeVilbiss
- Charles Fremont Dight
- Malcolm Donald
- George Draper (physician)
- Wickliffe Draper
- W. E. B. Du Bois
- George Eastman
- Thomas F. Ellis
- Jeffrey Epstein
- Arthur Estabrook
- Henry Pratt Fairchild
- Samuel Simeon Fels
- Walter E. Fernald
- Irving Fisher
- Diana Fleischman
- Joseph Fletcher
- Clarence Gamble
- Henry Garrett (psychologist)
- Marcus Garvey
- Charlotte Perkins Gilman
- John Glad
- Henry H. Goddard
- Charles Goethe
- Willystine Goodsell
- E. S. Gosney
- Linda Gottfredson
- Robert Klark Graham
- Madison Grant
- A. James Gregor
- Henry Rice Guild
- Alan Frank Guttmacher
- Harry J. Haiselden
- Prescott F. Hall
- Richard Hanania
- Garrett Hardin
- John Marshall Harlan II
- Moses Harman
- Henry Harpending
- Mary Williamson Harriman
- James L. Hart
- Frederick W. Hatch (psychiatrist)
- Willet M. Hays
- Martin Luther Holbrook
- Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.
- Samuel Jackson Holmes
- Luther Emmett Holt
- Aleš Hrdlička
- Ellsworth Huntington
- Henry S. Huntington
- Dwight Ingle
- William T. Innes
- Augustus Sol Invictus
- Seymour Itzkoff
- Herbert Spencer Jennings
- Albert Johnson (Washington politician)
- Roswell Hill Johnson
- David Starr Jordan
- Helen Keller
- Ida Augusta Keller
- John Harvey Kellogg
- Robert Foster Kennedy
- Wilhelmine Key
- Ben Klassen
- Rufus B. von KleinSmid
- Sigard Adolphus Knopf
- James P. Kranz Jr.
- Wallace Kuralt
- Robert E. Kuttner
- Walter Landauer
- Christopher Langan
- Harry H. Laughlin
- Anton LaVey
- Joseph LeConte
- Joshua Lederberg
- William Gordon Lennox
- Nell Battle Lewis
- Charles Lindbergh
- C. C. Little
- Lana Lokteff
- Jack London
- Madge Macklin
- Charles Martin (Oregon politician)
- Onera Amelia Merritt-Hawkes
- Adolf Meyer (psychiatrist)
- Edward M. Miller
- William Dawes Miller
- Robert Millikan
- Alice Lee Moqué
- Edwin D. Morgan (businessman)
- George Van Horn Moseley
- Hermann Joseph Muller
- Marian Olden
- Frederick Osborn
- Henry Fairfield Osborn
- R. Travis Osborne
- Marion A. Parrott
- Russell Pearce
- William Dudley Pelley
- Elmer Pendell
- Henry Farnham Perkins
- Cornelia Marvin Pierce
- Walter M. Pierce
- Walter Plecker
- Paul Popenoe
- Charles Francis Potter
- A. S. Priddy
- William J. Robinson
- John D. Rockefeller Jr.
- Aaron Rosanoff
- Mary Harriman Rumsey
- Herbert Charles Sanborn
- Margaret Sanger
- Karl Schakel
- Ada Estelle Schweitzer
- Harry L. Shapiro
- Harry Clay Sharp
- William Herbert Sheldon
- William Shockley
- William Gayley Simpson
- Elmer Ernest Southard
- Randolph L. Speight
- Leo Stanley
- Morris Steggerda
- Lothrop Stoddard
- Aubrey E. Strode
- Donald A. Swan
- John Tanton
- F. W. Taussig
- Woolsey Teller
- Lewis Terman
- Nikola Tesla
- Edward Thorndike
- Allen W. Thurman
- William Lawrence Tower
- John B. Trevor Jr.
- John B. Trevor Sr.
- Victor C. Vaughan
- Daniel Vining Jr.
- Stephen Sargent Visher
- Walter L. Voegtlin
- August Vollmer
- Francis E. Walter
- Robert DeCourcy Ward
- Harry F. Weyher Jr.
- Nathaniel Weyl
- Mary Traffarn Whitney
- Albert E. Wiggam
- Abraham Wolbarst
- Victoria Woodhull
- Robert Yerkes
Australian
[edit]Austrian
[edit]Brazilian
[edit]British
[edit]- Leonard Arthur
- James Barr (physician)
- Florence Barrett
- George Bedborough
- Alexander Graham Bell
- Julia Bell (geneticist)
- William Beveridge
- Carlos Blacker
- Edward Brabrook
- Chris Brand
- Laurence Brock
- Cyril Burt
- Alexander Carr-Saunders
- Cedric Carter
- Raymond Cattell
- William Chapple (New Zealand politician)
- Elizabeth Chesser
- Archibald Church
- Stella Churchill
- Winston Churchill
- David Coleman (demographer)
- James Crichton-Browne
- J. H. Curle
- C. D. Darlington
- Charles Galton Darwin
- Leonard Darwin
- Ruth Darwin
- Mary Dendy
- Lord Malcolm Douglas-Hamilton
- Bessie Drysdale
- Charles Vickery Drysdale
- Binnie Dunlop
- Ethel M. Elderton
- Havelock Ellis
- Ronald Fisher
- E. B. Ford
- Agnes Fry
- Francis Galton
- Thomas John Gerrard
- John Walter Gregory
- J. B. S. Haldane
- Thomas Horder, 1st Baron Horder
- Vera Houghton
- Woods Hutchinson
- Julian Huxley
- William Ralph Inge
- Arthur Keith
- Arabella Kenealy
- John Maynard Keynes
- François Lafitte
- Nick Land
- Frida Laski
- Frederick Lindemann, 1st Viscount Cherwell
- Anthony Ludovici
- Richard Lynn
- Ernest MacBride
- Thomas Fauset MacDonald
- Bernard Mallet
- James Marchant
- William McDougall (psychologist)
- Stewart Andrew McDowall
- Raw Egg Nationalist
- Sybil Neville-Rolfe
- Emmeline Pankhurst
- Karl Pearson
- Roger Pearson (anthropologist)
- George Pitt-Rivers
- Humphry Rolleston
- Redcliffe Salaman
- Caleb Saleeby
- F. C. S. Schiller
- Albert Seward
- George Bernard Shaw
- Eliot Slater
- Marie Stopes
- Frances Swiney
- Richard Titmuss
- A. F. Tredgold
- John Tyndall (far-right activist)
- Alice Vickery
- Allan Warner (physician)
- Arnold Wilson
- Helena Rosa Wright
Canadian
[edit]Chinese
[edit]Finnish
[edit]French
[edit]German
[edit]- Otto Ammon
- Karl Astel
- Gertrud Bäumer
- Karl Binding
- Agnes Bluhm
- Hermann Boehm (eugenicist)
- Hermann Brauneck
- Hans Julius Duncker
- Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
- Walter Gross (politician)
- Alfred Grotjahn
- Hans F. K. Günther
- Ernst Haeckel
- Willibald Hentschel
- Heinrich Himmler
- Adolf Hitler
- Alfred Hoche
- Max Hodann
- Franz Josef Kallmann
- Edwin Katzen-Ellenbogen
- Emil Kraepelin
- Hans Lubinus
- Gerhard Meisenberg
- Otfrid Mittmann
- Hans Nachtsheim
- Oda Olberg
- Alfred Ploetz
- Heinrich Wilhelm Poll
- Ernst Rodenwaldt
- Ernst Rüdin
- Arthur Ruppin
- Thilo Sarrazin
- Wilhelm Schallmayer
- Ludwig Schemann
- Richard Ungewitter
- Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer
- Ernst August Wagner
- Gerhard Wagner (physician)
- Wilhelm Weygandt
Italian
[edit]Romanian
[edit]- Ion Agârbiceanu
- Gheorghe Banu
- Lotte Binder
- Alexandrina Cantacuzino
- Salvator Cupcea
- Traian Herseni
- Sabin Manuilă
- Gheorghe Marinescu
- Nicolae Paulescu
- Bronze Age Pervert
- Constantin Rădulescu-Motru
- Francisc Rainer
- Eugen Relgis
- Izabela Sadoveanu-Evan
- Florian Ștefănescu-Goangă
- Eraclie Sterian
- Alexandru Tzigara-Samurcaș
Spanish
[edit]Swedish
[edit]Swiss
[edit]Other
[edit]- Amy Barrington
- Hans Betzhold
- Raquel Camaña
- Charles D'Arcy
- A. N. Field
- Ladislav Haškovec
- Eusebio Hernández Pérez
- Hiratsuka Raichō
- Lene Koch
- Norman Lowell
- Max Nordau
- Alfred Nossig
- Tenrei Ōta
- Nicolás Palacios
- Narayan Sitaram Phadke
- John Runnström
- Johan Scharffenberg
- Alexander Serebrovsky (geneticist)
- José Vasconcelos
- Varg Vikernes
- Augustyn Wróblewski
Works
[edit]Books
[edit]- After Us, or the World as it Might Be
- Better-World Philosophy
- The Blood of the Nation
- Dwellers in the Vale of Siddem
- Eugenical Sterilization in the United States
- The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection
- Germany Must Perish!
- Hereditary Genius
- Heredity in Relation to Eugenics
- Illiberal Reformers
- Inquiries into Human Faculty and Its Development
- IQ and Global Inequality
- The Kallikak Family
- Man, the Unknown
- The Passing of the Great Race
- The Pivot of Civilization
- Racial Hygiene: Medicine Under the Nazis
- Sex Histories
- Superior: The Return of Race Science
- War Against the Weak
- Which Way Western Man?
- Why Fish Don't Exist
Periodicals
[edit]Fiction
[edit]- Bene Gesserit
- Beyond This Horizon
- The Bladerunner
- Brave New World
- Cylinder van Troffa
- The Foundling (Leary novel)
- Galactic Milieu
- Gallia (novel)
- The Gate to Women's Country
- Heart of a Dog
- Howard families
- Kwisatz Haderach
- The Marching Morons
- Moving the Mountain (novel)
- The Neanderthal Parallax
- Prelude to Christopher
- O Presidente Negro
- Rite of Passage (novel)
- Khan Noonien Singh
- Super soldier
- Triplanetary (novel)
- War World (series)
- Wild Seed (novel)
Films
[edit]- The Black Stork
- A Dangerous Idea: Eugenics, Genetics and the American Dream
- Dark Medicine
- Endgame (2007 film)
- The Escape (1914 film)
- Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed
- Freaks (1932 film)
- Gattaca
- Homo Sapiens 1900
- Maafa 21
- Man of Steel (film)
- Married in Name Only
- My Daughter Hildegart
- Never Look Away (2018 film)
- The New Man (film)
- Picnic on the Grass
- Tomorrow's Children
- The Very Idea
- Where Are My Children?
Television
[edit]Further reading
[edit]References
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ↑ /juːˈdʒɛnɪks/ yoo-JEN-iks; from Ancient Greek εύ̃ (eû) 'good, well' and -γενής (genḗs) 'born, come into being, growing/grown'
Citations
[edit]- ↑ Levine, Philippa (2017). "The World of Eugenics". Eugenics: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. pp. 1–24. doi:10.1093/actrade/9780199385904.003.0001.
- 1 2 Kevles, Daniel J. (1999). "Eugenics and Human Rights". BMJ. 319 (7207): 435–438. doi:10.1136/bmj.319.7207.435. PMC 1127045.
- ↑ Levine, Philippa (2017). "Eugenic Reproduction". Eugenics: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. pp. 47–71. doi:10.1093/actrade/9780199385904.003.0003.
External links
[edit]- Eugenics and scientific racism – National Human Genome Research Institute
- Eugenics – Holocaust Encyclopedia, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
- Inquiry into the history of eugenics at UCL – University College London
Archives and digital collections
[edit]- Eugenics Record Office Collection – Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Archives
- Eugenics Archive – collaborative research archive on the history and legacies of eugenics, with survivor testimony
- Eugenics Society (SA/EUG) – records of the Eugenics Society, 1840–2008, Wellcome Collection
- Eugenics archive – digital archive on the American eugenics movement, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
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