Nemoscolus
| Nemoscolus | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Female N. vigintipunctatus | |
 | |
| Female N. obscurus on stone nest | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Araneidae |
| Genus: | Nemoscolus Simon, 1895[1] |
| Type species | |
| N. laurae (Simon, 1868) | |
| Species | |
|
15, see text | |
Nemoscolus is a genus of orb-weaver spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1895.[2]
Life style
[edit]
stone nest of N. tubicola
female N. tubicola on nest
stone nest of N. obscurus
nest of N. laurae
Nemoscolus species are orb-web spiders that make a stone nest in the centre of the orb-web. The webs are usually constructed in grass and lack a stabilimentum.[3]
A small conical or helicoid retreat is made of material such as soil particles, silk and vegetable matter. The opening of the tube is positioned in the centre of the horizontal orb-web, and the conical tube serves as both a retreat and a repository for eggs. The spider sits in the entrance of the web waiting for prey.[3]
Prey typically consists of jumping insects such as second-instar locusts.[3]
Description
[edit]
Female spiders measure 4-6 mm in total length, while males are slightly smaller at 3-5 mm. These small spiders have slightly elongated bodies with a pear-shaped carapace that is narrower in the eye region.[3]
The abdomen is round oval and is usually whitish with median and lateral longitudinal bands that merge posteriorly.[3]
The legs are similar in colour to the carapace and are kept tightly against the body. Males are a little smaller than females.[3]
Species
[edit]
female N. cotti
juvenile male N. cotti
N. elongatus
As of September 2025[update], this genus includes fifteen species, all found in Africa except for N. laurae, found in the western Mediterranean, and N. sandersi, found in Australia:[1]
- Nemoscolus affinis Lessert, 1933 – DR Congo
- Nemoscolus cotti Lessert, 1933 – Zimbabwe, Mozambique, South Africa
- Nemoscolus elongatus Lawrence, 1947 – South Africa
- Nemoscolus kolosvaryi Caporiacco, 1947 – Uganda
- Nemoscolus lateplagiatis Simon, 1907 – Guinea-Bissau
- Nemoscolus laurae (Simon, 1868) – Western Mediterranean (type species)
- Nemoscolus niger Caporiacco, 1936 – Libya
- Nemoscolus obscurus Simon, 1897 – South Africa
- Nemoscolus rectifrons Roewer, 1961 – Senegal
- Nemoscolus sandersi Kallal & Hormiga, 2020 – Australia (Queensland)
- Nemoscolus semilugens Denis, 1966 – Libya
- Nemoscolus tubicola (Simon, 1887) – Namibia, South Africa, Eswatini
- Nemoscolus turricola Berland, 1933 – Mali
- Nemoscolus vigintipunctatus Simon, 1897 – Zimbabwe, South Africa
- Nemoscolus waterloti Berland, 1920 – Madagascar
References
[edit]- 1 2 "Genus Nemoscolus". World Spider Catalog. doi:10.24436/2. Retrieved 26 September 2025.
- ↑ Simon, E (1895). Histoire naturelle des araignées. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.51973.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Dippenaar-Schoeman, A.S.; Haddad, C.R.; Foord, S.H.; Lotz, L.N.; Webb, P. (2022). The Araneidae of South Africa. Version 2: part 2 (E-Ne). South African National Survey of Arachnida Photo Identification Guide. p. 57. doi:10.5281/zenodo.6619195.
This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 4.0 license.