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| Muhammad Kwassau | |
|---|---|
| Emir of Zazzau | |
| Reign | 1897–1902 |
| Predecessor | Yero dan Salika |
| Successor | Ibrahim |
| House | Katsinawa House |
Muhammad Kwassau was the last independent Emir of Zazzau before the emirate came under British colonial rule following the[British campaign against the Sokoto Caliphate. He reigned from 1897 until his deposition by the British in 1902, marking the end of Zazzau's political independence.[1][2]
Reign
[edit]Muhammad Kwassau became Emir of Zazzau in 1897 after being chosen by the emirate's kingmakers during a succession dispute. Contemporary accounts indicate that his selection occurred under the threat of armed conflict among rival claimants.[1]
During his reign, Zazzau faced repeated attacks from the neighbouring Kontagora Emirate. Seeking protection, Muhammad Kwassau established friendly relations with the British administration and welcomed British forces into the emirate in 1900. In 1901 he formally invited British troops to assist in suppressing raids from Kontagora.[3]
Despite his cooperation, the British colonial authorities removed him from office in 1902 during the consolidation of colonial rule in Northern Nigeria. His deposition ended the independence of the Zazzau Emirate, which thereafter became part of the British Protectorate of Northern Nigeria.[1][2]
Following his removal, Ibrahim (Emir of Zazzau) was installed as emir under the indirect rule system introduced by the British colonial administration.[1]
Legacy
[edit]Muhammad Kwassau is regarded as the last sovereign ruler of Zazzau before British colonial administration transformed the emirate into a Native Authority under indirect rule. His reign represents the transition from independent emirate governance to colonial administration in Northern Nigeria.[1][4]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- 1 2 3 4 5 Smith, Michael G. (1970). Government in Zazzau, 1800–1950. London: Oxford University Press for the International African Institute. pp. 196–203.
- 1 2 Hunwick, John O.; O'Fahey, Rex S., eds. (1994). Arabic Literature of Africa, Volume II: The Writings of Central Sudanic Africa. Leiden: Brill. p. 361. ISBN 9789004104945.
- ↑ Umar, Muhammad Sani (2006). Islam and Colonialism: Intellectual Responses of Muslims of Northern Nigeria to British Colonial Rule. Leiden: Brill. pp. 115–117. ISBN 9789004139466.
- ↑ Paden, John N. (1973). Religion and Political Culture in Kano. University of California Press. pp. 145–148.