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Motor Sich

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Joint Stock Company Motor Sich
IndustryAerospace industry
Defence
Founded1907; 119 years ago (1907) in Alexandrovsk, Yekaterinoslav Governorate, Russian Empire
Founder
  • Hatskel Moznaim
  • Rafael Moznaim
HeadquartersZaporizhzhia, Ukraine
Area served
Worldwide
ProductsAircraft engines, Turbojet engines
Increase ₴3.3 billion (2015)[1][2]
Total assetsIncrease ₴20.7 billion (2015)[1]
Number of employees
21,860 (December, 2010)[3]
Websitehttps://motorsich.com/eng/

The Motor Sich, Joint Stock Company (Ukrainian: АТ «Мотор Січ») is a Ukrainian aircraft engine manufacturer headquartered in Zaporizhzhia. The company manufactures engines for airplanes and helicopters as well as industrial marine gas turbines and installations.

Overview

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Motor Sich currently[when?] produces the Ivchenko Progress D-18 turbofan which powers variants of the Antonov An-124 and An-225 freighters, although the Ivchenko Progress D-36/Ivchenko Progress D-436 series remain the highest production-rate engines in the CIS.

Motor Sich inherited some of the former Soviet Union's aero engine manufacturing capabilities. It produces turbofan, turboprop and rotary-wing turboshaft engines that power aircraft in Russian service, such as Mi- and Ka-series military helicopters.[4]

In 2017 Beijing's Skyrizon Aviation purchased a 41% holding in Motor Sich. Skyrizon Aviation had agreed to first invest $250 million in the Ukrainian Zaporizhzhia plants and help Motor Sich to set up a new assembly and servicing plant in Chongqing.[5]

The company announced that it planned to launch its own helicopter, dubbed Hope, in 2018.[6]

Some individuals, including former counsel to the US Senate Foreign Relation Committee, William C. Triplet, have criticized Ukraine for allowing Motor Sich to conduct business with Chinese firms. Oleh Lyashko, leader of Ukraine’s Radical Party, said if the US does not want Motor Sich to be closer with the Chinese, then they need to buy enough aircraft engines.[7]

Motor Sich severed ties with Russia in 2014, its biggest client, and consequently made efforts to find new markets. The US administration of Donald Trump, added Skyrizon to a Military End-User (MEU) List. President Volodymyr Zelenskyy then signed a decree imposing sanctions on Skyrizon to restrict its trading operations, while the company responded with a $3.5 billion arbitration case.[8]

On 11 March 2021, the Ukrainian government announced its intention to nationalize Motor Sich by buying back shares from Chinese holders.[9] Secretary of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine Oleksiy Danilov said the government's decision is to "return Motor Sich to the Ukrainian people" and that "investors will be compensated".[10]

Several Turkish military products use Motor Sich engines, including the Bayraktar TB2, Bayraktar Akinci, Bayraktar Kızılelma, TAI Anka-3 drones and the TAI T929 ATAK 2 helicopter.[11][12] Director-General of Motor Sich, Vyacheslav Bohuslayev noted that a $100 million loan from China needs to be repaid in 2026.[13]

Among the company's new products is the MS-500V turboshaft engine, originally intended for the Russian Ansat helicopter.

Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Motor Sich plant in Zaporizhzhia was struck multiple times by Russian attacks. Russia said that the plant was destroyed in late May 2022.[14] It was again struck in August 2022,[15] August 2023,[16] and January 2025.[17]

History

[edit]

In August 1907, politician, industrialist and Jewish community leader Hatskel Moznaim filed a petition with the Alexandrovsk City Duma for the establishment of an iron foundry and machine building plant.[18] In 1908, the project was approved by the authorities of the Yekaterinoslav Governorate on the site of the former Taras Shevchenko fairgrounds, and construction began shortly after.[19] By 1909, construction work was complete.[20] In 1912, the H. and R. Moznaim Machine-Building Plant had 56 employees, and produced a variety of agricultural machinery. By 1914, the complex was valued at 367,786 rubles.

In December 1915, the plant was acquired by the Petrograd based Duflon, Konstantinovich and K (DEKA) amid increasing demand for aircraft engines as a result of the World War I.[21] In September 1915, the plant entered into a contract to supply the Imperial Russian Air Service with engines, with additional production and administrative buildings built. Despite the ongoing war, equipment was able to be imported through Vladivostok and Arkhangelsk.[20] By August 1916, production of the DEKA M-100 aircraft engine had been established, intended for use with the Ilya Muromets heavy bomber designed by Igor Sikorsky.[22] A young Vladimir Klimov was involved in the design of the engine.[23] Engines for Lebed and Antara aircraft were also produced.[20] However, admit mounting economic chaos and revolutionary unrest, the plant effectively halted production by 1917.[24] In 1918, the complex was nominally nationalised by the new Bolshevik government, but remained non-functional as a result of the Russian Civil War, with the city of Alexandrovsk changing eighteen times throughout the course of the war.[24][25]

Tumansky M-88

in 1920 the plant was transferred to the jurisdiction of the Glavkoavia under the name of GAZ No. 9.[a][26] Two years later, the appendage "Bolshevik" was added. From 1917, it became known as the State Aircraft Plant No. 29. Following the death of Soviet aviator Pyotr Baranov in 1933, the plant was renamed in his honour.[24] In 1923, preparations for the production of M-6 engines (a licensed derivative of the Hispano-Suiza 8Fb) began, in production from 1925 to 1932.[27] In addition to aircraft, it powered the T-24 medium tank. Starting in 1929, Shvetsov M-11 five-cylinder radial engines were manufactured, followed in 1931 by the nine-cylinder Shvetsov M-22.[24] In the 1930s, the licensed production and transfer of technical assistance of Gnome et Rhône aircraft engines began. Beginning in 1935, production of the fourteen-cylinder Tumansky M-85 began, followed by the upgraded M-86, M-87, M-88 and M-89.[24] By early 1941, the expansion of the plant had been completed, located in three territories with a total area of 171,900 square meters.

With the launch of Operation Barbarossa in June 1941 and the rapid Nazi German blitzkreig into Ukraine, Plant No. 29 was evacuated to the east, with evacuation taking place until September 1941.[28][24] The evacuated plant was integrated with No. 29 plant based in Omsk. The relocation from Zaporizhzhia to Omsk was a significant undertaking, with equipment packed into 1,056 railcars carrying over 2,000 metal-cutting and press machines, tooling, and approximately 18,500 personnel and their families. By November 1941, the first batch of Tumansky M-88 engines began, scaling to high rate production by January 1942.

2022 nationalisation

[edit]

On 6 November 2022, the government of President Volodymyr Zelenskyy used martial law to nationalise the company, stating that "Such steps, which are necessary for our country in conditions of war, are carried out in accordance with current laws and will help meet the urgent needs of our defense sector."[29] Chinese company Skyrizon accused Ukraine of "unjustified plundering."[30]

Components

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In 2011 it acquired Orsha Engineering Factory, Orsha, Belarus.

[edit]

Daughter organizations

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See also

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Notes

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  1. ↑ Gosudarstvenny Aviatsionny Zavod (State Aviation Plant)

References

[edit]
  1. 1 2 "ГОДОВОЙ ОТЧЕТ 2015" [Annual Report 2015] (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 February 2017. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
  2. ↑ "Power structure Motor Sich". Ukrainian joint-stock company.
  3. ↑ Motor Sich JSC (31 December 2010). "Motor Sich Annual Report 2010" (PDF). motorsich.com. Motor Sich JSC. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  4. ↑ "Oboronprom targets Ukrainian company as helicopter consolidation continues". www.janes.com. Archived from the original on 16 October 2006.
  5. ↑ Zhen, Liu (16 September 2017). "Chinese firm's stake in Ukraine military aircraft engine maker 'frozen'". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
  6. ↑ "Motor Sich to start helicopter production in 2018". 10 August 2017.
  7. ↑ Genin, Aaron (23 August 2018). "KIEV'S NEW PARTNER: A BETRAYAL OF U.S. INTERESTS". The California Review. Archived from the original on 15 March 2020. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  8. ↑ "UPDATE 1-Ukraine president approves sanctions against China's Skyrizon". Reuters. 29 January 2021. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
  9. ↑ GDC (15 July 2021). "Ukraine To Nationalize Jet Engine Producer Motor Sich From Chinese Skyrizon". Global Defense Corp. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
  10. ↑ "Ukraine Plans To Nationalize Jet Engine Producer Motor Sich From Chinese Investors". Radio Free Europe. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  11. ↑ SABAH, DAILY (29 June 2021). "Turkish Aerospace, Motor Sich ink deal for heavy-class helicopter engines". Daily Sabah. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
  12. ↑ GDC (6 May 2021). "Ukraine may sell 50% stake in Motor Sich to Turkish firm". Global Defense Corp. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
  13. ↑ "Director General of Motor Sich Vyacheslav Bohuslayev says that $100 million, which he borrowed, should be repaid to Chinese investors by 2026". ukrinform. 12 July 2021. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
  14. ↑ "Russia Says It Destroyed Ukrainian Military Engine Plant". Newsweek, May 26, 2022. 26 May 2022. Retrieved 19 September 2022.
  15. ↑ "Russian forces hit Motor Sich plant in Ukraine's Zaporizhzhia region - RIA". Reuters. 28 August 2022.
  16. ↑ "Russia attacked the "Motor Sich" plant: what the occupiers wanted to destroy". TSN.ua. 7 August 2023.
  17. ↑ "The aftermath of Russia's guided bomb strike on Ukraine's Zaporizhzhia, which killed 13 and injured over 100". Meduza. 9 January 2025.
  18. ↑ "100 лет заводу «МОТОР СИЧ»". Журнал «Оборудование и инструмент для профессионалов». Retrieved 7 September 2026.
  19. ↑ "Запорізький архів. Студії з історії євреїв Запорізького краю (ХІХ – І половина ХХ ст.): Збірник документів і матеріалів / Упоряд.: В. О. Бондар, О. Г. Величко, І. В. Козлова. Державний архів Запорізької області; Запорізький національний університет; Запорізьке міське відділення товариства "Україна-Ізраїль". – Запоріжжя, 2010. – 318 с."
  20. 1 2 3 "Деятельность предприятия «Мотор Сич» в эвакуации в годы Великой Отечественной войны". zkm-nasledie.ru. Retrieved 7 September 2026.
  21. ↑ Vaniuha, Liudmyla; Zharkova, Iryna; Markovych, Mariya; Pryidun, Stepan; Drevnitskyi, Yuriy (19 June 2022). "Analysis of prerequisites and conditions for the foundation of an aircraft engine enterprise in Ukraine". History of science and technology. 12: 169–185. doi:10.32703/2415-7422-2022-12-1-169-185.
  22. ↑ aviator. "Поршневой авиационный двигатель "ДЕКА" М-100". Российская авиация (in Russian). Retrieved 7 September 2026.
  23. ↑ "Поршневой авиационный двигатель "ДЕКА" М-100. - Российская авиация". xn--80aafy5bs.xn--p1ai (in Russian). Archived from the original on 16 July 2019. Retrieved 7 September 2026.
  24. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ерохин, Евгений. "ОМО им. П.И. Баранова: штрихи к 100-летней истории". www.take-off.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 7 September 2026.
  25. ↑ smaster (1 August 2022). "Завод № 29". Испытатели (in Russian). Retrieved 7 September 2026.
  26. ↑ smaster (1 August 2022). "Завод № 29". Испытатели (in Russian). Retrieved 7 September 2026.
  27. ↑ Kotelnikov, Vladimir (2010). Отечественные авиационные поршневые моторы. 1910–2009 [Domestic aircraft piston engines. 1910–2009] (in Russian). Litres. pp. 62–68. ISBN 978-5-91244-017-5.
  28. ↑ wtkn (7 May 2015). "Трудовой подвиг омичей в годы Великой Отечественной войны". Омское землячество в Москве (in Russian). Retrieved 7 September 2026.
  29. ↑ Hunder, Max; Balmforth, Tom (7 November 2022). "Ukraine seizes stakes in strategic companies under wartime laws". Reuters. Retrieved 7 November 2022.
  30. ↑ "Could China, Russia's "no-limits" friend, help rebuild Ukraine?". The Economist. 7 December 2023. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
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