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Mostaganem

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Mostaganem
مستغانم
City
El Arsa Park
Tobana Mosque
Dar El Kaïd
Dar Hamid El Abdi
Bordj Ettork and Mostaganem Tramway
Zawiya Al-Alawiyya of Mostaganem
Cap Ivi lighthouse
Mostaland
Official seal of Mostaganem
Seal
Nickname: 
Pearl of the Mediterranean
Mostaganem is located in Algeria
Mostaganem
Mostaganem
Location within Algeria
Coordinates: 35°56′N 0°5′E / 35.933°N 0.083°E / 35.933; 0.083
Country Algeria
ProvinceMostaganem Province
DistrictMostaganem District
Area
 • Urban Settlement
50 km2 (19 sq mi)
Elevation
104 m (341 ft)
Population
 (2008)[1]
 • Urban Settlement
145,696
 • Estimate 
(2026)[2]
216,102
 • Density2,900/km2 (7,500/sq mi)
 • Urban
[3]
236,150
 • Settlement (2008)[4]
162,885
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
Postal code
27000

Mostaganem (Arabic: مستغانم, romanized: Mustaghānim, Berber languages: ⵎⵓⵙⵜⴰⵖⴰⵏⵎ) is the capital city of Mostaganem province in northwest Algeria, and a major port on the Gulf of Arzew in the Mediterranean Sea. The city is located 72 kilometres (45 mi) east-northeast of Oran and about 280 kilometres (170 mi) southwest of Algiers.

Mostaganem is the second-largest city after Oran in Algeria's northwest, and the country's fourth-largest port. As of the 2019 census it had 406,190 inhabitants.[5]

Origins

[edit]

Mostaganem is said to correspond to the ancient Punic port of Murustaga, and that after becoming part of the Roman Empire it was renamed Cartennae (also Cartenna or Cartennas) under the emperor Gallienus (253–268).[6][better source needed] However, Murustaga is the name by which Mostaganem was known when it became a Christian bishopric and by which it is referred to in the Catholic Church's list of episcopal sees.[7] Cartennae is modern-day Ténès, a town 50 kilometres (31 mi) to the east of Mostaganem.[8]

History

[edit]
The coasts of Mostaganem in Piri Reis's book Kitab-ı Bahriye
The coast of Mostaganem in Piri Reis's Kitab-ı Bahriye

Mostaganem reputedly has origins dating back to Punic and Roman times, and was ruled by the Zirid dynasty between 973 and 1146 CE. It was then conquered by the Almoravid dynasty and reached its high point of power under Yusuf ibn Tashfin. The city was later ruled by the Zayyanid dynasty of Tlemcen, who were conquered by the Marinid dynasty of Fes until the Zayyanid dynasty took back control of the city.

In the 16th century the town resisted a Spanish invasion but was captured by the Ottoman admiral Hayreddin Barbarossa and became a harbor for Mediterranean corsairs, as well as an important commercial port. By 1700 it had come under Ottoman rule, but in 1833 the city was taken by France and a garrison established. [6]

In April 1943, during World War Two, the US Navy's "D" Company arrived in Mostaganem to build an amphibious port. Welcomed by the locals, the Allied forces turned the city into the largest base of its kind, with electricity, running water, roads, a hospital, and pontoon shops.[9]

Algeria became independent in 1962 and Mostaganem is now the second-largest city in the country's northwest, after Oran, and Algeria's fourth-largest port. As of the 2019 census it had a population of 406,190.[10]

Geography

[edit]

The city of Mostaganem is divided into two regions by the ravine of the Wadi Ain Sefra: the modern Eastern quarter, and the older Western quarter encompassing the historic Muslim city of Tidgit. The port and beaches occupy the south.[11]

The city tripled in size between 1962 and 2004, spreading over 18 km (11 mi) of coastal zone. This growth, in combination with agricultural and industrial activities, has caused environmental concerns.[12]
Sidi Lakhdar beach.

Climate

[edit]

Mostaganem has a mild Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csa), with more rainfall in winter than in summer. The average annual temperature is 17.9 °C (64.2 °F), and an average of about 347 mm (13.66 in) of precipitation falls annually. However, the Ain Sefra River flooded the city in 1900, and more recent flooding of the Cheliff River caused property damage and loss of life in 2000, 2001, 2010, and 2017.[12]

Climate data for Mostaganem (1991-2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 25.8
(78.4)		 32.6
(90.7)		 34.5
(94.1)		 35.8
(96.4)		 42.5
(108.5)		 43.6
(110.5)		 45.9
(114.6)		 45.0
(113.0)		 39.6
(103.3)		 38.7
(101.7)		 32.0
(89.6)		 28.7
(83.7)		 45.9
(114.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 16.2
(61.2)		 17.0
(62.6)		 19.2
(66.6)		 21.3
(70.3)		 24.5
(76.1)		 28.3
(82.9)		 31.6
(88.9)		 32.3
(90.1)		 28.7
(83.7)		 25.2
(77.4)		 20.0
(68.0)		 17.3
(63.1)		 23.5
(74.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) 11.0
(51.8)		 11.7
(53.1)		 13.6
(56.5)		 15.7
(60.3)		 18.9
(66.0)		 22.6
(72.7)		 25.7
(78.3)		 26.4
(79.5)		 23.3
(73.9)		 19.7
(67.5)		 15.0
(59.0)		 12.3
(54.1)		 18.0
(64.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 5.8
(42.4)		 6.3
(43.3)		 8.0
(46.4)		 10.0
(50.0)		 13.3
(55.9)		 16.8
(62.2)		 19.7
(67.5)		 20.4
(68.7)		 17.8
(64.0)		 14.2
(57.6)		 10.0
(50.0)		 7.4
(45.3)		 12.5
(54.5)
Record low °C (°F) −2.2
(28.0)		 −1.7
(28.9)		 −1.4
(29.5)		 0.2
(32.4)		 4.1
(39.4)		 6.6
(43.9)		 11.0
(51.8)		 10.7
(51.3)		 8.0
(46.4)		 4.2
(39.6)		 −0.6
(30.9)		 −2.0
(28.4)		 −2.2
(28.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 56.7
(2.23)		 46.9
(1.85)		 36.4
(1.43)		 38.1
(1.50)		 23.6
(0.93)		 3.9
(0.15)		 1.3
(0.05)		 3.0
(0.12)		 22.4
(0.88)		 33.4
(1.31)		 69.5
(2.74)		 55.4
(2.18)		 390.6
(15.38)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0mm) 6.3 6.2 5.0 4.7 2.9 0.9 0.4 0.7 2.9 4.6 7.2 6.1 47.9
Average relative humidity (%) 77 76 77 69 72 69 68 64 70 74 75 71 72
Mean daily sunshine hours 6.6 7.6 7.9 8.9 9.9 10.8 11.5 10.9 9.4 8.2 7.4 6.7 8.8
Source 1: NOAA (temperatures, precipitation 1991–2020)[13]
Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (humidity 1976-1995, sun 1961-1990)[14]

Features

[edit]
El Arsa
The city of Mostaganem features a port on the Mediterranean Sea that has a ferry,[15] amusement park,[16] commercial district, religious heritage sites, and beaches.[17] This port is shared by large transport vessels and fishing boats alike, unloading cargo ranging from provisions to cars and pipelines, and as in most ports of Algeria sailors are not allowed to exit the port and visit the city. A new, smaller port for fishing boats has been constructed but is currently not used.[needs update]

A tunnel under the city and toward the city center was completed in 2010 and changed traffic flow significantly. Mostaganem has no public airport and so the new autoroute from the capital Algiers towards Oran makes it easier to access Mostaganem by road from the capital.

Mostaganem is home to the University of Mostaganem, a college and medical provider established in 1979. The university is referred to locally as the University of Abdelhamid Ibn Badis (UMAB), after a popular figure in the Muslim reform movements of Algeria. The university offers degrees ranging from bachelors to doctorates in computer science, as well as medical doctorates.[18]

The city's major sports teams are the association football clubs ESA Mostaganem and WA Mostaganem, both of whom play their home games in the Mohamed Bensaïd Stadium.

Notable people

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ "City Population: Check for Humans". City Population. Retrieved 3 August 2026.
  2. ↑ "Mostaganem Population 2026". World Population Review. 30 July 2026. Retrieved 3 August 2026.
  3. ↑ "Largest Cities by Population in Algeria". Worldometer. Retrieved 3 August 2026.
  4. ↑ "City Population: Check for Humans". City Population. Retrieved 3 August 2026.
  5. ↑ Early Christianity in North Africa François Decret, Early Christianity in North Africa (James Clarke & Co. 2014] Archived 22 October 2023 at the Wayback Machine ISBN 978-0-22790308-7), p. 84
  6. 1 2 Murustaga-Mostaganem Archived 1 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ↑ Annuario Pontificio 2013 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2013, ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), p. 935
  8. ↑ J. D. Fage, Roland Anthony Oliver (editors), The Cambridge History of Africa, Vol. 2 (Cambridge University Press 1978 Archived 22 October 2023 at the Wayback Machine ISBN 978-0-52121592-3), p. 118
  9. ↑ "54th Naval Construction Battalion Historical Information" (PDF). www.history.navy.mil. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 November 2025. Retrieved 13 February 2026.
  10. ↑ Armature urbaine (PDF) (Report). Series S: Statistiques Sociales, Algeria (in French). Vol. 163/2011. Office National des Statistiques. 2008. ISBN 978-9961-792-74-2. ISSN 1111–5114. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2013.{{cite report}}: CS1 maint: ignored ISSN errors (link)
  11. ↑ "Mostaganem | Algeria, Mediterranean Coast, Port City". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 8 November 2025. Retrieved 13 February 2026.
  12. 1 2 Kikes, F; Aouniti, A; Corselli, C (July 2018). "Assessment of the coastal environment status in Western Algeria: Mostaganem case study". Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences – via Università Degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
  13. ↑ "Mostaganem Climate Normals for 1991-2020". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  14. ↑ "Klimadaten ausgewählter Wetterstationen: Algerien". Dwd.de (in German). Deutscher Wetterdinest. Archived from the original on 28 July 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  15. ↑ "Mostaganem Ferries, Port Info & Travel Guide". ferryhopper. Retrieved 14 February 2026.
  16. ↑ "Mostaland animal barn and amusement park - Mostaland". mostaland.dz. Retrieved 14 February 2026.
  17. ↑ "Home - Direction of Tourism and Handicrafts Mostaganem". Direction of Tourism and Handicrafts Mostaganem. 28 October 2021. Archived from the original on 20 May 2025. Retrieved 14 February 2026.
  18. ↑ "University of Mostaganem Abdelhamid Ibn Badis". studyinalgeria.dz. Retrieved 14 February 2026.
  19. ↑ "Louis-Félix-François Franchet d'Esperey | WWI, Allied Victory, Armistice". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 9 July 2025. Retrieved 13 February 2026.
  20. ↑ "Cheikh Hamada". Discogs. Retrieved 13 February 2026.
  21. ↑ "Muhammad ibn Ali al-Sanusi - The Sanusi Order". Ghayb.com. Retrieved 13 February 2026.
  22. ↑ "Mohamed Chouikh | Director, Actor, Writer". IMDb. Retrieved 13 February 2026.
  23. ↑ "Shaykh Ahmad Al-'Alawi: Life and Work". www.worldwisdom.com. Retrieved 13 February 2026.
  24. ↑ "Rudefoucauld, Alain Julien – éditions do". www.editionsdo.fr. Retrieved 13 February 2026.
  25. ↑ "Abdelkader Ouali". www.myheritage.com. Retrieved 13 February 2026.
[edit]
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