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Moderation and Development Party

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Moderation and Development Party
حزب اعتدال و توسعه
LeaderHassan Rouhani[1]
Secretary-GeneralMohammad Bagher Nobakht[2]
SpokespersonRamezan-Ali Sobhanifar[3]
Executive SecretaryMorteza Bank[4]
Politburo HeadMahmoud Vaezi
Election HeadAli Jannati[5]
FoundedNovember 1999; 26 years ago (1999-11)[1]
HeadquartersTehran, Iran
IdeologyModeratism
Pragmatism
Idealism[6]
Islamic democracy
Velâyat-e Faqih[7]
Technocracy
Faction:
Institutional economics[8]
Under the presidency of Hassan Rouhani:
Neoliberalism[17]
Moderate conservatism[18]
Economic liberalism[19][20]
Neo-Keynesianism[25]
Populism[26]
Reformism[27]
Pro–foreign investment[21]
Political positionCentre[28]
National affiliationPragmatists
Reformists
Alliance
Government
1 / 33
Parliament
1 / 290
Website
www.hezbet.ir

Moderation and Development Party (Persian: حزب اعتدال و توسعه, romanized: Hezb-e E'tedāl va Towse'eh) is a political party in Iran. It is a pragmatic-centrist political party which held its first congress in 2002.[29]

Platform

[edit]

The party is part of the faction called "modernist right", "moderate reformists" and "technocrats" that draws from upper-level bureaucrats, industrialists and managers.[30] It deals with a platform on modernization and economic growth rather than social justice, along with the Executives of Construction Party and the Islamic Labour Party.[31] The party has been allied with Popular Coalition of Reforms[28] and Pervasive Coalition of Reformists[32] in parliamentary elections and has had good relations with both Mohammad Khatami’s reform program and Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani.[2] In April 2017, the party joined the supreme policymaking council of reformists.[33]

Some sources branded them as part of the conservative camp in the 2000s[34][35][36] or reformists under the leadership of Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani.[37] In 2003, the party's spokesperson wrote in Hamshahri, a major Iranian newspaper, that the party regards itself among "true reformists", who are idealists, considering "social realities" interpreted with the "principle of moderation".[6]

According to Ali Afshari, the party prioritizes economic expansion and follows free market policies, however a minority faction represented by members, such as Bagher Nobakht, advocate institutionalized economy and maintain that the government should interfere to regulate markets to a limited extent.[7] They support limited political and cultural transformations, and believe political activism should only be within the frameworks of the constitution. The party also embraces Velâyat-e Faqih.[7]

Presidential candidates

[edit]
Year Candidate
2001Mohammad Khatami
2005Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani[38]
2009Mir-Hossein Mousavi[39]
2013Hassan Rouhani[1]
2017Hassan Rouhani[40]
2024 Masoud Pezeshkian[41]

Members

[edit]

Current officeholders

[edit]
Cabinet
Parliament

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. 1 2 3 Seyed Hossein Mousavian (5 July 2013), "The Rise of the Iranian Moderates", Al-Monitor, archived from the original on 17 November 2019, retrieved 7 December 2016
  2. 1 2 Khani, Mohammad Hassan (17 July 2012). "Political Parties in the Islamic Republic of Iran". Iran Review. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
  3. ↑ ""جنتی" معاون کانون‌ها و "سبحانی‌فر" سخنگوی اعتدال و توسعه شدند" (in Persian). Tasnim News Agency. 27 June 2017. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  4. ↑ "Iran News Round Up", Critical Threats Project, 8 December 2015, retrieved 7 April 2017
  5. ↑ "Iran's Presidential Election: Who are the Candidates?", Iran Wire, 13 April 2017, retrieved 21 April 2017
  6. 1 2 "In the Gap between the Two Wings", Hamshahri (in Persian), no. 3005, p. Politics, 15 March 2003, retrieved 1 June 2017
  7. 1 2 3 Ali Afshari (8 April 2014), "Internal rivalries hinder Rouhani's reform efforts", Al-Monitor, retrieved 11 December 2016
  8. ↑ "Internal rivalries hinder Rouhani's reform efforts - AL-Monitor: The Middle Eastʼs leading independent news source since 2012".
  9. ↑ "Dangerous Iranophobia: Trump edges towards his own 'axis of evil' moment". Middle East Eye.
  10. ↑ "Rouhani's Neoliberal Doctrine has Failed Iran".
  11. ↑ Zaccara, Luciano; Mohiddin, Wafa Sultana (2020). "Introduction". Foreign Policy of Iran under President Hassan Rouhani's First Term (2013–2017). Contemporary Gulf Studies. pp. 1–13. doi:10.1007/978-981-15-3924-4_1. ISBN 978-981-15-3923-7.
  12. ↑ "Iran Regime's Official: The Stock Market Will Blow". 9 May 2020.
  13. ↑ Dubowitz, Mark (5 March 2016). "Hassan Rouhani, 'Moderates' and Iran's Post-Election Path". Wall Street Journal.
  14. ↑ "Neoliberal Economics Comes to Iran". 17 October 2014.
  15. ↑ https://dl.icds.org/pdfs/files4/7a32570282dae73370608e648729ec5b.pdf[permanent dead link]
  16. ↑ "Neoliberal Economics: The Plague of Iran's Economy". 3 October 2018.
  17. ↑ [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]
  18. ↑ "Iran after the elections: Time for re-engagement". ISPI.
  19. ↑ "Iran's economic reforms in retreat".
  20. ↑ "Rouhani: Management of capital market; key to stability, development, prosperity".
  21. 1 2 Discourse analysis of the foundations of development in the government of Hassan Rou
  22. ↑ "Iran's President Rouhani Accused of Secret Talks with Israel".
  23. ↑ "Iranian press review: Rouhani accused of holding secret talks with Israel". Middle East Eye.
  24. ↑ Mousavi, Seyed Qaem; Azin, Ahmad; Jafarinejad, Masoud (16 March 2020). "DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF THE FOUNDATIONS OF DEVELOPMENT IN THE GOVERNMENT OF HASSAN ROUHANI | Humanidades & Inovação". revista.unitins.br. 7 (4): 282–292. Retrieved 2026-08-09.
  25. ↑ [21][22][23][24]
  26. ↑ Akbarzadeh, Shahram (19 May 2017). Rattan, Reema; Chakraverty, Clea (eds.). "Hassan Rouhani's economic legacy may be his key to winning a second term". doi:10.64628/AAL.96ad9djhp.
  27. ↑ "Iran's Reform Camp is in Crisis". 11 January 2019.
  28. 1 2 "Guide: Iranian parliamentary elections". BBC World. 27 February 2012. Retrieved March 10, 2015.
  29. ↑ "Iran Report". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 16 February 2004. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
  30. ↑ Rabasa, Angel; Waxman, Matthew; Larson, Eric V.; Marcum, Cheryl Y. (2004). The Muslim World After 9/11. Rand Corporation. p. 221. ISBN 9780833037558.
  31. ↑ Mohseni, Payam (2016). "Factionalism, Privatization, and the Political economy of regime transformation". In Brumberg, Daniel; Farhi, Farideh (eds.). Power and Change in Iran: Politics of Contention and Conciliation. Indiana Series in Middle East Studies. Indiana University Press. p. 44.
  32. ↑ Parisa Hafezi (18 February 2016). Dominic Evans (ed.). "Factbox: Parties and politics in Iran's parliamentary election". Reuters. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
  33. ↑ "Moderation party joins reformist policy-making council", Tehran Times, 10 April 2017, retrieved 14 April 2017
  34. ↑ Beeman, William O. (Summer 2004). "Elections and Governmental Structure in Iran: Reform Lurks Under the Flaws" (PDF). Brown Journal of World Affairs. XI (1): 55–67.
  35. ↑ "How Iran votes". BBC World. 3 February 2004. Retrieved 27 March 2017.
  36. ↑ Kaveh-Cyrus Sanandaji (2009), "The Eighth Majles Elections in the Islamic Republic of Iran: A Division in Conservative Ranks and the Politics of Moderation", Iranian Studies, 42 (4), Routledge: 621–648, doi:10.1080/00210860903106345, S2CID 153397356
  37. ↑ Aras, Bulent (September 2001). "Transformation of the Iranian political system: Towards a new model?" (PDF). Middle East Review of International Affairs. 5 (3).
  38. ↑ "Moderation and Development Party backs Rowhani for president", Mehr News Agency, 14 September 2008, retrieved 24 November 2016
  39. ↑ "Party leader wants debates among candidates' representatives", Mehr News Agency, 30 May 2009, retrieved 24 November 2016
  40. ↑ "Moderation and Development Party to back Rouhani", Tehran Times, 14 January 2017, retrieved 14 January 2017
  41. ↑ Behnegarsoft.com (2024-06-10). "حزب اعتدال و توسعه - بیانیه انتخاباتی حزب اعتدال و توسعه در حمایت از دکتر مسعود پزشکیان ، نامزد انتخابات ریاست جمهوری 1403". حزب اعتدال و توسعه (in Persian). Retrieved 2024-09-06.
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