Minn Matsuda
Minn Matsuda | |
|---|---|
| Born | 31 May 1911  |
| Died | 6 August 2003 |
| Notable work | Asian Americans for Action |
Shizu "Minn" Matsuda (1911-2003) was a Japanese-American activist and a co-founder of Asian Americans for Action (also known as "AAA" or "Triple A"). In 1969, inspired by the Black Power Movement, Matsuda and her friend, Kazu Iijima (1918-2007), a survivor of the World War II Japanese internment camps, co-founded the New York-based AAA, one of the first U.S. East Coast pan-Asian organizations promoting awareness of pan-Asian identity and heritage, civil rights, and equality. [1][2][3][4][5][6]
Early life and career
[edit]Matsuda was born in Seattle, Washington in 1911. Her maiden name was Utsunomiya. At some point, she moved to the San Francisco Bay Area and earned an art undergraduate degree at the California School of Arts and Crafts in 1933. She received some recognition for her watercolor paintings.[7][8] She worked for a time for the Works Progress Administration (WPA) in the federal art project.[9] In Salt Lake City, Utah, Matsuda managed to find a job creating ads for a retail store despite hostility toward people of Japanese heritage.[10] Her artwork from the WPA was included in an exhibit at the Utah State Arts Center in 1939.[9]
Pan-Asian activism and AAA leadership
[edit]Matsuda and Iijima, the co-founders of the AAA, had met in California prior to World War II and the upheaval caused by Executive Order 9066. Unlike Iijima, Matsuda avoided the mass incarceration of Japanese families since she had moved inland to Utah prior to 1942. Nonetheless, to Matsuda, this historic event had a long and strong impact.[10]
Pan-Asian activism began during the 1960s, inspired in part by the Black Power movement. In 1968, the term "Asian American" was brought up by an academic in the West Coast, followed by multiple Asian-American movements throughout 1968-69.[2] In 1969, Matsuda and Iijima co-founded AAA in New York City inspired by the Black Power movement.[1][11][12] The women originally conceived of an organization focused on Japanese-American identity, but were convinced by Iijima's son, Chris Iijima, to make it pan-Asian, that is meant to bring shared political and cultural identity across all Asian people.[13] The AAA was community-based and aimed to promote Asian heritage, especially amongst the younger population. Its scope expanded from awareness of cultural heritage to civil rights, women's rights, and equality.[14] The AAA emerged as part of Asian-American activism during the late 1960's by increasing political participation in marginalized communities. Like many organizations, it brought isolated efforts to a more unified approach. Bearing the fruits of its work; it contributed to the expansion of civil rights efforts.
The organization's first meeting was held in New York City, April 6, 1969.[15] The first members of AAA included activist Yuri Kochiyama.[12] According to Iijima, AAA began with "two old ladies sitting on a park bench worrying about their children's future."[1] Matsuda was approximately 58 and Iijima about 51 when they set up the organization. By that time, both women had already been involved in pro-Asian movements for many years. To enlist members, the women approached persons of Asian descent at rallies protesting the Vietnam War. The war, which they considered an act of American aggression, became the first cause they espoused. They also protested the renewal of the United States-Japan Security Treaty which allowed for American military bases on Japanese soil, including Okinawa.[13] The AAA continued to evolve and became known as "Union of Activists" in 1976. However, as many more radical Asian American organizations began to push further by challenging government policies, confronting political positions, and acting in more militant ways, many members left. As a result, the pan-Asian organization dissolved within a decade.[16] Nevertheless, AAA had an ever-lasting impact on Asian American activism, which became increasingly professionalized with focuses including cultural/heritage preservation and civil rights.[14]
According to firsthand accounts, many AAA protestors faced adversity, including hatred and racial hostility during this period and during protests; through this, they gained a stronger desire to fight against social injustice.[17]
Later life and death
[edit]Matsuda was a witness of the 9/11 attack on the World Trade Center.[10] From her ninth-floor residence, she personally witnessed the second jet striking the tower.[10] In an interviewed piece by Chisun Lee, Matsuda recounted her shocking experience and its connection to the traumatic memory of the Japanese-American Internment during World War II. She believed that the post-9/11 government put Muslim Americans under scrutiny, just as it had with Japanese and Japanese Americans after Pearl Harbor. Matsuda raised concerns of how the political climate might have normalized and perhaps promoted racial discrimination.[10]
Matsuda died on August 6, 2003, at the age of 92.[18]
References
[edit]- 1 2 3 "5 AAPI Women Who Made A Major Impact On History". Bustle. Retrieved 2023-03-31.
- 1 2 Wallace, Nina (8 May 2017). "Yellow Power: The Origins of Asian America".
- ↑ Positive experiences with Asian Americans for Action, retrieved 2023-03-31
- ↑ Yamamoto, J.K. (2014-09-08). "'The Mother Teresa of Human and Civil Rights'". Rafu Shimpo. Retrieved 2023-03-31.
- ↑ Sagert, Kelly; Overman, Steven (2018). Japanese Americans : the history and culture of a people. Jonathan H. X. Lee. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. p. 130. ISBN 978-1-4408-4190-3. OCLC 1003131677.
- ↑ Shimabukuro, Mira (2015). Relocating authority : Japanese Americans writing to redress mass incarceration. Boulder, Colorado. p. 44. ISBN 978-1-60732-401-0. OCLC 933434226.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ↑ "Art School to Give Degrees". Oakland Tribune. May 3, 1933. p. 12. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
- ↑ "Art Association of S.F. Holds its Water Color Show". Oakland Tribune. November 15, 1936. p. 18. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
- 1 2 Austad, Verla (December 3, 1939). "'U,' Dixie, Art Center Hold Exhibits This Week". Ogden Standard-Examiner. pp. 6–B. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Lee, Chisun (2002-07-30). "Rounding Up the 'Enemy'". The Village Voice. Archived from the original on September 15, 2018. Retrieved 2023-03-31.
- ↑ Nakagawa, Martha (2018-07-25). "Nisei Activist Played a Pivotal Role in Redress Movement". Rafu Shimpo. Retrieved 2023-03-31.
- 1 2 Hsiao, Andrew (1998-06-23). "100 Years of Hell-Raising". The Village Voice. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved 2023-03-31.
- 1 2 Wei, William (1993). The Asian American Movement. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. pp. 24–29. ISBN 978-1-56639-183-2.
- 1 2 Publishing, Bloomsbury. "Asian American Activism – An Excerpt from The Asian American Experience". Library Journal. Retrieved 2024-05-14.
- ↑ Maeda, Daryl J. (2009). Chains of Babylon: The Rise of Asian America. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. p. 135. ISBN 978-0-8166-4891-7.
- ↑ Ishizuka, Karen L. (January 2009). "Flying in the Face of Race, Gender, Class and Age: A Story About Kazu Iijima, One of the Mothers of the Asian American Movement on the First Year Anniversary of Her Death". Amerasia Journal. 35 (2): 24–48. doi:10.17953/amer.35.2.b76378g8q9616763. ISSN 0044-7471.
- ↑ "Positive experiences with Asian Americans for Action | Interviews | Discover Nikkei". discovernikkei.org. Retrieved 2026-03-28.
- ↑ "Paid Notice: Memorials MATSUDA, SHIZU MINN.". The New York Times. 2004-08-06. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-03-31.
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